This short essay focuses on the question of transnationalizing the public sphere by elaborating N... more This short essay focuses on the question of transnationalizing the public sphere by elaborating Nancy Fraser's critique of the theory of the public sphere from Westphalian to Postwestphalian age. In part 1, I will sketch Habermas's account of the public sphere and elaborate Nancy Fraser's revision and development of it in Westphalian age. By relating social equality to participatory parity and making a distinction between weak and strong publics, Fraser develops the emancipatory force of the public-sphere theory according to its own principles. In part 2, I am going to articulate Fraser's academic efforts to salvage the critical and democratic force of the theory of public sphere in Postwestphalian age by interpreting inclusiveness condition and efficacy condition and point out its existing social preconditions. In part 3, I will try to respond to the deepening crisis of the public-sphere theory.
This paper serves as an effort to fill the gap in contemporary Confucian political theory by prop... more This paper serves as an effort to fill the gap in contemporary Confucian political theory by proposing a Confucian version of restricted suffrage. Although Bai and Chan make a strong case against political equality in principle, they uncritically maintain universal suffrage for electing local parliament and the lower democratic house. As Kim notices, none of these meritocrats offer sophisticated accounts of what the next is after they reject universal suffrage (Kim, 2022, p. 10). That is, Bai and Chan fail to offer any thoughtful thinking on what the voting would look like in their Confucian meritocracy.
This short essay focuses on the question of transnationalizing the public sphere by elaborating N... more This short essay focuses on the question of transnationalizing the public sphere by elaborating Nancy Fraser's critique of the theory of the public sphere from Westphalian to Postwestphalian age. In part 1, I will sketch Habermas's account of the public sphere and elaborate Nancy Fraser's revision and development of it in Westphalian age. By relating social equality to participatory parity and making a distinction between weak and strong publics, Fraser develops the emancipatory force of the public-sphere theory according to its own principles. In part 2, I am going to articulate Fraser's academic efforts to salvage the critical and democratic force of the theory of public sphere in Postwestphalian age by interpreting inclusiveness condition and efficacy condition and point out its existing social preconditions. In part 3, I will try to respond to the deepening crisis of the public-sphere theory.
This paper serves as an effort to fill the gap in contemporary Confucian political theory by prop... more This paper serves as an effort to fill the gap in contemporary Confucian political theory by proposing a Confucian version of restricted suffrage. Although Bai and Chan make a strong case against political equality in principle, they uncritically maintain universal suffrage for electing local parliament and the lower democratic house. As Kim notices, none of these meritocrats offer sophisticated accounts of what the next is after they reject universal suffrage (Kim, 2022, p. 10). That is, Bai and Chan fail to offer any thoughtful thinking on what the voting would look like in their Confucian meritocracy.
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