Eberhard Schnebel

Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Economics and Business Administration, Faculty Member

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Eberhard Schnebel is a philosopher, economist and theologian. He received his PhD in 1995 from the Faculty of Theology of the LMU in Munich and his habilitation in 2013 at the Faculty of Philosophy of the LMU. His work combines Theory of Action, System-Theory and Ethics as foundations for responsibility in business and management.

He is teaching Business Ethics at Goethe University in Frankfurt since 2013. Since 2016 he is developing "Digital Ethics" to integrate ethical communication structures into design processes of digitization and Artificial Intelligence.

He is a member of the Executive Committee of the "European Business Ethics Network" (EBEN). This network is engaged in the establishment of a common European understanding of ethics as prerequisite for a converging European economy.

Eberhard Schnebel works full-time at Commerzbank AG, Group Risk Management, where he led the project "Data Ethics / Digital Ethics" to establish aspects of corporate ethics regarding digitalization, Big Data and AI in the financial industry. Prior to that, he led the project "Business Ethics and Finance Ethics" to introduce ethics as a tool for increasing management efficiency and accountability.

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Papers by Eberhard Schnebel

Hoffnungsträger Ethik

VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks, 1997

Rationalität in Organisationen: Entscheidungen, Routinen und soziale Kontexte als Grundriss einer Theorie organisationalen Handelns

Handeln in Organisationen betrachten wir als individuelles Handeln, das sich uber die Rationalita... more Handeln in Organisationen betrachten wir als individuelles Handeln, das sich uber die Rationalitat von Routinen und abgegrenzten Kontexten effektiver ausgestaltet, als wenn sich der individuelle Akteur um alle Details standig neu kummern muss (Weber 1922a). Innerhalb der Routinen und Kontexte kommt es jedoch zur aktiven Auseinandersetzung des Individuums mit den Bedingungen seiner sozialen Umwelt. Uber organisatorische Strukturen werden soziale Beziehungen wahrgenommen, die pragend fur die individuellen Handlungen sind (Dewey 1922; Mead 1925; Parsons und Shils 1951b).

Values in Decision-Making Processes: Systematic Structures of J. Habermas and N. Luhmann for the Appreciation of Responsibility in Leadership

Springer eBooks, 2000

Ethical Leadership" in modern multicultural corporations is first the consideration of different ... more Ethical Leadership" in modern multicultural corporations is first the consideration of different personal and cultural value systems in decision-making processes. Second, it is the assignment of responsibility either to individual or organisational causalities. The task of this study is to set the stage for a distinction between rational entities and the arbitrary preferences of individuals in economic decision making processes. Defining rational aspects of behaviour in economics will lead to the formal structures of organisational systems, which are independent of concrete but varying "values". Luhmann's "Theory of systems of communication" describes the internal dynamic forces of economic communication processes in terms of formal structures. On the other hand Habermas' "Theory of discourse" integrates the previous relationship between individual subjectivity and rational behaviour. Habermas gives an indication of how to separate subjective values and meaning from rational arguments in rational communication processes. The translation of these theoretical structures into practical applications for decision making processes and decision taking acts links the ethical, or valueoriented, context precisely to both individual and organisational areas of responsibility.

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Cultural differences of values-driven management: the value-management programmes of the General Electric Company and Siemens AG

Normative Verständigung im Management: Personale Bindungsmechanismen und Commitments als Kern der Wirtschaftsethik im Management

Organisationale Akteure sind individuelle Akteure. Sie arbeiten arbeitsteilig in institutionellen... more Organisationale Akteure sind individuelle Akteure. Sie arbeiten arbeitsteilig in institutionellen, also in organisatorischen und regelgebundenen Funktionszusammenhangen. Dadurch verliert ihre Tatigkeit jedoch den ganzheitlichen Sinnbezug: Die organisationalen Akteure verstehen die organisatorischen Auswirkungen ihrer Handlungen nicht, sondern orientieren sich lediglich am organisationalen Handlungsbezug, also an der Sinnstruktur ihrer jeweiligen Handlung. Sie mussen ihre Rolle in den Handlungselementen, in denen sie aktiv sind, entsprechend der dort bestehenden Kommunikation weiterfuhren.

On Assessing Trustworthy AI in Healthcare. Machine Learning as a Supportive Tool to Recognize Cardiac Arrest in Emergency Calls

Frontiers in human dynamics, Jul 8, 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly improve the delivery of healthcare and ... more Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly improve the delivery of healthcare and other services that advance population health and wellbeing. However, the use of AI in healthcare also brings potential risks that may cause unintended harm. To guide future developments in AI, the High-Level Expert Group on AI set up by the European Commission

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Organisationale Handlungen als naturalistische Elemente einer Wirtschafts- und Ordnungsethik im Management

Am Kulminationspunkt zwischen einer strukturellen Ordnungsethik, die vorrangig die “Spielregeln” ... more Am Kulminationspunkt zwischen einer strukturellen Ordnungsethik, die vorrangig die “Spielregeln” gestaltet (vgl. von Broock, 2012, S. 32f; Homann 2014), und einer Handlungsmoral auf der Ebene der “Spielzuge”, die sich vorrangig an den individuellen Haltungen und Tugenden orientiert (vgl. Nida-Rumelin 2011a; 2011b), werden soziale Elemente sichtbar, die in einer Wirtschaftsethik als Restriktionen berucksichtigt werden mussen: Situationsabhangige, individuelle Praferenzen, die von verschiedenen Kommunikationssystemen abhangig sind, innerhalb derer die Akteure konkret agieren.

Fair retail banking : how to prevent mis-selling by banks

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Jul 6, 2016

Mis-selling by banks has occurred repeatedly in many nations over the last decade. While clients ... more Mis-selling by banks has occurred repeatedly in many nations over the last decade. While clients may benefit from competition-enabling them to choose financial services at lowest costs-economic frictions between banks and clients may give rise to mis-selling. Examples of mis-selling are mis-representation of information, overly complex product design and non-customized advice. European regulators address the problem of mis-selling in the "Markets in Financial Instruments Directive" (MiFID) I and II and the "Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation" (MiFIR), by setting behavioral requirements for banks, regulating the compensation of employees, and imposing requirements on offered financial products and disclosure rules. We argue that MiFID II protects clients but is not as effective as it could be. (1) It does not differentiate between client groups with different levels of financial literacy. Effective advice requires different advice for different client groups. (2) MiFID II uses too many rules and too many instruments to achieve identical goals and thereby generates excessive compliance costs. High compliance costs and low revenues would drive banks out of some segments of retail business.

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Tangible Ethics: Commitments in Business Organisations

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Implementing Ethics in Business Organizations

Journal of Business Ethics, Aug 1, 2004

In view of the scope and scale of the latest scandals, e.g. Enron's maximum breaking bankruptcy, ... more In view of the scope and scale of the latest scandals, e.g. Enron's maximum breaking bankruptcy, the re-discovery of ethics in business has received an impressive boost. By now even car salesmen have written ethics, ''a Code of Conduct'', e.g. in the USA or Poland. But there is no clear aim of the role ethics obtains in organizational settings as we may show in some small cases of practical approaches to deal with ethics in organizations. We discuss how ethics is the prerequisite to conduct any business and what advantages may be realized if a clear set of ethics is followed. We will discuss three practical examples. In cases of ethics-based valuesadded management of Siemens (Germany), Boeing (U.S.) and SAP (Germany) we explain the mechanisms of ethics in management to strengthen organizational success. We emphasize the importance of clear ethics-related communication processes in organizations. We explain the use of communication theories inside organizational processes to clarify communication about such an abstract topic as ethics. Finally, we point out how a management of ethical ideas and cultural values should be designed in business enterprises.

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Kalkül und Intervention im Management: Individuelle Präferenzen, kommunikative Orientierung und Ethik organisationalen Handelns

Handlungen in Organisationen, oder genauer Handlungen mit organisatorischer Relevanz, konnen als ... more Handlungen in Organisationen, oder genauer Handlungen mit organisatorischer Relevanz, konnen als Teile einer arbeitsteiligen Sequenz beschrieben werden, die letztendlich der erfolgreichen Fortfuhrung von Entscheidungen in Organisationen sicherstellt. Wenn diese Handlungen auf die Aspekte des jeweiligen Schritts fokussiert sind, konnen wir sie als organisationale Handlungen bezeichnen – im Gegensatz zu organisatorischen Handlungen, die immer die gesamten Belange einer Organisation im Blick haben.

Finance as Public Good for Sustainability

Green and Social Economy Finance - A Review, 2021

To support environmental sustainability issues with credit, finance must predict expectable cash ... more To support environmental sustainability issues with credit, finance must predict expectable cash flows and related risks. Finance has to translate environmental scarcities into its own intrinsic codes for risk measurements and interest rates. This requires a clear understanding of its characteristics as a system of communication and its terms for intrinsic sustainability. These systemic properties help to integrate system-external dynamics of sustainability into financial communication.

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Kalkül und Intervention im Management: Individuelle Präferenzen, kommunikative Orientierung und Ethik organisationalen Handelns

Wirtschaftsethik im Management, 2017

Organisationale Handlungen als naturalistische Elemente einer Wirtschafts- und Ordnungsethik im Management

Wirtschaftsethik im Management, 2017

Finance as Public Good for Sustainability

Rationalität in Organisationen: Entscheidungen, Routinen und soziale Kontexte als Grundriss einer Theorie organisationalen Handelns

Struktur und Grundprobleme einer Ethik organisationalen Handelns

Die “Theorie rationaler Wahl” (rational choice) nimmt den Menschen universal in den Blick. In ihr... more Die “Theorie rationaler Wahl” (rational choice) nimmt den Menschen universal in den Blick. In ihr entscheidet der handelnde Mensch unter Verwendung der Summe aller Informationen, die fur ihn verfugbar sind. Unterstellt wird ihm eine klare Entscheidungshierarchie: Er hat Ziele, die er auf alle Falle erreichen will; er orientiert sich an Praferenzen, die er bei der Zielverfolgung beachtet; und er macht Zwischenschritte, die er auf dem Weg dahin mehr oder weniger freiwillig abarbeitet.

Risk Management and Business Ethics: Integrating the Human Factor

Risk - A Multidisciplinary Introduction, 2014

Risk is defined differently in different disciplines, its meaning sharing the uncertainty that is... more Risk is defined differently in different disciplines, its meaning sharing the uncertainty that is its essence. This chapter explores “risk” as an active verb, that is, what it means to take risk or to risk, and what it means to manage the risk taking of individuals within the modern corporation. Rather than the usual focus on the well-worn material of the processes and uses of risk measurement and assessment, we explore its ethical aspects, specifically, the conscious decision to take on risk, and its management through incentives that shape organizations’ and individuals’ focus on risk.

Fair Retail Banking: How to Prevent Mis-selling by Banks

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Normative Verständigung im Management: Personale Bindungsmechanismen und Commitments als Kern der Wirtschaftsethik im Management

Hoffnungsträger Ethik

VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks, 1997

Rationalität in Organisationen: Entscheidungen, Routinen und soziale Kontexte als Grundriss einer Theorie organisationalen Handelns

Values in Decision-Making Processes: Systematic Structures of J. Habermas and N. Luhmann for the Appreciation of Responsibility in Leadership

Springer eBooks, 2000

Download

Cultural differences of values-driven management: the value-management programmes of the General Electric Company and Siemens AG

Normative Verständigung im Management: Personale Bindungsmechanismen und Commitments als Kern der Wirtschaftsethik im Management

On Assessing Trustworthy AI in Healthcare. Machine Learning as a Supportive Tool to Recognize Cardiac Arrest in Emergency Calls

Frontiers in human dynamics, Jul 8, 2021

Download

Organisationale Handlungen als naturalistische Elemente einer Wirtschafts- und Ordnungsethik im Management

Fair retail banking : how to prevent mis-selling by banks

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Jul 6, 2016

Download

Tangible Ethics: Commitments in Business Organisations

DESCRIPTION

Implementing Ethics in Business Organizations

Journal of Business Ethics, Aug 1, 2004

Download

Kalkül und Intervention im Management: Individuelle Präferenzen, kommunikative Orientierung und Ethik organisationalen Handelns

Finance as Public Good for Sustainability

Green and Social Economy Finance - A Review, 2021

Download

Kalkül und Intervention im Management: Individuelle Präferenzen, kommunikative Orientierung und Ethik organisationalen Handelns

Wirtschaftsethik im Management, 2017

Organisationale Handlungen als naturalistische Elemente einer Wirtschafts- und Ordnungsethik im Management

Wirtschaftsethik im Management, 2017

Finance as Public Good for Sustainability

Rationalität in Organisationen: Entscheidungen, Routinen und soziale Kontexte als Grundriss einer Theorie organisationalen Handelns

Struktur und Grundprobleme einer Ethik organisationalen Handelns

Risk Management and Business Ethics: Integrating the Human Factor

Risk - A Multidisciplinary Introduction, 2014

Fair Retail Banking: How to Prevent Mis-selling by Banks

Download

Normative Verständigung im Management: Personale Bindungsmechanismen und Commitments als Kern der Wirtschaftsethik im Management

Eberhard Schnebel Wirtschaftsethik im Management Rationalität und Verantwortung in organisationalen Handlungen

Wirtschaftsethik im Management, 2017

As the starting point of an ethics in management, which methodically draws its normative determin... more As the starting point of an ethics in management, which methodically draws its normative determination from the interactions in management. However, Eberhard Schnebel integrates disjunctive goals into its classical economic understanding with systems theory, pragmatism, and philosophy of language. As a unifying element, he introduces "commitments" for flexible and dynamic communication of expectations for action. The connection between communication systems and institutional economics leads to a new understanding of rational action and new responsibilities in the management of organizations.

The content:
- Structure and basic problems of ethics of organizational action
- Decisions, routines, and social contexts as a basis for organizational action
- Individual preferences and communicative orientation in management
- The normative understanding of commitments as the core of business ethics in management
- Organizational actions as the starting point of an order ethic in management

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Ethical Issues of Digital Finance

Handbook of Applied AI Ethics, 2024

The following article deals with the ethical aspects of Digital Finance. Because Digital Finance ... more The following article deals with the ethical aspects of Digital Finance. Because Digital Finance is transforming the function of finance inside society and its role for business and people, changing issues, new aspects, and differences are in the focus. On the one hand, change of financial transactions follows the continuous historical evolution of the financial system – from a personal-trust focus to an institutional and organisational focus. On the other hand, this change follows current trends from formerly independent systems of economy and fi-nance towards fully intertwined and interconnected processes of daily life. This change re-flects digitisation as penetrating more and more economic, social, and private processes in terms of finance. At the same time, the financial system can now access to almost all pro-cesses of social life and obtain information of social life, whether private or public.

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Eberhard Schnebel

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