In Germany, the recording of the causes of death has had a long tradition and goes back a long ti... more In Germany, the recording of the causes of death has had a long tradition and goes back a long time in history, but remained unsystematic and nonuniform as it was an autonomous matter of the different German states. This article pursues the question of how the cause-of-death statistics developed in Prussia, the largest territorial state of the later German Reich. It is asked how these statistics, organized by the Prussian Statistical Bureau, have been related to the nationwide health policy since the 1870s. The historical development of official statistics in Prussia reveals that it is neither self-evident which information was collected, nor the criteria according to which this was done. Rather, the data actually recorded are the result of complicated negotiation processes between different actors, not only within the statistical offices, but also between the most diverse interest groups from science, politics and the state.
The study examines the relationship between temperature values and precipitation rates as explana... more The study examines the relationship between temperature values and precipitation rates as explanatory variables and the probability of death due to waterborne, airborne, and other diseases in historical urban space. So far, the literature has not been focused on epidemiology of 19th-century Polish urban areas in climatological context. We used individual data on mortality from Poznań parish death registers for 1850-1900. Each deceased individual was assigned the average monthly temperature values and precipitation rates in the month of death, LAG1 temperature and LAG1 rainfall, and a quarter of residence. We studied the relationship between weather conditions and mortality using formalized statistical models reflecting the discrete nature of the response data (via multinomial logistic regression). Lagged monthly average temperature values and lagged monthly average precipitation rates were better predictors of airborne and waterborne disease mortality than the concurrent (non-lagged) monthly averages. The lagged effects of temperature and precipitation on waterborne and airborne diseases were significant (except for the smooth lagged average monthly temperature effect for airborne diseases). There was also significant spatial heterogeneity (differences among city quarters) in the prevalence of deaths due to waterborne and airborne diseases. achievements (clothing, buildings, heating, air conditioning, etc.), have enabled them to cope with climatic stresses and pressures. Meanwhile, more and more researchers have been detecting the existence of a relationship between climate, or more precisely, its components such as temperature and precipitation, and the health status and well-being of humans. When examining the relationship between climate and health, attention is also paid to the consequences of these changes over time. Extreme weather events (heat and cold waves), floods, and droughts lead to changes in the ecology of infectious diseases (Patz et al., 1996), and have a strong impact on changes in health and disease profiles across the world and inhibit the potential for declines in morbidity and mortality (Levy et al., 2018). Climate changes might lead to the emergence of new pathogens, the increased incidence of old pathogens, and/or the re-emergence of infectious diseases (Campbell-Lendrum et al., 2009;
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Volume 41 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023), 2023
Child labour is a controversial issue both in presentday as well as in past societies. in histori... more Child labour is a controversial issue both in presentday as well as in past societies. in historical perspective, studies focus on the factory labour of children during the industrialization process. on the one hand, its contribution to the family income is mentioned as a potential positive effect on the living standard of the whole family, on the other hand reference is made to the permanent health risks for children working in the factories. using qualitative sources, there were contemporary testimonies supporting both views. the present paper, thererfore, uses a rather quantitive approach referring to the number of working days lost due to illness, anthropometric indicators such a height and weight, the results of draft examinations as well as mortality differences and cause-of-death rates from "accidents" in urban and rural areas during the nineteenth century. available data do not provide clear evidence of direct harmful effects of child labour; many indications point to a neutral or even positive effect.
Every historical period has its characteristic epidemic. In the Middle Ages, up to one-third of t... more Every historical period has its characteristic epidemic. In the Middle Ages, up to one-third of the European population died of the plague epidemic called the Black Death (1346 to 1353). Later, cholera, Spanish flu, and AIDS terrified the population. Every epidemic triggered social changes and functioned as a catalyst for developments, which were already taking place. In addition to the often-devastating impact on life and health, epidemics and pandemics hold potential for innovations. The Black Death certainly led to a rising standard of living and is even said to have accelerated the development of printing. In the 19th century, cholera was considered to be a motor of sanitary reforms, such as central water supply and sewerage. The current Sars-CoV-2 pandemic clearly shows that epidemics are still part of human history and not just, as has long been believed, limited to the Global South.
Jörg Vögele – Katharina Schuler, Epidemics, Wars and the Conquest of Cities
in Historical Perspec... more Jörg Vögele – Katharina Schuler, Epidemics, Wars and the Conquest of Cities in Historical Perspective Movements of people lead to the spread of infectious diseases, the history of which is closely tied to the development of the global economy. Another important element are epidemics that break out as the result of wars. From a historical perspective, warfare, military campaigns, and city sieges have claimed countless victims, both soldiers and civilians. Plague, dysentery, typhus, cholera, influenza, and malaria are considered classic wartime epidemics. Until the 20th century, it is said that more soldiers died from infectious diseases than from actual military operations. The article systematically analyses the scope of wartime epidemics in relation to both besiegers and the besieged town residents, as well as the short-term and long-term consequences of contact between the two sides. Drawing on events from different eras and cultural circles, the authors place the outbreaks and the course and consequences of infectious diseases into the historical context. Keywords: towns, war, epidemics, besiegers, siege, conquest
gesundheit in deutschland die wichtigsten entwicklungen. gesundheitspolitik springerlink. series ... more gesundheit in deutschland die wichtigsten entwicklungen. gesundheitspolitik springerlink. series deutschland und gesundheit 2 deutschlands wachsende. sehepunkte druckversion rezension von. gesundheitspolitik in deutschland krankheiten und. gesundheitssystem hohe kosten trotzdem mittelmaß zeit. geschichte der gesundheitspolitik in deutschland. gesundheitspolitik zahl der organspender in deutschland. aktuelle
Seit einigen Jahren steht das Thema Kindheit in der Nachkriegszeit auf der Agenda der Geschichtsw... more Seit einigen Jahren steht das Thema Kindheit in der Nachkriegszeit auf der Agenda der Geschichtswissenschaft. Angeregt wurde die Forschung u. a. dadurch, dass viele der im Krieg geborenen Kinder im Alter plotzlich erhebliche psychische Beschwerden bekamen, die schlieslich auf erlittene Traumata aus der Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit zuruckgefuhrt wurden. Die Patientenakten der Rheinischen Landesklinik fur Jugendpsychiatrie aus den Jahren 1945 bis 1952 geben einen Einblick in Diagnostik, Behandlung und Pflege erheblich kriegsgeschadigter Kinder und Jugendlicher. Bei den hier vorgestellten Kindern wurden die erlittenen Kriegserfahrungen nicht in einem kausalen Zusammenhang mit ihren Erkrankungen gesehen. Kriegsgewalt und ihre Folgen in destabilisierten und dezimierten Familien haben offenbar zum Alltag vieler dieser Kinder gehort, doch die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie konnte in diesen Jahren keine Hilfe bieten.
Most successful approaches to estimate the 6D pose of an object typically train a neural network ... more Most successful approaches to estimate the 6D pose of an object typically train a neural network by supervising the learning with annotated poses in real world images. These annotations are generally expensive to obtain and a common workaround is to generate and train on synthetic scenes, with the drawback of limited generalisation when the model is deployed in the real world. In this work, a two-stage 6D object pose estimator framework that can be applied on top of existing neural-network-based approaches and that does not require pose annotations on real images is proposed. The first self-supervised stage enforces the pose consistency between rendered predictions and real input images, narrowing the gap between the two domains. The second stage fine-tunes the previously trained model by enforcing the photometric consistency between pairs of different object views, where one image is warped and aligned to match the view of the other and thus enabling their comparison. In the absence of both real image annotations and depth information, applying the proposed framework on top of two recent approaches results in state-of-the-art performance when compared to methods trained only on synthetic data, domain adaptation baselines and a concurrent selfsupervised approach on LINEMOD, LINEMOD OCCLU-SION and HomebrewedDB datasets.
The central issues in recent economic and historical research and debates on the emergence of a g... more The central issues in recent economic and historical research and debates on the emergence of a global economy are: How and when did the development of an economic world system start? What were the essential economic, social or cultural factors which contributed to the emergence of a world-encompassing commercial network? The book examines the expansion of commercial activities since the seventeenth century by analysing the various facets of commercial networking and their linkages at three different operational levels and for various countries and regions. The first part focuses on the emergence, decline and reconstruction of whole networks. The second part provides an actor-centered approach highlighting the role of actors, agencies and institutions in the networking process, while the third one explores the role of commercial cities as merger of global and local functions. The essays provide an innovative approach as they elaborate the interplay between different levels of the em...
In Germany, the recording of the causes of death has had a long tradition and goes back a long ti... more In Germany, the recording of the causes of death has had a long tradition and goes back a long time in history, but remained unsystematic and nonuniform as it was an autonomous matter of the different German states. This article pursues the question of how the cause-of-death statistics developed in Prussia, the largest territorial state of the later German Reich. It is asked how these statistics, organized by the Prussian Statistical Bureau, have been related to the nationwide health policy since the 1870s. The historical development of official statistics in Prussia reveals that it is neither self-evident which information was collected, nor the criteria according to which this was done. Rather, the data actually recorded are the result of complicated negotiation processes between different actors, not only within the statistical offices, but also between the most diverse interest groups from science, politics and the state.
The study examines the relationship between temperature values and precipitation rates as explana... more The study examines the relationship between temperature values and precipitation rates as explanatory variables and the probability of death due to waterborne, airborne, and other diseases in historical urban space. So far, the literature has not been focused on epidemiology of 19th-century Polish urban areas in climatological context. We used individual data on mortality from Poznań parish death registers for 1850-1900. Each deceased individual was assigned the average monthly temperature values and precipitation rates in the month of death, LAG1 temperature and LAG1 rainfall, and a quarter of residence. We studied the relationship between weather conditions and mortality using formalized statistical models reflecting the discrete nature of the response data (via multinomial logistic regression). Lagged monthly average temperature values and lagged monthly average precipitation rates were better predictors of airborne and waterborne disease mortality than the concurrent (non-lagged) monthly averages. The lagged effects of temperature and precipitation on waterborne and airborne diseases were significant (except for the smooth lagged average monthly temperature effect for airborne diseases). There was also significant spatial heterogeneity (differences among city quarters) in the prevalence of deaths due to waterborne and airborne diseases. achievements (clothing, buildings, heating, air conditioning, etc.), have enabled them to cope with climatic stresses and pressures. Meanwhile, more and more researchers have been detecting the existence of a relationship between climate, or more precisely, its components such as temperature and precipitation, and the health status and well-being of humans. When examining the relationship between climate and health, attention is also paid to the consequences of these changes over time. Extreme weather events (heat and cold waves), floods, and droughts lead to changes in the ecology of infectious diseases (Patz et al., 1996), and have a strong impact on changes in health and disease profiles across the world and inhibit the potential for declines in morbidity and mortality (Levy et al., 2018). Climate changes might lead to the emergence of new pathogens, the increased incidence of old pathogens, and/or the re-emergence of infectious diseases (Campbell-Lendrum et al., 2009;
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Volume 41 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023), 2023
Child labour is a controversial issue both in presentday as well as in past societies. in histori... more Child labour is a controversial issue both in presentday as well as in past societies. in historical perspective, studies focus on the factory labour of children during the industrialization process. on the one hand, its contribution to the family income is mentioned as a potential positive effect on the living standard of the whole family, on the other hand reference is made to the permanent health risks for children working in the factories. using qualitative sources, there were contemporary testimonies supporting both views. the present paper, thererfore, uses a rather quantitive approach referring to the number of working days lost due to illness, anthropometric indicators such a height and weight, the results of draft examinations as well as mortality differences and cause-of-death rates from "accidents" in urban and rural areas during the nineteenth century. available data do not provide clear evidence of direct harmful effects of child labour; many indications point to a neutral or even positive effect.
Every historical period has its characteristic epidemic. In the Middle Ages, up to one-third of t... more Every historical period has its characteristic epidemic. In the Middle Ages, up to one-third of the European population died of the plague epidemic called the Black Death (1346 to 1353). Later, cholera, Spanish flu, and AIDS terrified the population. Every epidemic triggered social changes and functioned as a catalyst for developments, which were already taking place. In addition to the often-devastating impact on life and health, epidemics and pandemics hold potential for innovations. The Black Death certainly led to a rising standard of living and is even said to have accelerated the development of printing. In the 19th century, cholera was considered to be a motor of sanitary reforms, such as central water supply and sewerage. The current Sars-CoV-2 pandemic clearly shows that epidemics are still part of human history and not just, as has long been believed, limited to the Global South.
Jörg Vögele – Katharina Schuler, Epidemics, Wars and the Conquest of Cities
in Historical Perspec... more Jörg Vögele – Katharina Schuler, Epidemics, Wars and the Conquest of Cities in Historical Perspective Movements of people lead to the spread of infectious diseases, the history of which is closely tied to the development of the global economy. Another important element are epidemics that break out as the result of wars. From a historical perspective, warfare, military campaigns, and city sieges have claimed countless victims, both soldiers and civilians. Plague, dysentery, typhus, cholera, influenza, and malaria are considered classic wartime epidemics. Until the 20th century, it is said that more soldiers died from infectious diseases than from actual military operations. The article systematically analyses the scope of wartime epidemics in relation to both besiegers and the besieged town residents, as well as the short-term and long-term consequences of contact between the two sides. Drawing on events from different eras and cultural circles, the authors place the outbreaks and the course and consequences of infectious diseases into the historical context. Keywords: towns, war, epidemics, besiegers, siege, conquest
gesundheit in deutschland die wichtigsten entwicklungen. gesundheitspolitik springerlink. series ... more gesundheit in deutschland die wichtigsten entwicklungen. gesundheitspolitik springerlink. series deutschland und gesundheit 2 deutschlands wachsende. sehepunkte druckversion rezension von. gesundheitspolitik in deutschland krankheiten und. gesundheitssystem hohe kosten trotzdem mittelmaß zeit. geschichte der gesundheitspolitik in deutschland. gesundheitspolitik zahl der organspender in deutschland. aktuelle
Seit einigen Jahren steht das Thema Kindheit in der Nachkriegszeit auf der Agenda der Geschichtsw... more Seit einigen Jahren steht das Thema Kindheit in der Nachkriegszeit auf der Agenda der Geschichtswissenschaft. Angeregt wurde die Forschung u. a. dadurch, dass viele der im Krieg geborenen Kinder im Alter plotzlich erhebliche psychische Beschwerden bekamen, die schlieslich auf erlittene Traumata aus der Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit zuruckgefuhrt wurden. Die Patientenakten der Rheinischen Landesklinik fur Jugendpsychiatrie aus den Jahren 1945 bis 1952 geben einen Einblick in Diagnostik, Behandlung und Pflege erheblich kriegsgeschadigter Kinder und Jugendlicher. Bei den hier vorgestellten Kindern wurden die erlittenen Kriegserfahrungen nicht in einem kausalen Zusammenhang mit ihren Erkrankungen gesehen. Kriegsgewalt und ihre Folgen in destabilisierten und dezimierten Familien haben offenbar zum Alltag vieler dieser Kinder gehort, doch die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie konnte in diesen Jahren keine Hilfe bieten.
Most successful approaches to estimate the 6D pose of an object typically train a neural network ... more Most successful approaches to estimate the 6D pose of an object typically train a neural network by supervising the learning with annotated poses in real world images. These annotations are generally expensive to obtain and a common workaround is to generate and train on synthetic scenes, with the drawback of limited generalisation when the model is deployed in the real world. In this work, a two-stage 6D object pose estimator framework that can be applied on top of existing neural-network-based approaches and that does not require pose annotations on real images is proposed. The first self-supervised stage enforces the pose consistency between rendered predictions and real input images, narrowing the gap between the two domains. The second stage fine-tunes the previously trained model by enforcing the photometric consistency between pairs of different object views, where one image is warped and aligned to match the view of the other and thus enabling their comparison. In the absence of both real image annotations and depth information, applying the proposed framework on top of two recent approaches results in state-of-the-art performance when compared to methods trained only on synthetic data, domain adaptation baselines and a concurrent selfsupervised approach on LINEMOD, LINEMOD OCCLU-SION and HomebrewedDB datasets.
The central issues in recent economic and historical research and debates on the emergence of a g... more The central issues in recent economic and historical research and debates on the emergence of a global economy are: How and when did the development of an economic world system start? What were the essential economic, social or cultural factors which contributed to the emergence of a world-encompassing commercial network? The book examines the expansion of commercial activities since the seventeenth century by analysing the various facets of commercial networking and their linkages at three different operational levels and for various countries and regions. The first part focuses on the emergence, decline and reconstruction of whole networks. The second part provides an actor-centered approach highlighting the role of actors, agencies and institutions in the networking process, while the third one explores the role of commercial cities as merger of global and local functions. The essays provide an innovative approach as they elaborate the interplay between different levels of the em...
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Papers by Jörg Vögele
in Historical Perspective
Movements of people lead to the spread of infectious diseases, the history of which
is closely tied to the development of the global economy. Another important
element are epidemics that break out as the result of wars. From a historical
perspective, warfare, military campaigns, and city sieges have claimed countless
victims, both soldiers and civilians. Plague, dysentery, typhus, cholera, influenza,
and malaria are considered classic wartime epidemics. Until the 20th century, it
is said that more soldiers died from infectious diseases than from actual military
operations. The article systematically analyses the scope of wartime epidemics
in relation to both besiegers and the besieged town residents, as well as the
short-term and long-term consequences of contact between the two sides. Drawing
on events from different eras and cultural circles, the authors place the outbreaks
and the course and consequences of infectious diseases into the historical context.
Keywords: towns, war, epidemics, besiegers, siege, conquest
in Historical Perspective
Movements of people lead to the spread of infectious diseases, the history of which
is closely tied to the development of the global economy. Another important
element are epidemics that break out as the result of wars. From a historical
perspective, warfare, military campaigns, and city sieges have claimed countless
victims, both soldiers and civilians. Plague, dysentery, typhus, cholera, influenza,
and malaria are considered classic wartime epidemics. Until the 20th century, it
is said that more soldiers died from infectious diseases than from actual military
operations. The article systematically analyses the scope of wartime epidemics
in relation to both besiegers and the besieged town residents, as well as the
short-term and long-term consequences of contact between the two sides. Drawing
on events from different eras and cultural circles, the authors place the outbreaks
and the course and consequences of infectious diseases into the historical context.
Keywords: towns, war, epidemics, besiegers, siege, conquest
Sophia Sotke:
Frauenkarrieren zwischen Emanzipation und bürgerlicher Sozialreform (Band 1)
Luisa Rittershaus:
Visualisierung in der Säuglingsfürsorge Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts (Band 2)
Isabelle Nießen:
Die künstliche Säuglingsernährung unter dem Einfluss der Bakteriologie (Band 3)
Julia Nebe:
Kindersterblichkeit in der gesellschaftlichen Perzeption an der Wende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert (Band 4)
Luisa Heininger:
Zum Wandel des Stillverhaltens in der BRD zwischen 1950 und 1990 (Band 5)
Antonia Teuffel von Birkensee:
Das Stillverhalten von Akademikerinnen in der Zeit von 1950 bis 1990 (Band 6)
Jörg Vögele, Hideharu Umehara (ed.):
Gateways of Disease. Public Health in European and Asian Port Cities (Band 7)