International Journal of Fruit Science, Dec 30, 2019
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of exogenous jasmonic acid and abscisic acid,... more The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of exogenous jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, at different salinity regimes, on primary and secondary metabolic changes in ʻKurdistanʼ and ʻQueen Elisaʼ strawberry leaves. To this end, strawberry plants were induced by gradual NaCl salinity (10 mmol•L -1 ) and shock salinity. The plants were sprayed with ABA (40 mmol•L -1 ) and JA treatments up to 40 mmol•L -1 . In both cultivars, salt shock stress significantly enhanced the total antioxidant capacity, though the JA treatment outperformed the ABA treatment. Increasing JA level in the presence of ABA resulted in downswing in total phenolic content (6.42% in ʻKurdistanʼ and 23.13% in ʻQueen Elisaʼ) and antioxidant capacity (12.9% in ʻKurdistanʼ and 17.7% in ʻQueen Elisaʼ) at non-saline conditions. Adding both hormonesresulted in a 20.82% increase in total phenolic content and a 17.86% increase in total antioxidant capacity in 'Kurdistan' at gradual salt stress; however, in ʻQueen Elisaʼ, the same treatment resulted in 21.98% increase in total phenol and 11.92% increase in total antioxidant capacity at salt shock. Salt shock induced tyrosine increase and both hormones enhanced asparagine, alanine, histidine, and GABA contents in ʻQueen Elisaʼ. The study reveals that the applation of abscisic acid along with different jasmonic acid concentrations activates the protective mechanism of the strawberry plant against NaCl stress. Further studies are needed to compare the exact salt stress tolerance mechanisms for these cultivars.
International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 2016
Tel.:+255 754 298946 The study examined opportunities and constraints on organic fruit growers in... more Tel.:+255 754 298946 The study examined opportunities and constraints on organic fruit growers in Madeke, Kiwangwa and Mwanambaya villages located in Njombe, Bagamoyo and Mkuranga districts respectively. In these villages, farmers are producing various organic fruits, including mango, pineapple and passion fruits as source of income in household. Interviews 120 were conducted to collect information and gather views from the farmers on the actual situation concerning potential of organic fruit production. Results: More than 70% of respondents mentioned their main activity being agriculture and it is the major source of livelihoods. Among the agricultural practices used by farmers were intercropping and crop rotation in farmers’ fields. The study revealed that farmers could achieve twice as much of their benefit per acre on pineapple compared to mango and passion fruits production. High organic certification cost, lack of capital and post-harvest losses were mentioned to be the major ...
About 35% of global crop production arises from crop species that benefit from animal pollination... more About 35% of global crop production arises from crop species that benefit from animal pollination, especially by insects. Animal pollination can enhance yields and increase fruit quality, but the effects of insect pollination on pre-and post-harvest fruit physiology and quality are largely unknown. For the first time, we analysed in much detail the physiological responses of fruit development and marketable quality improvements to different pollination treatments such as self-pollination, open-pollination and hand-pollination. In strawberries, self-pollination led to reduced seed set (fertilized achenes), reduced concentration of the phytohormone auxin, highest share of deformed fruits (> 90%), smallest and lightest fruits, considerably lower commercial value (8% of the value of open-or hand-pollinated fruits), and reduced shelf life of fruits. Overall, insect pollination increased the average commercial value of marketable fruits by 92%. The commercial value of hand-pollinated and openpollinated strawberries did not differ. We conclude that pollination services are not merely important for yield, but also vital for physiological processes that result in better marketable quality (e.g. fruit appearance, flavourenhancing constituents, prolonged shelf life) and commercial value of many pollinator-dependent crops.
European Food Research and Technology, Feb 16, 2010
The eVect of the fungal infection by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum of emmer and whea... more The eVect of the fungal infection by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum of emmer and wheat cultivars on their total protein content and the protein fractions albumins + globulins, gliadins and glutenins and their diVerent protein types was investigated. In addition, the inXuence of two diVerent locations on the quantitative protein composition was evaluated. The results showed that Fusarium infection changed the content of gliadins and glutenins in emmer and wheat. The wheat glutenin fractions and types were found to be more strongly aVected by the Fusarium spp. infection than the glutenin fractions and types in emmer cultivars in spite of the wheat's lower degree of infection. The nitrogen supply at the two locations was associated with an increase in the gliadin content in emmer and an increase in the glutenin content in emmer and wheat. Nitrogen availability, a factor which promotes gene expression, resulted here in a species-speciWc eVect on the gliadin/glutenin ratio. Keywords Emmer • Fusarium • Fusarium protein units (FPU) • ELISA • Deoxynivalenol • LC-MS/MS Abbreviations ALG Albumins and globulins FPU Fusarium protein units HMW-GS High molecular weight glutenin subunits LMW-GS Low molecular weight glutenin subunits PR proteins Pathogenesis-related proteins p SigniWcance factor RT Room temperature TFA TriXuoroacetic acid
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2020
Tomatoes are an important source of beneficial phytochemicals, which act as antioxidants. These i... more Tomatoes are an important source of beneficial phytochemicals, which act as antioxidants. These include ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The concentration of antioxidants is influenced, among others, by abiotic stress factors like nutritional status. Potassium (K) is a macronutrient, which is essential for several physiological functions in plants − for example, translocation of assimilates, activation of enzymes, maintenance of turgescence, and stomata regulation. This study aims to investigate the effect of increasing K fertilization on the concentration of antioxidants in cocktail tomatoes. Therefore, two tomato cultivars (Primavera and Resi) grown in an outdoor pot experiment were fertilized with increasing K doses for two consecutive years. It has been confirmed that antioxidants in tomato fruit can be affected by the K regime, but it is also shown that other factors may reduce or even reverse those effects when cultivation takes place in an uncontrolled outdoor environment. The most consistent K fertilization effects were found for naringenin, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid. However, the enrichment of tomatoes with antioxidants by K fertilization is cultivar-dependent and therefore general statements should be avoided.
The fungal infection of emmer grain (Triticum dicoccum) with Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium cu... more The fungal infection of emmer grain (Triticum dicoccum) with Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum was investigated at the level of the proteome. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins that were differentially expressed in response to fungal infection of emmer. Moreover, the effects of natural field conditions at two locations on the carbon and nitrogen contents and the mycotoxin concentration of emmer grains were evaluated. Inoculation of emmer with a mixture of the two Fusarium species led to infection of the ears, with deoxynivalenol concentrations up to 10 mg kg)1 in the grain. Carbon concentration and crude protein content were not significantly changed, but 10 distinct proteins changed in abundance. Stress-related proteins, such as a serine protease inhibitor, a thaumatin-like protein that reduced fungal growth and the starch hydrolysis b-amylase increased upon infection, whereas the stress-related proteins peroxidase, peroxiredoxin, a starch-synthesis protein (a glycosyltransferase) and a fungal cell wall degrading protein (a chitinase) decreased. Furthermore, levels of three storage proteins in emmer grains were affected by Fusarium infection: a-gliadin decreased and two globulins increased upon infection.
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is grown in the irrigated areas in upper-north of Thailand. The most wid... more Soybean (Glycine max L.) is grown in the irrigated areas in upper-north of Thailand. The most widely planted cultivar is Chiangmai 60 (CM60) which has cultivation limitation in that seed may not germinate or seed rot may occur if planted in clay loam soil and water logged condition. Therefore, this experiment was done to identify factors influencing on water absorption or imbibition degree and investigate imbibition pattern before seed germination process. 5 varieties of soybean seeds, seed coat thickness before soaking as well as protein and lipid content of the seeds were determined. Seed weight before and after soaking were measured. After soaking, the coats from the seeds were picked out and dried and re-soaked for 12 hours for imbibition and then seed weight were measured. Measurements were also made to evaluate changes in seed length due to cell expansion after imbibition in closed and un-closed seed. This study found that the thickest seed coat occurred in SJ5 variety whereas that of CM60 was slightly thinner. At first stage of imbibition (within first 5 hours of soaking) water enters the seed in relatively high and steady rate. At the following stage (between 5 and 12 hrs.), the imbibition process slow down and seed reaches almost full capacity of hydration. In the initial stage of imbibition ,the water absorption rates were similar in every line but CM60 variety had the highest concentration of water. This evidence probably result in higher protein contents in CM60 compared with others varieties which absorbed more water for metabolism process before germination. Moreover, its thicker seed coat allowed better water absorption. In this study, hilum and micropyle were found as important parts of the seed for the water entry in soybean seed.
... Application of Eugenol for Coating Soybean Seeds as Fungal Control UNTIKA SAWATWANICH ,PITIPO... more ... Application of Eugenol for Coating Soybean Seeds as Fungal Control UNTIKA SAWATWANICH ,PITIPONG THOBUNLUEPOP , SRISULAK DHEERANUPATTANA 1 , CHAIWAT ... M S n seeds samples was studied by the agar plate technique of ISTA (2006). ...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of applied botany and food quality, Sep 11, 2015
Contamination of grain with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) is the major threat after Fus... more Contamination of grain with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) is the major threat after Fusarium head blight (FHB) infection of wheat; however technological quality can also be impaired. The European Union has established maximum levels (ML) of DON for wheat grain and foodstuffs. The composition (starch, gluten proteins) and quality (protein content, sedimentation value, wet gluten, water absorption, mixing properties of dough, baking volume) of 72 flour Type 550 samples from two years either fulfilling or exceeding ML of 0.75 mg kg-1 were investigated. DON content of flours ranged widely from below limit of quantification to 11.84 mg kg-1. Aside from a slight loss of loaf shape in flours highly exceeding ML, no negative effect on composition and quality of flour was observed in flours exceeding ML compared to those fulfilling ML. A significant decrease in total glutenin and LMW-GS content did not correlate with any quality trait. Hence, if flours fulfill ML for DON, reduced technological quality due to FHB is not significant.
International Journal of Fruit Science, Dec 30, 2019
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of exogenous jasmonic acid and abscisic acid,... more The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of exogenous jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, at different salinity regimes, on primary and secondary metabolic changes in ʻKurdistanʼ and ʻQueen Elisaʼ strawberry leaves. To this end, strawberry plants were induced by gradual NaCl salinity (10 mmol•L -1 ) and shock salinity. The plants were sprayed with ABA (40 mmol•L -1 ) and JA treatments up to 40 mmol•L -1 . In both cultivars, salt shock stress significantly enhanced the total antioxidant capacity, though the JA treatment outperformed the ABA treatment. Increasing JA level in the presence of ABA resulted in downswing in total phenolic content (6.42% in ʻKurdistanʼ and 23.13% in ʻQueen Elisaʼ) and antioxidant capacity (12.9% in ʻKurdistanʼ and 17.7% in ʻQueen Elisaʼ) at non-saline conditions. Adding both hormonesresulted in a 20.82% increase in total phenolic content and a 17.86% increase in total antioxidant capacity in 'Kurdistan' at gradual salt stress; however, in ʻQueen Elisaʼ, the same treatment resulted in 21.98% increase in total phenol and 11.92% increase in total antioxidant capacity at salt shock. Salt shock induced tyrosine increase and both hormones enhanced asparagine, alanine, histidine, and GABA contents in ʻQueen Elisaʼ. The study reveals that the applation of abscisic acid along with different jasmonic acid concentrations activates the protective mechanism of the strawberry plant against NaCl stress. Further studies are needed to compare the exact salt stress tolerance mechanisms for these cultivars.
International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, 2016
Tel.:+255 754 298946 The study examined opportunities and constraints on organic fruit growers in... more Tel.:+255 754 298946 The study examined opportunities and constraints on organic fruit growers in Madeke, Kiwangwa and Mwanambaya villages located in Njombe, Bagamoyo and Mkuranga districts respectively. In these villages, farmers are producing various organic fruits, including mango, pineapple and passion fruits as source of income in household. Interviews 120 were conducted to collect information and gather views from the farmers on the actual situation concerning potential of organic fruit production. Results: More than 70% of respondents mentioned their main activity being agriculture and it is the major source of livelihoods. Among the agricultural practices used by farmers were intercropping and crop rotation in farmers’ fields. The study revealed that farmers could achieve twice as much of their benefit per acre on pineapple compared to mango and passion fruits production. High organic certification cost, lack of capital and post-harvest losses were mentioned to be the major ...
About 35% of global crop production arises from crop species that benefit from animal pollination... more About 35% of global crop production arises from crop species that benefit from animal pollination, especially by insects. Animal pollination can enhance yields and increase fruit quality, but the effects of insect pollination on pre-and post-harvest fruit physiology and quality are largely unknown. For the first time, we analysed in much detail the physiological responses of fruit development and marketable quality improvements to different pollination treatments such as self-pollination, open-pollination and hand-pollination. In strawberries, self-pollination led to reduced seed set (fertilized achenes), reduced concentration of the phytohormone auxin, highest share of deformed fruits (> 90%), smallest and lightest fruits, considerably lower commercial value (8% of the value of open-or hand-pollinated fruits), and reduced shelf life of fruits. Overall, insect pollination increased the average commercial value of marketable fruits by 92%. The commercial value of hand-pollinated and openpollinated strawberries did not differ. We conclude that pollination services are not merely important for yield, but also vital for physiological processes that result in better marketable quality (e.g. fruit appearance, flavourenhancing constituents, prolonged shelf life) and commercial value of many pollinator-dependent crops.
European Food Research and Technology, Feb 16, 2010
The eVect of the fungal infection by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum of emmer and whea... more The eVect of the fungal infection by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum of emmer and wheat cultivars on their total protein content and the protein fractions albumins + globulins, gliadins and glutenins and their diVerent protein types was investigated. In addition, the inXuence of two diVerent locations on the quantitative protein composition was evaluated. The results showed that Fusarium infection changed the content of gliadins and glutenins in emmer and wheat. The wheat glutenin fractions and types were found to be more strongly aVected by the Fusarium spp. infection than the glutenin fractions and types in emmer cultivars in spite of the wheat's lower degree of infection. The nitrogen supply at the two locations was associated with an increase in the gliadin content in emmer and an increase in the glutenin content in emmer and wheat. Nitrogen availability, a factor which promotes gene expression, resulted here in a species-speciWc eVect on the gliadin/glutenin ratio. Keywords Emmer • Fusarium • Fusarium protein units (FPU) • ELISA • Deoxynivalenol • LC-MS/MS Abbreviations ALG Albumins and globulins FPU Fusarium protein units HMW-GS High molecular weight glutenin subunits LMW-GS Low molecular weight glutenin subunits PR proteins Pathogenesis-related proteins p SigniWcance factor RT Room temperature TFA TriXuoroacetic acid
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2020
Tomatoes are an important source of beneficial phytochemicals, which act as antioxidants. These i... more Tomatoes are an important source of beneficial phytochemicals, which act as antioxidants. These include ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The concentration of antioxidants is influenced, among others, by abiotic stress factors like nutritional status. Potassium (K) is a macronutrient, which is essential for several physiological functions in plants − for example, translocation of assimilates, activation of enzymes, maintenance of turgescence, and stomata regulation. This study aims to investigate the effect of increasing K fertilization on the concentration of antioxidants in cocktail tomatoes. Therefore, two tomato cultivars (Primavera and Resi) grown in an outdoor pot experiment were fertilized with increasing K doses for two consecutive years. It has been confirmed that antioxidants in tomato fruit can be affected by the K regime, but it is also shown that other factors may reduce or even reverse those effects when cultivation takes place in an uncontrolled outdoor environment. The most consistent K fertilization effects were found for naringenin, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid. However, the enrichment of tomatoes with antioxidants by K fertilization is cultivar-dependent and therefore general statements should be avoided.
The fungal infection of emmer grain (Triticum dicoccum) with Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium cu... more The fungal infection of emmer grain (Triticum dicoccum) with Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum was investigated at the level of the proteome. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins that were differentially expressed in response to fungal infection of emmer. Moreover, the effects of natural field conditions at two locations on the carbon and nitrogen contents and the mycotoxin concentration of emmer grains were evaluated. Inoculation of emmer with a mixture of the two Fusarium species led to infection of the ears, with deoxynivalenol concentrations up to 10 mg kg)1 in the grain. Carbon concentration and crude protein content were not significantly changed, but 10 distinct proteins changed in abundance. Stress-related proteins, such as a serine protease inhibitor, a thaumatin-like protein that reduced fungal growth and the starch hydrolysis b-amylase increased upon infection, whereas the stress-related proteins peroxidase, peroxiredoxin, a starch-synthesis protein (a glycosyltransferase) and a fungal cell wall degrading protein (a chitinase) decreased. Furthermore, levels of three storage proteins in emmer grains were affected by Fusarium infection: a-gliadin decreased and two globulins increased upon infection.
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is grown in the irrigated areas in upper-north of Thailand. The most wid... more Soybean (Glycine max L.) is grown in the irrigated areas in upper-north of Thailand. The most widely planted cultivar is Chiangmai 60 (CM60) which has cultivation limitation in that seed may not germinate or seed rot may occur if planted in clay loam soil and water logged condition. Therefore, this experiment was done to identify factors influencing on water absorption or imbibition degree and investigate imbibition pattern before seed germination process. 5 varieties of soybean seeds, seed coat thickness before soaking as well as protein and lipid content of the seeds were determined. Seed weight before and after soaking were measured. After soaking, the coats from the seeds were picked out and dried and re-soaked for 12 hours for imbibition and then seed weight were measured. Measurements were also made to evaluate changes in seed length due to cell expansion after imbibition in closed and un-closed seed. This study found that the thickest seed coat occurred in SJ5 variety whereas that of CM60 was slightly thinner. At first stage of imbibition (within first 5 hours of soaking) water enters the seed in relatively high and steady rate. At the following stage (between 5 and 12 hrs.), the imbibition process slow down and seed reaches almost full capacity of hydration. In the initial stage of imbibition ,the water absorption rates were similar in every line but CM60 variety had the highest concentration of water. This evidence probably result in higher protein contents in CM60 compared with others varieties which absorbed more water for metabolism process before germination. Moreover, its thicker seed coat allowed better water absorption. In this study, hilum and micropyle were found as important parts of the seed for the water entry in soybean seed.
... Application of Eugenol for Coating Soybean Seeds as Fungal Control UNTIKA SAWATWANICH ,PITIPO... more ... Application of Eugenol for Coating Soybean Seeds as Fungal Control UNTIKA SAWATWANICH ,PITIPONG THOBUNLUEPOP , SRISULAK DHEERANUPATTANA 1 , CHAIWAT ... M S n seeds samples was studied by the agar plate technique of ISTA (2006). ...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of applied botany and food quality, Sep 11, 2015
Contamination of grain with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) is the major threat after Fus... more Contamination of grain with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) is the major threat after Fusarium head blight (FHB) infection of wheat; however technological quality can also be impaired. The European Union has established maximum levels (ML) of DON for wheat grain and foodstuffs. The composition (starch, gluten proteins) and quality (protein content, sedimentation value, wet gluten, water absorption, mixing properties of dough, baking volume) of 72 flour Type 550 samples from two years either fulfilling or exceeding ML of 0.75 mg kg-1 were investigated. DON content of flours ranged widely from below limit of quantification to 11.84 mg kg-1. Aside from a slight loss of loaf shape in flours highly exceeding ML, no negative effect on composition and quality of flour was observed in flours exceeding ML compared to those fulfilling ML. A significant decrease in total glutenin and LMW-GS content did not correlate with any quality trait. Hence, if flours fulfill ML for DON, reduced technological quality due to FHB is not significant.
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