The creation of the euro area in 1999 and the subsequent introduction of the euro as a common cur... more The creation of the euro area in 1999 and the subsequent introduction of the euro as a common currency in 2002 were results of a long process of preparation that went back as far as 1947. On the basis of original documents stored in archives in several European countries, this book traces and explains the discussions in the formative years of both the ideas for a monetary union and of the European integration process as such. Its contents reveals that the basic issue to be resolved has remained the same over time: how to organize effective monetary cooperation between ultimately sovereign states. The result of an international cooperative effort of two research institutes, Huygens ING from the Netherlands and the Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe from Luxembourg, this is the first book to appear on this topic that combines official documents with in-depth archival sources.
La coopération transfrontalière en Europe émerge dans les années 1960, dans le cadre de jumelages... more La coopération transfrontalière en Europe émerge dans les années 1960, dans le cadre de jumelages entre municipalités et sur la toile de fond marqué par la construction de la Communauté économique européenne (CEE). Elle se développera sous l’impulsion du Conseil de l’Europe – qui promouvra les relations de bon voisinage entre les autorités locales des États concernés, et de la CEE – qui mettra en place un système d’accords de coopération transfrontalière entre les pays communautaires, ainsi qu’avec les pays voisins. La convention-cadre européenne sur la coopération transfrontalière entre collectivités ou autorités territoriales (la « Convention de Madrid ») a été signée par les États membres du Conseil de l’Europe le 25 mai 1980. Son texte a été renforcé par deux protocoles additionnels dédiés à la coopération transfrontalière (en 1995) et interterritoriale (en 1998). [...
We are very grateful for our funders' support over the years, which has made this venture possibl... more We are very grateful for our funders' support over the years, which has made this venture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/v-dem-institute/funders The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect an official position of the V-Dem Project or the V-Dem Steering Committee. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) produces the largest global dataset on democracy with some 27 million data points for 202 countries from 1789 to 2018. Involving over 3,000 scholars and other country experts, V-Dem measures hundreds of different attributes of democracy. V-Dem enables new ways to study the nature, causes, and consequences of democracy embracing its multiple meanings.
The experts were supposed to exercise their role in an individual capacity and in full independen... more The experts were supposed to exercise their role in an individual capacity and in full independence, but their reactions increasingly reflected the positions of
This book examines the European vocation and achievements of Pierre Werner (1913-2002), former Pr... more This book examines the European vocation and achievements of Pierre Werner (1913-2002), former Prime Minister, Finance Minister and Foreign Minister of Luxembourg, unanimously recognized as one of the architects of the Economic and Monetary Union. The author makes extensive use of Pierre Werner's previously unpublished archives belonging to the Werner family, opened for the first time for research purposes. The book analyses the Werner Report, negotiations within the Werner Committee, the emergence of the Committee's views on EMU, their political commitment to a European currency, the similarities and differences between their ideas, their personal networks, the influence of the states they represented, their theoretical and methodological input and their contribution to the political consensus. Chapters shed new light on various aspects of the European integration process and also on the role of Luxembourg and its European policy. In addition, the author has carried out a series of original interviews with Luxembourg and European figures who share their memories and thoughts concerning Pierre Werner, his achievements and his views on the European integration process, and also other topics such as the Economic and Monetary Union and Luxembourg's European policy. This book will be of interest and value to researchers, EU policy makers and students in the fields of political economy, political science, economic history and history of economic thought.
Although the idea of Europe dates back to ancient times and was crystallised in the Enlightenment... more Although the idea of Europe dates back to ancient times and was crystallised in the Enlightenment, the plan for European unification emerged in the second half of the 20th century as a consequence of an economic process based on a single market and a single currency. European integration is therefore a recent chapter in the history of Europe, one which has been written before our very eyes, but it remains fragmented into disparate national histories. In the 21st century, those writing the history of Europe find themselves confronted with a threefold challenge: they must meet the demands of the digital age, adjust to the paradigm shift within the historical discipline and navigate the geopolitical upheavals that the continent has been experiencing since 1989 (the fall of communism; the enlargement of the European Union; the many crises the EU has faced, including Brexit; the divide between institutions and citizens; the socio-economic consequences of the global crisis, including the COVID-19 health crisis; the new nature of transatlantic relations, etc.)
PODCAST: The budget of the European Union has three pillars: its expenditure, its financing and i... more PODCAST: The budget of the European Union has three pillars: its expenditure, its financing and its audit. The podcast "The Monster under the Bed" looks at the origins of the budget, its development through multiannual planning and annual budgeting, and the institutions involved in its financing, adoption, control and in the audit process. Since the creation of the European Coal and Steal Community (ECSC) in 1952, there has been a tension over budgeting among the European institutions and the Member States, and a close link between reforms to expenditure and those to the financing
The creation of the euro area in 1999 and the subsequent introduction of the euro as a common cur... more The creation of the euro area in 1999 and the subsequent introduction of the euro as a common currency in 2002 were results of a long process of preparation that went back as far as 1947. On the basis of original documents stored in archives in several European countries, this book traces and explains the discussions in the formative years of both the ideas for a monetary union and of the European integration process as such. Its contents reveals that the basic issue to be resolved has remained the same over time: how to organize effective monetary cooperation between ultimately sovereign states. The result of an international cooperative effort of two research institutes, Huygens ING from the Netherlands and the Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe from Luxembourg, this is the first book to appear on this topic that combines official documents with in-depth archival sources.
La coopération transfrontalière en Europe émerge dans les années 1960, dans le cadre de jumelages... more La coopération transfrontalière en Europe émerge dans les années 1960, dans le cadre de jumelages entre municipalités et sur la toile de fond marqué par la construction de la Communauté économique européenne (CEE). Elle se développera sous l’impulsion du Conseil de l’Europe – qui promouvra les relations de bon voisinage entre les autorités locales des États concernés, et de la CEE – qui mettra en place un système d’accords de coopération transfrontalière entre les pays communautaires, ainsi qu’avec les pays voisins. La convention-cadre européenne sur la coopération transfrontalière entre collectivités ou autorités territoriales (la « Convention de Madrid ») a été signée par les États membres du Conseil de l’Europe le 25 mai 1980. Son texte a été renforcé par deux protocoles additionnels dédiés à la coopération transfrontalière (en 1995) et interterritoriale (en 1998). [...
We are very grateful for our funders' support over the years, which has made this venture possibl... more We are very grateful for our funders' support over the years, which has made this venture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/v-dem-institute/funders The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect an official position of the V-Dem Project or the V-Dem Steering Committee. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) produces the largest global dataset on democracy with some 27 million data points for 202 countries from 1789 to 2018. Involving over 3,000 scholars and other country experts, V-Dem measures hundreds of different attributes of democracy. V-Dem enables new ways to study the nature, causes, and consequences of democracy embracing its multiple meanings.
The experts were supposed to exercise their role in an individual capacity and in full independen... more The experts were supposed to exercise their role in an individual capacity and in full independence, but their reactions increasingly reflected the positions of
This book examines the European vocation and achievements of Pierre Werner (1913-2002), former Pr... more This book examines the European vocation and achievements of Pierre Werner (1913-2002), former Prime Minister, Finance Minister and Foreign Minister of Luxembourg, unanimously recognized as one of the architects of the Economic and Monetary Union. The author makes extensive use of Pierre Werner's previously unpublished archives belonging to the Werner family, opened for the first time for research purposes. The book analyses the Werner Report, negotiations within the Werner Committee, the emergence of the Committee's views on EMU, their political commitment to a European currency, the similarities and differences between their ideas, their personal networks, the influence of the states they represented, their theoretical and methodological input and their contribution to the political consensus. Chapters shed new light on various aspects of the European integration process and also on the role of Luxembourg and its European policy. In addition, the author has carried out a series of original interviews with Luxembourg and European figures who share their memories and thoughts concerning Pierre Werner, his achievements and his views on the European integration process, and also other topics such as the Economic and Monetary Union and Luxembourg's European policy. This book will be of interest and value to researchers, EU policy makers and students in the fields of political economy, political science, economic history and history of economic thought.
Although the idea of Europe dates back to ancient times and was crystallised in the Enlightenment... more Although the idea of Europe dates back to ancient times and was crystallised in the Enlightenment, the plan for European unification emerged in the second half of the 20th century as a consequence of an economic process based on a single market and a single currency. European integration is therefore a recent chapter in the history of Europe, one which has been written before our very eyes, but it remains fragmented into disparate national histories. In the 21st century, those writing the history of Europe find themselves confronted with a threefold challenge: they must meet the demands of the digital age, adjust to the paradigm shift within the historical discipline and navigate the geopolitical upheavals that the continent has been experiencing since 1989 (the fall of communism; the enlargement of the European Union; the many crises the EU has faced, including Brexit; the divide between institutions and citizens; the socio-economic consequences of the global crisis, including the COVID-19 health crisis; the new nature of transatlantic relations, etc.)
PODCAST: The budget of the European Union has three pillars: its expenditure, its financing and i... more PODCAST: The budget of the European Union has three pillars: its expenditure, its financing and its audit. The podcast "The Monster under the Bed" looks at the origins of the budget, its development through multiannual planning and annual budgeting, and the institutions involved in its financing, adoption, control and in the audit process. Since the creation of the European Coal and Steal Community (ECSC) in 1952, there has been a tension over budgeting among the European institutions and the Member States, and a close link between reforms to expenditure and those to the financing
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