The Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics series takes an innovative 'practice to theory... more The Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics series takes an innovative 'practice to theory' approach, with a 'back-to-front' structure. This leads the reader from real-world problems and issues, through a discussion of intervention and how to engage with these concerns, before finally relating these practical issues to theoretical foundations. Exploring Language Assessment and Testing offers a straightforward and accessible introduction that starts from real-world experiences and uses practical examples to introduce the reader to the academic field of language assessment and testing. Extensively updated, with additional features such as reader tasks (with extensive commentaries from the author), a glossary of key terms and an annotated further reading section, this second edition provides coverage of recent theoretical and technological developments and explores specific purposes for assessment. Including concrete models and examples to guide readers into the relevant literature, this book also offers practical guidance for educators and researchers on designing, developing and using assessments. Providing an inclusive and impartial survey of both classroom-based assessment by teachers and larger-scale testing, this is an indispensable introduction for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students studying Language Education, Applied Linguistics and Language Assessment.
There has been much debate in Pakistani ELT publications and newspapers regarding the advantages ... more There has been much debate in Pakistani ELT publications and newspapers regarding the advantages and drawbacks of English education in Pakistani high schools. A huge bulk of these views is centered upon unreliable and unsystematic proofs. The goal of this study is to collect baseline quantitative data from Pakistani high school English instructors, including their backgrounds, training and preferences, challenges faced by them in classrooms and the impact of 1994 Ministry of Education Course of Study Guidelines on teaching practices. English teachers of ten general and ten vocational high schools were asked to answer a 26-questions survey for the study, having an overall return rate of 23%. The findings reveal that the teachers' expected answers varied evidently depending on their college major and also the volume of their prior teamteaching experience.
The scope, nature, significance, and causes of code mixing in Pakistani Post-Colonial novels are ... more The scope, nature, significance, and causes of code mixing in Pakistani Post-Colonial novels are discussed in the current study. It highlights the conceptual frameworks created by Kachru (1983) and the Modiano's model of English (1999). The Heart Divided written by Mumyaz Shah Nawaz, Bitter Gourd written by Talat Abbasi, My Feudal Lord written by Tehmina Durrani, Burnt Shadows written by Kamila Shamsie, and The Triple Mirror of the Self written by Zulifkar Ghose were five postcolonial novels of Pakistani English authors that were chosen as a sample for this study. The features of post-colonialism in these works have been examined by the authors. Code mixing of a relatively larger extent has been discovered in English novels written by Pakistani authors in this research. The authors of these novels haven't denigrated native dialects; instead, they've emphasized the significance of Pakistani English, since the English language occasionally falls short of meeting locals' communication needs. These translations into other native languages are made to fill in the vocabulary spaces of the ideological concepts that cannot be expressed in English. These borrowings are not intended to portray the code-mixing English as a poor variant. We draw the conclusion that the usage of local words has brought attention to the value of local languages and raised concerns about the lingua franca.
, which investigates the use of politeness markers and strategies by male and female students wit... more , which investigates the use of politeness markers and strategies by male and female students within the coeducation system. Employing qualitative method, the research analyzes recorded discourses of undergraduate students to explore potential gender differences in linguistic politeness. The study's main focus is to determine whether the coeducation environment influences students' linguistic politeness. Utilizing the politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987), the research involved 60 participants using a stratified sampling technique. The comparative analysis of three gender groupsmales-only discourse, females-only discourse, and mixed gender group discourse-revealed that the mixed gender group demonstrated a higher usage of politeness markers and employed more strategies to save face for their interlocutors. Based on these findings, the study concludes that coeducation positively impacts linguistic politeness among university students.
The Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics series takes an innovative 'practice to theory... more The Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics series takes an innovative 'practice to theory' approach, with a 'back-to-front' structure. This leads the reader from real-world problems and issues, through a discussion of intervention and how to engage with these concerns, before finally relating these practical issues to theoretical foundations. Exploring Language Assessment and Testing offers a straightforward and accessible introduction that starts from real-world experiences and uses practical examples to introduce the reader to the academic field of language assessment and testing. Extensively updated, with additional features such as reader tasks (with extensive commentaries from the author), a glossary of key terms and an annotated further reading section, this second edition provides coverage of recent theoretical and technological developments and explores specific purposes for assessment. Including concrete models and examples to guide readers into the relevant literature, this book also offers practical guidance for educators and researchers on designing, developing and using assessments. Providing an inclusive and impartial survey of both classroom-based assessment by teachers and larger-scale testing, this is an indispensable introduction for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students studying Language Education, Applied Linguistics and Language Assessment.
There has been much debate in Pakistani ELT publications and newspapers regarding the advantages ... more There has been much debate in Pakistani ELT publications and newspapers regarding the advantages and drawbacks of English education in Pakistani high schools. A huge bulk of these views is centered upon unreliable and unsystematic proofs. The goal of this study is to collect baseline quantitative data from Pakistani high school English instructors, including their backgrounds, training and preferences, challenges faced by them in classrooms and the impact of 1994 Ministry of Education Course of Study Guidelines on teaching practices. English teachers of ten general and ten vocational high schools were asked to answer a 26-questions survey for the study, having an overall return rate of 23%. The findings reveal that the teachers' expected answers varied evidently depending on their college major and also the volume of their prior teamteaching experience.
The scope, nature, significance, and causes of code mixing in Pakistani Post-Colonial novels are ... more The scope, nature, significance, and causes of code mixing in Pakistani Post-Colonial novels are discussed in the current study. It highlights the conceptual frameworks created by Kachru (1983) and the Modiano's model of English (1999). The Heart Divided written by Mumyaz Shah Nawaz, Bitter Gourd written by Talat Abbasi, My Feudal Lord written by Tehmina Durrani, Burnt Shadows written by Kamila Shamsie, and The Triple Mirror of the Self written by Zulifkar Ghose were five postcolonial novels of Pakistani English authors that were chosen as a sample for this study. The features of post-colonialism in these works have been examined by the authors. Code mixing of a relatively larger extent has been discovered in English novels written by Pakistani authors in this research. The authors of these novels haven't denigrated native dialects; instead, they've emphasized the significance of Pakistani English, since the English language occasionally falls short of meeting locals' communication needs. These translations into other native languages are made to fill in the vocabulary spaces of the ideological concepts that cannot be expressed in English. These borrowings are not intended to portray the code-mixing English as a poor variant. We draw the conclusion that the usage of local words has brought attention to the value of local languages and raised concerns about the lingua franca.
, which investigates the use of politeness markers and strategies by male and female students wit... more , which investigates the use of politeness markers and strategies by male and female students within the coeducation system. Employing qualitative method, the research analyzes recorded discourses of undergraduate students to explore potential gender differences in linguistic politeness. The study's main focus is to determine whether the coeducation environment influences students' linguistic politeness. Utilizing the politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987), the research involved 60 participants using a stratified sampling technique. The comparative analysis of three gender groupsmales-only discourse, females-only discourse, and mixed gender group discourse-revealed that the mixed gender group demonstrated a higher usage of politeness markers and employed more strategies to save face for their interlocutors. Based on these findings, the study concludes that coeducation positively impacts linguistic politeness among university students.
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