T helper cells differentiate from a precursor type, Th0, to either the Th1 or Th2 phenotypes. Whi... more T helper cells differentiate from a precursor type, Th0, to either the Th1 or Th2 phenotypes. While a number of molecules are known to participate in this process, it is not completely understood how they regulate each other to ensure differentiation. This article presents the core regulatory network controlling the differentiation of Th cells, reconstructed from published molecular data. well as their cross-regulatory interactions. The reconstructed network was modeled as a discrete dynamical system, and analyzed in terms of its constituent feedback loops. The stable steady states of the Th network model are consistent with the stable molecular patterns of activation observed in wild type and mutant Th0, Th1 and Th2 cells.
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
We present a network model and its dynamic analysis for the regulatory relationships among 11 gen... more We present a network model and its dynamic analysis for the regulatory relationships among 11 genes that participate in Arabidopsis thaliana flower morphogenesis. The topology of the network and the relative strengths of interactions among these genes were based from published genetic and molecular data, mainly relying on mRNA expression patterns under wild type and mutant backgrounds. The network model is made of binary elements and we used a particular dynamic implementation for the network that we call semi-synchronic. Using this method the network reaches six attractors; four of them correspond to observed patterns of gene expression found in the floral organs of Arabidopsis (sepals, petals, stamens and carpels) as predicted by the ABC model of flower morphogenesis. The fifth state corresponds to cells that are not competent to flowering, and the sixth attractor predicted by the model is never found in wild-type plants, but it could be induced experimentally. We discuss the biological implications and the potential use of this network modeling approach to integrate functional data of regulatory genes of plant development.
The root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is formed by alternate "les of hair and non-hair cells... more The root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is formed by alternate "les of hair and non-hair cells. Epidermal cells overlying two cortex cells eventually develop a hair, while those overlying only one cortex cell do not. Here we propose a network model that integrates most of the available genetic and molecular data on the regulatory and signaling pathways underlying root epidermal di!erentiation. The network architecture includes two pathways; one formed by the genes ¹¹G, R homolog, G¸2 and CPC, and the other one by the signal transduction proteins ETR1 and CTR1. Both parallel pathways regulate the activity of AXR2 and RHD6, which in turn control the development of root hairs. The regulatory network was simulated as a dynamical system of eight discrete state variables. The distinction between epidermal cells contacting one or two cortical cells was accounted for by "xing the initial states of CPC and ETR1 proteins. The model allows for predictions of mutants and pharmacological e!ects because it includes the ethylene receptor. The dynamical system reaches one of the six stable states depending upon the initial state of the CPC variable and the ethylene receptor. Two of the stable states describe the activation patterns observed in mature trichoblasts (hair cells) and atrichoblasts (non-hair cells) in the wild-type phenotype and under normal ethylene availability. The other four states correspond to changes in the number of hair cells due to experimentally induced changes in ethylene availability. This model provides a hypothesis on the interactions among genes that encode transcription factors that regulate root hair development and the proteins involved in the ethylene transduction pathway. This is the "rst e!ort to use a dynamical system to understand the complex genetic regulatory interactions that rule Arabidopsis primary root development. The advantages of this type of models over static schematic representations are discussed.
We present a network model and its dynamic analysis for the regulatory relationships among 11 gen... more We present a network model and its dynamic analysis for the regulatory relationships among 11 genes that participate in Arabidopsis thaliana flower morphogenesis. The topology of the network and the relative strengths of interactions among these genes were based from published genetic and molecular data, mainly relying on mRNA expression patterns under wild type and mutant backgrounds. The network model is made of binary elements and we used a particular dynamic implementation for the network that we call semi-synchronic. Using this method the network reaches six attractors; four of them correspond to observed patterns of gene expression found in the floral organs of Arabidopsis (sepals, petals, stamens and carpels) as predicted by the ABC model of flower morphogenesis. The fifth state corresponds to cells that are not competent to flowering, and the sixth attractor predicted by the model is never found in wild-type plants, but it could be induced experimentally. We discuss the biological implications and the potential use of this network modeling approach to integrate functional data of regulatory genes of plant development.
The root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is formed by alternate "les of hair and non-hair cells... more The root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is formed by alternate "les of hair and non-hair cells. Epidermal cells overlying two cortex cells eventually develop a hair, while those overlying only one cortex cell do not. Here we propose a network model that integrates most of the available genetic and molecular data on the regulatory and signaling pathways underlying root epidermal di!erentiation. The network architecture includes two pathways; one formed by the genes ¹¹G, R homolog, G¸2 and CPC, and the other one by the signal transduction proteins ETR1 and CTR1. Both parallel pathways regulate the activity of AXR2 and RHD6, which in turn control the development of root hairs. The regulatory network was simulated as a dynamical system of eight discrete state variables. The distinction between epidermal cells contacting one or two cortical cells was accounted for by "xing the initial states of CPC and ETR1 proteins. The model allows for predictions of mutants and pharmacological e!ects because it includes the ethylene receptor. The dynamical system reaches one of the six stable states depending upon the initial state of the CPC variable and the ethylene receptor. Two of the stable states describe the activation patterns observed in mature trichoblasts (hair cells) and atrichoblasts (non-hair cells) in the wild-type phenotype and under normal ethylene availability. The other four states correspond to changes in the number of hair cells due to experimentally induced changes in ethylene availability. This model provides a hypothesis on the interactions among genes that encode transcription factors that regulate root hair development and the proteins involved in the ethylene transduction pathway. This is the "rst e!ort to use a dynamical system to understand the complex genetic regulatory interactions that rule Arabidopsis primary root development. The advantages of this type of models over static schematic representations are discussed.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
T helper cells differentiate from a precursor type, Th0, to either the Th1 or Th2 phenotypes. Whi... more T helper cells differentiate from a precursor type, Th0, to either the Th1 or Th2 phenotypes. While a number of molecules are known to participate in this process, it is not completely understood how they regulate each other to ensure differentiation. This article presents the core regulatory network controlling the differentiation of Th cells, reconstructed from published molecular data. well as their cross-regulatory interactions. The reconstructed network was modeled as a discrete dynamical system, and analyzed in terms of its constituent feedback loops. The stable steady states of the Th network model are consistent with the stable molecular patterns of activation observed in wild type and mutant Th0, Th1 and Th2 cells.
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mex... more The hypocentral distribution of locally recorded aftershocks of the great (Ms-8.1) Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake of September 19, 1985, defines a narrow Wadati-Benioff zone structure, roughly 10 km thick, dipping 14 ø at N23øE. This is in good agreement with the source geometry obtained by waveform modeling of the 1985 Michoacan mainshock and the large 1979 PetatMn earthquake in the adjoining region. We inverted for the crustal velocity structure in the epicentral region by applying the Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares algorithm to our local aftershock data. The velocity model consists of a layer with linearly increasing velocity in depth overlying a dipping, constant velocity halfspace. Our hypocentral location program uses a velocity model of the same form together with ray tracing. The earthquake hypocentral resolution obtained with this program is significantly better than that from conventional approaches (HYPO) and looks very promising for use in velocity structures with an important dipping interface like subduction zones. LeFevre and McNally [1985] studied the stress distribution associated with the subduction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and found only minor local deviations from the overall pat-
We present a network model and its dynamic analysis for the regulatory relationships among 11 gen... more We present a network model and its dynamic analysis for the regulatory relationships among 11 genes that participate in Arabidopsis thaliana flower morphogenesis. The topology of the network and the relative strengths of interactions among these genes were based from published genetic and molecular data, mainly relying on mRNA expression patterns under wild type and mutant backgrounds. The network model is made of binary elements and we used a particular dynamic implementation for the network that we call semi-synchronic. Using this method the network reaches six attractors; four of them correspond to observed patterns of gene expression found in the floral organs of Arabidopsis (sepals, petals, stamens and carpels) as predicted by the ABC model of flower morphogenesis. The fifth state corresponds to cells that are not competent to flowering, and the sixth attractor predicted by the model is never found in wild-type plants, but it could be induced experimentally. We discuss the biological implications and the potential use of this network modeling approach to integrate functional data of regulatory genes of plant development.
The root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is formed by alternate "les of hair and non-hair cells... more The root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is formed by alternate "les of hair and non-hair cells. Epidermal cells overlying two cortex cells eventually develop a hair, while those overlying only one cortex cell do not. Here we propose a network model that integrates most of the available genetic and molecular data on the regulatory and signaling pathways underlying root epidermal di!erentiation. The network architecture includes two pathways; one formed by the genes ¹¹G, R homolog, G¸2 and CPC, and the other one by the signal transduction proteins ETR1 and CTR1. Both parallel pathways regulate the activity of AXR2 and RHD6, which in turn control the development of root hairs. The regulatory network was simulated as a dynamical system of eight discrete state variables. The distinction between epidermal cells contacting one or two cortical cells was accounted for by "xing the initial states of CPC and ETR1 proteins. The model allows for predictions of mutants and pharmacological e!ects because it includes the ethylene receptor. The dynamical system reaches one of the six stable states depending upon the initial state of the CPC variable and the ethylene receptor. Two of the stable states describe the activation patterns observed in mature trichoblasts (hair cells) and atrichoblasts (non-hair cells) in the wild-type phenotype and under normal ethylene availability. The other four states correspond to changes in the number of hair cells due to experimentally induced changes in ethylene availability. This model provides a hypothesis on the interactions among genes that encode transcription factors that regulate root hair development and the proteins involved in the ethylene transduction pathway. This is the "rst e!ort to use a dynamical system to understand the complex genetic regulatory interactions that rule Arabidopsis primary root development. The advantages of this type of models over static schematic representations are discussed.
We present a network model and its dynamic analysis for the regulatory relationships among 11 gen... more We present a network model and its dynamic analysis for the regulatory relationships among 11 genes that participate in Arabidopsis thaliana flower morphogenesis. The topology of the network and the relative strengths of interactions among these genes were based from published genetic and molecular data, mainly relying on mRNA expression patterns under wild type and mutant backgrounds. The network model is made of binary elements and we used a particular dynamic implementation for the network that we call semi-synchronic. Using this method the network reaches six attractors; four of them correspond to observed patterns of gene expression found in the floral organs of Arabidopsis (sepals, petals, stamens and carpels) as predicted by the ABC model of flower morphogenesis. The fifth state corresponds to cells that are not competent to flowering, and the sixth attractor predicted by the model is never found in wild-type plants, but it could be induced experimentally. We discuss the biological implications and the potential use of this network modeling approach to integrate functional data of regulatory genes of plant development.
The root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is formed by alternate "les of hair and non-hair cells... more The root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is formed by alternate "les of hair and non-hair cells. Epidermal cells overlying two cortex cells eventually develop a hair, while those overlying only one cortex cell do not. Here we propose a network model that integrates most of the available genetic and molecular data on the regulatory and signaling pathways underlying root epidermal di!erentiation. The network architecture includes two pathways; one formed by the genes ¹¹G, R homolog, G¸2 and CPC, and the other one by the signal transduction proteins ETR1 and CTR1. Both parallel pathways regulate the activity of AXR2 and RHD6, which in turn control the development of root hairs. The regulatory network was simulated as a dynamical system of eight discrete state variables. The distinction between epidermal cells contacting one or two cortical cells was accounted for by "xing the initial states of CPC and ETR1 proteins. The model allows for predictions of mutants and pharmacological e!ects because it includes the ethylene receptor. The dynamical system reaches one of the six stable states depending upon the initial state of the CPC variable and the ethylene receptor. Two of the stable states describe the activation patterns observed in mature trichoblasts (hair cells) and atrichoblasts (non-hair cells) in the wild-type phenotype and under normal ethylene availability. The other four states correspond to changes in the number of hair cells due to experimentally induced changes in ethylene availability. This model provides a hypothesis on the interactions among genes that encode transcription factors that regulate root hair development and the proteins involved in the ethylene transduction pathway. This is the "rst e!ort to use a dynamical system to understand the complex genetic regulatory interactions that rule Arabidopsis primary root development. The advantages of this type of models over static schematic representations are discussed.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, mo... more Background: For genes that have been successfully delineated within the human genome sequence, most regulatory sequences remain to be elucidated. The annotation and interpretation process requires additional data resources and significant improvements in computational methods for the detection of regulatory regions. One approach of growing popularity is based on the preferential conservation of functional sequences over the course of evolution by selective pressure, termed 'phylogenetic footprinting'. Mutations are more likely to be disruptive if they appear in functional sites, resulting in a measurable difference in evolution rates between functional and non-functional genomic segments.
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Papers by Luis Mendoza