La celebre etude onomasiologique "Die romanischen Namen der Korperteile", publiee par A... more La celebre etude onomasiologique "Die romanischen Namen der Korperteile", publiee par Adolf Zauner en 1903 dans les "Romanische Forschungen", decrit l'origine des denominations des parties du corps dans les langues romanes en tenant compte de tout le materiel linguistique connu a son epoque. Sa conception diachronique et onomasiologique demeure actuelle jusqu'a nos jours. Neanmoins, on ressent aujourd'hui le besoin d'une synthese de la recherche etymologique traditionnelle et de la linguistique cognitive: C'est ce que se propose de realiser le projet de recherche lexicographique DECOLAR (Dictionnaire Etymologique et Cognitif des Langues Romanes) presente dans cet article. Le DECOLAR ressemble a l'etude de Zauner dans la mesure ou il s'agit d'un dictionnaire onomasiologique historique qui analyse la genese des denominations des parties du corps dans 14 langues romanes. En revanche, il s'en demarque par le type d'analyse lexi...
Conceiving modality as the expression of the attitude of the speakers or of some referent (agent,... more Conceiving modality as the expression of the attitude of the speakers or of some referent (agent, subject), as proposed by Bally (1965) and Bybee (1985), is a valid linguistic premise for this phenomenon. In order to resolve various problems concerning the distinction between speaker and referent, as well as between subjective and objective modality (Lyons 1977), the present article describes a system of semantic notions based on three principles: (1) the assumption of illocutionary meaning as a semantic counterpart of illocutionary force, (2) the conception of subjectivity as a gradable semantic feature, and (3) the notion of linguistic polyphony introduced by Ducrot (1984). The presented approach restricts the notion of modality in that it excludes illocution (seen as an immediate speaker implementation), and extends it insofar as it does not limit modality to certain types of expressions (like grammatical morphemes).
Our contribution accounts for the eminent role of cognitive semantics for the study of lexical ch... more Our contribution accounts for the eminent role of cognitive semantics for the study of lexical change. First, we discuss the principles of cognitive semantics and show how they fit to explain semantic change within the lexicon. On the one hand, the notion of frame semantics turns out to be an explicative principle for metonymic (“domain highlighting”) as well as for metaphorical innovation (“domain mapping”), on the other hand the application of prototype theory to semantic change affects not only taxonomic, but also some special kinds of metonymic and metaphorical change. In a further step we deal with the integration of semantic and other types of lexical innovation, like word formation and loans. Until today, these aspects of lexical change have mainly been dealt with in entirely distinct sub-disciplines of linguistics and have been taken as essentially unrelated. However, empirical data reveal that semantic change often has to be considered within multilayered processes of lexic...
Beyond Grammaticalization and Discourse Markers, 2018
Main-clause-initial puisque 'but' (?) is an insubordinated erstwhile causal conju... more Main-clause-initial puisque 'but' (?) is an insubordinated erstwhile causal conjunction. It signals that the information introduced by it should be known to the addressee. By doing so, puisque conveys an act of refutation directed against the immediately preceding utterance. As has been noted in the literature, insubordinated erstwhile conjunctions bear a close functional resemblance to German modal particles in that they integrate speech acts into the common ground — a function which we term abtönung. However, in spite of being eligible for abtönung, main-clause-initial puisque is basically a discourse marker rather than a modal particle; as we will show, its usage depends heavily on the sequential ordering of the discourse, whereas constraints of this kind play no role for modal particles. It has often been assumed that the diachronic mechanism behind insubordination is main-clause-ellipsis. However, based on Ford (1993) and Diessel & Hetterle (2011) we will argue that insubordinated puisque was brought about by a reanalysis in elaborative contexts. In the terms proposed by Detges & Waltereit (2016: 653), main-clause-initial puisque emerged from contexts where it served to negotiate the next move in the joint construction of discourse. It is this function that ultimately makes it a discourse-marker, despite its suitability for abtönung.
Alors que les phenomenes du queismo et dequeismo font l'objet de bon nombre d'etudes ling... more Alors que les phenomenes du queismo et dequeismo font l'objet de bon nombre d'etudes linguistiques et sont quasiment omnipresents dans l'enseignement universitaire de l'espagnol, peu d'attention est pretee a la construction syntaxique des completives prepositionnelles (du type PREP + que + IP), qui est une condition necessaire a ces phenomenes de deviation de la norme. Cependant, l'introduction immediate d'une completive par une preposition represente une constellation syntaxique tout a fait particuliere. C'est ce que montre l'etude presente, qui compare l'espagnol (et dans une moindre mesure le portugais et le galicien) avec 11 langues romanes ou indoeuropeennes parlees en Europe et qui constate que ces langues ne permettent pas la construction prepositionnelle des completives. Il existe dans ces langues deux alternatives syntaxiques: la construction cataphorique (du type PREP + DEM + que + IP) et la construction directe (du type que + IP) A partir d'un cadre theorique fonde sur les principes de l'analyse intrinseque et extrinseque des chaines syntagmatiques l'article discute par la suite les avantages et inconvenients apparents de ces alternatives. Finalement, on se pose la question de savoir dans quelle mesure le caractere finit / infinit des propositions syntaxiques (IP) determine l'impossibilite de la construction prepositionnelle dans la plupart des langues. Afin de repondre a cette question il convient de confronter la conception dichotomique du critere finit / infinit envisagee par la grammaire generative a l'hypothese typologique d'une opposition graduelle entre le finit et l'infinit. Il s'avere que cette derniere pourrait apporter une explication a la particularite syntaxique des langues hispaniques occidentales qu'est la completive prepositionnelle.
In Spanish the conjunction of subordination que may also introduce main sentences. Aside from opt... more In Spanish the conjunction of subordination que may also introduce main sentences. Aside from optative sentences introduced by que which are common to Romance languages, peninsular Spanish has several special uses of que-introduced sentences which have been accounted for as ‘emphatic’, ‘reiterative’ and ‘explicative’. The present contribution puts these intuitive accounts into a broader theoretical framework and shows that we are dealing with usages of que as connector, discourse marker and modal particle. This observation results from the analysis of the semantic-pragmatic functions of these usages based on a three-dimensional model of meaning which includes locutionarymeaning besides propositional and illocutionary meaning. According to this model, locutionary meaning relates to the actual discourse. Now, it can be shown that the so called emphatic, reiterative and explicative uses of que as introducer of main sentences are locutionary in the sense that they refer to previous utterances of the actual discourse. Therefore, we may also talk about dialogical uses of que in these kinds of sentences.
Erstmals wird hier eine allgemeine Medientheorie ausgearbeitet, die mediale Ereignisse auf ihre k... more Erstmals wird hier eine allgemeine Medientheorie ausgearbeitet, die mediale Ereignisse auf ihre kommunikativen, materiellen und semiotischen Aspekte hin untersucht. Diese Theorie entwickelt Grundbegriffe für eine kohärente Beschreibung von einfachen und komplexen, neuen und alten Medien sowie von diversen Medienkonstellationen. Neben der begrifflichen Einordnung unterschiedlicher medientheoretischer Ansätze geht es in dieser Studie gleichermaßen um natürliche, artifizielle, individuelle und digitale Medien sowie um Massenmedien. Julia Genz und Paul Gévaudan liefern ein interdisziplinäres Grundlagenwerk, das sowohl für Fachwissenschaftler_innen und Studierende als auch für eine breitere Leserschaft von Interesse ist.
La celebre etude onomasiologique "Die romanischen Namen der Korperteile", publiee par A... more La celebre etude onomasiologique "Die romanischen Namen der Korperteile", publiee par Adolf Zauner en 1903 dans les "Romanische Forschungen", decrit l'origine des denominations des parties du corps dans les langues romanes en tenant compte de tout le materiel linguistique connu a son epoque. Sa conception diachronique et onomasiologique demeure actuelle jusqu'a nos jours. Neanmoins, on ressent aujourd'hui le besoin d'une synthese de la recherche etymologique traditionnelle et de la linguistique cognitive: C'est ce que se propose de realiser le projet de recherche lexicographique DECOLAR (Dictionnaire Etymologique et Cognitif des Langues Romanes) presente dans cet article. Le DECOLAR ressemble a l'etude de Zauner dans la mesure ou il s'agit d'un dictionnaire onomasiologique historique qui analyse la genese des denominations des parties du corps dans 14 langues romanes. En revanche, il s'en demarque par le type d'analyse lexi...
Conceiving modality as the expression of the attitude of the speakers or of some referent (agent,... more Conceiving modality as the expression of the attitude of the speakers or of some referent (agent, subject), as proposed by Bally (1965) and Bybee (1985), is a valid linguistic premise for this phenomenon. In order to resolve various problems concerning the distinction between speaker and referent, as well as between subjective and objective modality (Lyons 1977), the present article describes a system of semantic notions based on three principles: (1) the assumption of illocutionary meaning as a semantic counterpart of illocutionary force, (2) the conception of subjectivity as a gradable semantic feature, and (3) the notion of linguistic polyphony introduced by Ducrot (1984). The presented approach restricts the notion of modality in that it excludes illocution (seen as an immediate speaker implementation), and extends it insofar as it does not limit modality to certain types of expressions (like grammatical morphemes).
Our contribution accounts for the eminent role of cognitive semantics for the study of lexical ch... more Our contribution accounts for the eminent role of cognitive semantics for the study of lexical change. First, we discuss the principles of cognitive semantics and show how they fit to explain semantic change within the lexicon. On the one hand, the notion of frame semantics turns out to be an explicative principle for metonymic (“domain highlighting”) as well as for metaphorical innovation (“domain mapping”), on the other hand the application of prototype theory to semantic change affects not only taxonomic, but also some special kinds of metonymic and metaphorical change. In a further step we deal with the integration of semantic and other types of lexical innovation, like word formation and loans. Until today, these aspects of lexical change have mainly been dealt with in entirely distinct sub-disciplines of linguistics and have been taken as essentially unrelated. However, empirical data reveal that semantic change often has to be considered within multilayered processes of lexic...
Beyond Grammaticalization and Discourse Markers, 2018
Main-clause-initial puisque 'but' (?) is an insubordinated erstwhile causal conju... more Main-clause-initial puisque 'but' (?) is an insubordinated erstwhile causal conjunction. It signals that the information introduced by it should be known to the addressee. By doing so, puisque conveys an act of refutation directed against the immediately preceding utterance. As has been noted in the literature, insubordinated erstwhile conjunctions bear a close functional resemblance to German modal particles in that they integrate speech acts into the common ground — a function which we term abtönung. However, in spite of being eligible for abtönung, main-clause-initial puisque is basically a discourse marker rather than a modal particle; as we will show, its usage depends heavily on the sequential ordering of the discourse, whereas constraints of this kind play no role for modal particles. It has often been assumed that the diachronic mechanism behind insubordination is main-clause-ellipsis. However, based on Ford (1993) and Diessel & Hetterle (2011) we will argue that insubordinated puisque was brought about by a reanalysis in elaborative contexts. In the terms proposed by Detges & Waltereit (2016: 653), main-clause-initial puisque emerged from contexts where it served to negotiate the next move in the joint construction of discourse. It is this function that ultimately makes it a discourse-marker, despite its suitability for abtönung.
Alors que les phenomenes du queismo et dequeismo font l'objet de bon nombre d'etudes ling... more Alors que les phenomenes du queismo et dequeismo font l'objet de bon nombre d'etudes linguistiques et sont quasiment omnipresents dans l'enseignement universitaire de l'espagnol, peu d'attention est pretee a la construction syntaxique des completives prepositionnelles (du type PREP + que + IP), qui est une condition necessaire a ces phenomenes de deviation de la norme. Cependant, l'introduction immediate d'une completive par une preposition represente une constellation syntaxique tout a fait particuliere. C'est ce que montre l'etude presente, qui compare l'espagnol (et dans une moindre mesure le portugais et le galicien) avec 11 langues romanes ou indoeuropeennes parlees en Europe et qui constate que ces langues ne permettent pas la construction prepositionnelle des completives. Il existe dans ces langues deux alternatives syntaxiques: la construction cataphorique (du type PREP + DEM + que + IP) et la construction directe (du type que + IP) A partir d'un cadre theorique fonde sur les principes de l'analyse intrinseque et extrinseque des chaines syntagmatiques l'article discute par la suite les avantages et inconvenients apparents de ces alternatives. Finalement, on se pose la question de savoir dans quelle mesure le caractere finit / infinit des propositions syntaxiques (IP) determine l'impossibilite de la construction prepositionnelle dans la plupart des langues. Afin de repondre a cette question il convient de confronter la conception dichotomique du critere finit / infinit envisagee par la grammaire generative a l'hypothese typologique d'une opposition graduelle entre le finit et l'infinit. Il s'avere que cette derniere pourrait apporter une explication a la particularite syntaxique des langues hispaniques occidentales qu'est la completive prepositionnelle.
In Spanish the conjunction of subordination que may also introduce main sentences. Aside from opt... more In Spanish the conjunction of subordination que may also introduce main sentences. Aside from optative sentences introduced by que which are common to Romance languages, peninsular Spanish has several special uses of que-introduced sentences which have been accounted for as ‘emphatic’, ‘reiterative’ and ‘explicative’. The present contribution puts these intuitive accounts into a broader theoretical framework and shows that we are dealing with usages of que as connector, discourse marker and modal particle. This observation results from the analysis of the semantic-pragmatic functions of these usages based on a three-dimensional model of meaning which includes locutionarymeaning besides propositional and illocutionary meaning. According to this model, locutionary meaning relates to the actual discourse. Now, it can be shown that the so called emphatic, reiterative and explicative uses of que as introducer of main sentences are locutionary in the sense that they refer to previous utterances of the actual discourse. Therefore, we may also talk about dialogical uses of que in these kinds of sentences.
Erstmals wird hier eine allgemeine Medientheorie ausgearbeitet, die mediale Ereignisse auf ihre k... more Erstmals wird hier eine allgemeine Medientheorie ausgearbeitet, die mediale Ereignisse auf ihre kommunikativen, materiellen und semiotischen Aspekte hin untersucht. Diese Theorie entwickelt Grundbegriffe für eine kohärente Beschreibung von einfachen und komplexen, neuen und alten Medien sowie von diversen Medienkonstellationen. Neben der begrifflichen Einordnung unterschiedlicher medientheoretischer Ansätze geht es in dieser Studie gleichermaßen um natürliche, artifizielle, individuelle und digitale Medien sowie um Massenmedien. Julia Genz und Paul Gévaudan liefern ein interdisziplinäres Grundlagenwerk, das sowohl für Fachwissenschaftler_innen und Studierende als auch für eine breitere Leserschaft von Interesse ist.
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