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Andrew Cohen's contribution to the field of interlanguage pragmatics has been significant and fruitful. My aim here is not so much to evaluate his work critically as it is to point out weaknesses in the field of interlanguage pragmatics that are also present in his production. In view of ...

... Recent approaches and re-evaluations of face (Locher and Watts 2005; Arundale 2006, 200710) have revived Goffman's (1955) conceptualization of face as discursively constructed in interaction. For example, Arun-dale's approach to face is relational and interactional. ...

Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of research on discourse behavior and digital communication : language structures and social interaction / Rotimi Taiwo, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: "This book provides a variety of chapters on discourse behavior in digital communication, including computermediated communication as well as aspects of behavior typically associated with online discourse like cyberbullying"-Provided by publisher.

Issues in Political Discourse Analysis is a multidisciplinary journal focusing on the analysis of language (possibly in conjunction with other semiotic systems) in the course of our lives as citizens of established polities of various scopes. We welcome papers written within the frameworks of the various social or human sciences (including political science, psychology, sociology, discourse anlysis, linguistics, literary and cultural studies, education, etc.) insofar as they deal with discourse as politic behavior. The focus of the journal will be on empirical studies, although theoretical expositions

Th is paper argues that genre notions, as understood by (Fairclough, 2003), can provide an over-arching unit of analysis to accommodate both top-down and bottom-up analyses of im-politeness. Th ese notions are here applied to the study impoliteness within an institutional genre: news interviews. Impoliteness is seen as the driving force behind a new genre, " news as confrontation " , whose communicative goal is to reaffi rm a view of the world. Th e multifunction-ality of impoliteness in this context has been related to a mismatch between the introduction of impoliteness as a novel staple in the news as confrontation shows, and the unchanged social expectations of politeness as the default term in social interaction. At the level of the relationship between interviewee and interviewer, impoliteness manifests itself both at the lexico-grammatical level and interactionally. However, impoliteness is used to create rapport between the interviewer and the overhearing audience. Th us, incivility toward those guests who diff er ideologically from the audience has to be assessed as rapport building, and seen as constitutive rather than disruptive of communal life. I provide two examples of the new genre by providing an in-depth analysis of two interviews by Bill O'Reilly for Fox News' Th e O'Reilly Factor the epitome of news as confrontation shows.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the functionality of conflict talk (Grimshaw, 1990; Bou-Franch and Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, 2014) as an ideologically loaded, indirect index of identity construction (Kiesling, 2013). It focuses on the construction of the Latino identity: a transnational (de Fina & Perrino, 2013), top-down identity, that was created in the 1970s by the Nixon administration. The data for this study comprise the comments posted on a CNN discussion forum in response to Soledad O'Brian's question " What did you think about Latino in America? " A cursory look at the corpus indicated that many Latino participants felt insulted arguing CNN – with its focus on illegal Latinos-had presented the community in a bad light. Thus, transnational identities and the internet, crucially related to globalization, come together in this study. Results show that conflict talk plays a major role in the construction of intragroup dissociation both thematically and at the microlevel. Furthermore, the fact that complex selective dissociation (Garcia-Bedolla, 2003), rather than simpler dis/affiliation processes routinely associated with the construction of social identities (van Dijk 1998) is more at play in the corpus seems to confirm the need for complexity in the study of culture and identity (Blommaert, 2013a).

The aim of this paper is to explore how the analysis of im/politeness can be tackled from a discursive pragmatics perspective. Pragmatics and discourse analysis are interrelated disciplines as they are both concerned with language use. However, they differ mostly in terms of the units of analysis traditionally associated with them: pragmatics is typically concerned with the utterance whereas discourse analysis with what is beyond the utterance. Im/politeness research has drawn from both as it was initially based typically on pragmatic notions and later, reacting to these and embracing the pragmatic turn, it turned mostly to big D discourse for additional or more useful tools. Thus, researchers abandoned isolated utterances as their data and gravitated towards longer stretches of discourse in context. However, context was mostly explored through aspects of the micro- and macro-levels leaving rather underexplored the meso level. Our contention in this paper is that that for a truly discursive approach to pragmatics in general and to im/politeness in particular, we need to develop methods and tools that will facilitate the analysis of im/politeness phenomena also at the mesolevel and reveal the dynamic interaction among these three levels. We suggest that genre seems to be a promising tool to this end.

Keywords: discursive pragmatics, im/politeness, genre/text, micro-, meso-, macro-levels

The aim of this chapter is to explore the conflictual dynamics behind one of the six thematic contents, namely the paradoxical status of Spanish within the US Latino community, that were found to make up the matrix upon which the Latino identity is constructed (Garcés-Conejos et al., 2013).
According to the Pew Research Center (2017), overall, some 62% of Hispanics ages 5 to 17 and 72% of Hispanic Millennials speak Spanish at home. In contrast, eight-in-ten or more Hispanic Gen Xers (80%), Boomers (80%) and Silent or Greatest generation adults (83%) speak Spanish in their homes. As a result, the share of all Hispanics who speak Spanish at home has started to decline, and the use of English only in the home has increased.
This decrease may be the result, among other factors, of the powerful social stigma that for decades encouraged assimilation at the expense of preserving Latino cultural heritage and subjected the use of the Spanish language to a deeply racialized attack (Davis & Moore, 2014). Still, despite the growing prevalence of non-Spanish speaking Latinos in the US, the language issue is still thorny for those who find their identities or Latinidad questioned over not being able to speak Spanish. Indeed, use of Spanish remains an object of ethnic pride/solidarity amongst the Latino population, but it is also seen as an obstacle for upward mobility. A positive social identity is associated with Spanish-English bilingualism within these communities. Speaking only Spanish is seen as a weakness, but there is an expectation that Latinos will nevertheless be fluent in Spanish (Garcia-Bedolla 2003; Dicker, 2006; Velez-Rendon’s 2007).
Although Latino issues and collective politics, such as the community’s use of Spanish, have received significant attention from scholars and policy analysts, less attention has been given to the micro processes involved in everyday interaction among US Latinos (Negron, 2014). Even less attention has been paid to on-line, micro-processes of Latino identity construction (but see Garcés-Conejos Blitvich et al, 2013; Garcés-Conejos Blitvich & Bou-Franch, 2014; Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, 2015). This paper aims to help fill in this gap by facilitating a more nuanced understanding of the ethnic and racialized processes involved in reaction to and treatment of the use of Spanish in the US and how these crucially impact Latinos of different generations regarding their self-perceptions of in/out groupness.
To this end, a corpus comprising 145 comments (circa 12,000 words) in response to a video clip of the Nuyorican poet Noel Quiñones’s piece “8 Confessions of My Tongue” in which he explores the struggles of asserting one’s identity, roots, and culture even when you can’t master its native language was collected and analyzed. This video clip was shared on the public Facebook group Latino Rebels which uses comedy, commentary, analysis, and satire to explore the world of US Latino issues. Using Bucholtz and Hall’s (2005) framework for identity construction, the analysis focused on how participants negotiated their Latino identities vis-à-vis their knowledge (or lack thereof) of Spanish and how this positioned them as (non) members of the Latino and Anglo communities. The analysis unveiled that conflictual relationships and interest among different generations of Latinos, competing English-only versus bilingualism ideologies, and racialized brownness versus whiteness positions associated with different levels of language proficiency, among others, lay at the core of the Latino identity.
The Latino identity emerges as an identity in turmoil. Latinos struggle to make their own an imposed, top-down identity which malignantly positions them, making them a perpetual other, regardless of how deep seated their roots in the US or their knowledge of English may be.

The chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of impoliteness and conflict research in Spanish, assess it critically, and suggest new areas of possible development for the field. The overview unveils two main foci of interest among researchers; namely, studies that seek to theorize impoliteness and studies that analyze mediated cases of impoliteness, either via traditional or digital media. After reviewing the field, four main issues, both theoretical and methodological, related to the bulk of the research under scrutiny are identified and discussed; namely, approaches, units of analysis, data, and reflexivity and interdisciplinarity. Further, suggestions are offered regarding several under-researched areas, mostly related to metapragmatics, issues of nomenclature, conventionalization, morality, qualitative tools of analysis, and ethical considerations, all of which can help advance the field. Resúmen Este capítulo presenta una revisión amplia de la investigación realizada sobre descortesía en español, la evalúa críticamente y sugiere posibles áreas de desarrollo para el campo. En la 2 revisión se identificaron dos focos principales de interés: estudios que se centran en teorizar la (des)cortesía y otros que analizan diferentes tipos de descortesía mediatizada en medios tradicionales y digitales. En lo que concierne a la evaluación, la investigación sobre descortesía se valoró con respecto a los enfoques y datos utilizados, las unidades de análisis y cuestiones de interdisciplinariedad y de reflexividad. El capítulo concluye con recomendaciones para avanzar el campo del estudio de la descortesía en español relacionadas con áreas que de investigación que no han recibido mucho interés hasta la fecha, tales como la metapragmática, moralidad o consideraciones éticas, entre otros.

Though, in recent years, impoliteness research has embraced a view of impoliteness as dynamically co-constructed in interaction, the role of impoliteness in polylogal discourse is still in need of further examination. Drawing from a corpus of naturally occurring classroom discourse, this paper uses a genre approach (Garcés-Conejos Blitvich, 2010) to examine the role of face-threat witnesses in small-group discussion practices among adolescents. Our research shows that face-threat witnesses respond in complex and dynamic ways that are integral to the co-construction of impoliteness, and that would have been missed entirely if the focus of our analysis had been purely dyadic. In view of our finding, we propose a refinement of extant models of response options (Culpeper, Bousfield and Wichmann, 2003; Bousfield 2007, 2008) that incorporates the response options available to face-threat witnesses, thus moving beyond the dyad. Accounting for the multifunctionality of impoliteness in polylogal interaction allows for an understanding of impoliteness as constitutive, not just disruptive, of social life. With further application, our proposed refinement of extant models can help expand research that examines manifestations of impoliteness in a wide range of (non)institutional, polylogal discourse.