Papers by Verónica Farías-González
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jan 21, 2024
Therya, Sep 19, 2021
Three species of mephitids coexist in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán biosphere reserve (TCBR) and belong ... more Three species of mephitids coexist in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán biosphere reserve (TCBR) and belong to a guild of mammalian carnivores that feed mainly on invertebrates. To infer the interspecific interactions that allow coexistence, we aimed to compare activity patterns and abundance of hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus leuconotus), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), and southern spotted skunk (Spilogale angustifrons) in a tropical dry forest with ecological integrity. We analyzed activity patterns and overlap, and compared the relative abundance index (IAR) of mephitids, between rainy and dry seasons and among species, and used 235 records for C. leuconotus, 39 for M. macroura, and 42 for S. angustifrons from 15 camera-trap stations in Mount Tepetroja, Puebla, from May 1 st , 2013 to April 30 th , 2020. The three mephitids were active mainly during the nocturnal period, although C. leuconotus showed a unimodal pattern with activity peak around midnight, M. macroura had a bimodal pattern with activity peaks during the crepuscular hours at sunset and sunrise, and S. angustifrons had a unimodal pattern with activity peak around 2:00 a.m. Mean activity of C. leuconotus (µ ± SE = 00:42 ± 00:12 h) and M. macroura (01:02 ± 00:33 h) were similar (P = 0.32), and differed from the mean activity of S. angustifrons (01:49 ± 00:23 h, P = 0.02). C. leuconotus had the highest IAR (2.53 to 7.90) and differed from M. macroura (0.44 to 1.21) and S. angustifrons (0.83 to 0.96) in both seasons (P < 0.01). C. leuconotus and M. macroura showed higher IAR during the rainy season, in contrast with S. angustifrons that had no differences in IAR between seasons. The mephitids presented temporal segregation and variability in seasonal abundance as coexistence mechanisms. S. angustifrons showed the most restricted circadian activity and avoided the other two mephitids' activity peaks. C. leuconotus was the most abundant species; thus, we inferred that the hog-nosed skunk determined the dynamics of intraguild interactions among mephitids in the tropical dry forest in the TCBR. Tres especies de mefítidos coexisten en la reserva de la biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (RBTC) y pertenecen a un gremio de mamíferos carnívoros que se alimentan principalmente de invertebrados. Para inferir sobre las interacciones interespecíficas que permiten la coexistencia, nuestros objetivos fueron comparar la actividad circadiana y la abundancia del zorrillo de espalda blanca (Conepatus leuconotus), zorrillo rayado sureño (Mephitis macroura) y zorrillo manchado del sur (Spilogale angustifrons) en selva baja caducifolia con integridad ecológica. Analizamos los patrones de actividad y su superposición, y comparamos el índice de abundancia relativa (IAR) de los mefítidos entre la temporada de lluvia y la temporada seca, y entre especies, a partir de 235 registros de C. leuconotus, 39 de M. macroura y 42 de S. angustifrons de15 estaciones de fototrampeo en el Cerro Tepetroja, Puebla, del 1 de mayo de 2013 al 30 de abril de 2020. Los tres mefítidos presentaron actividad principalmente durante el periodo nocturno, aunque C. leuconotus mostró un patrón unimodal con el pico de actividad alrededor de la media noche, M. macroura presentó un patrón bimodal con picos de actividad durante las horas crepusculares del atardecer y amanecer, y S. angustifrons tuvo un patrón unimodal con el pico de actividad alrededor de las 2:00 a.m. La actividad promedio de C. leuconotus (µ ± SE = 00:42 ± 00:12 h) y M. macroura (01:02 ± 00:33 h) fueron similares (P = 0.32), y difirieron de la actividad promedio de S. angustifrons (01:49 ± 00:23 h, P = 0.02). C. leuconotus presentó los mayores IAR (2.53 a 7.90) y difirió de M. macroura (0.44 a 1.21) y de S. angustifrons (0.83 a 0.96) en las dos temporadas del año (P < 0.01). C. leuconotus y M. macroura mostraron mayores IAR durante la temporada de lluvia, en contraste con S. angustifrons que no tuvo diferencias en los IAR entre temporadas. Los mefítidos presentaron segregación temporal y variaciones estacionales en la abundancia como mecanismos de coexistencia. S. angustifrons presentó la actividad circadiana más restringida y evitó los picos de actividad de los otros dos mefítidos. C. leuconotus fue el más abundante, por lo que inferimos que el zorrillo espalda blanca determinó la dinámica de las interacciones intragremiales entre mefítidos en la selva baja caducifolia de la RBTC.
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 2010
The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán biosphere reserve (BRTC) is rich in mammalian diversity, but geographical ... more The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán biosphere reserve (BRTC) is rich in mammalian diversity, but geographical distribution information is absent or insufficient for most species. Consequently, previous efforts to model the ecological niche and potential distribution of mammals have been hampered. The main purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of mammalian diversity in BRTC using a climatic domains classification. Biological datasets composed of geographically referenced localities commonly are raw input during analyses of geographical distributions of species, but in countries like Mexico datasets frequently are incomplete and biased. The recent availability of interpolators and geographic information systems make possible the enhancement of environmental datasets and open the possibility to use climatic parameters to explain biological patterns. In this study we generated a climatic domain classification for the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley and its surrounding areas of influence. With this approach, climatic domains were used as biodiversity surrogates, and we justified the overlapping of environmental data with the biological dataset (species, longitude, latitude, and elevation) to evaluate and complement the available mammal diversity information within BRTC.
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 2016
Se documentó la presencia de águila real (Aquila chrysaetos) mediante el fotorregistro más sureño... more Se documentó la presencia de águila real (Aquila chrysaetos) mediante el fotorregistro más sureño del estado de Puebla en la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. La selva baja caducifolia y el matorral xerófilo de la reserva son tipos de vegetación con condiciones ambientales favorables para la presencia del águila real y se propone que se considere a la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán como área de distribución de la rapaz. Se sugiere que se capacite a los comités de vigilancia de las comunidades rurales para reconocer y registrar avistamientos, lo que permitiría obtener la información para determinar si las águilas habitan en la reserva durante todo el año o durante su migración. Derechos Reservados © 2016 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
The Southwestern Naturalist, 2012
To identify activity patterns and distribution of gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) in chapar... more To identify activity patterns and distribution of gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) in chaparral and sage-scrub habitat in southern California, we used radiotelemetry to monitor 18 foxes during May 1997-April 1999. For comparison, we used simultaneously collected telemetry data on sympatric coyotes (Canis latrans) and bobcats (Lynx rufus). Gray foxes mainly were crepuscular and nocturnal with a daily activity rate of 60% in the summer dry season and 56% in the winter wet season. Gray foxes preferred northern mixed chaparral, used coastal sage scrub and coast live oak woodland more than chamise chaparral, had nonpreference for valley oak woodland and non-native grassland, and did not use developed suburban areas. These data, in comparison with behavioral data for other carnivores, support the contention that sympatric carnivores, mainly coyotes but possibly bobcats, may strongly influence the population of gray foxes in southern California, as gray foxes appear to avoid times and habitats where risk of predation is high.
Journal of Mammalogy, 2006
We studied the home-range and core-area size and overlap of Tehuantepec jackrabbits (Lepus flavig... more We studied the home-range and core-area size and overlap of Tehuantepec jackrabbits (Lepus flavigularis) by radiotracking 32 individuals between May 2001 and April 2003 in savanna habitat in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Annual home-range and core-area sizes averaged 55 ha 6 8 SE and 8 6 1 ha for 10 adults of both sexes using the 95% and 50% fixed-kernel isopleths, respectively. Seasonal home ranges varied widely for adults, from 15 to 111 ha for females and from 24 to 166 ha for males. Juvenile males had larger seasonal home ranges than did juvenile females (X ¼ 80 and 24 ha). For adult jackrabbits, seasonal home ranges were larger during the 1st year compared to those of the 2nd year of study (X ¼ 87 and 49 ha), particularly for females. Home ranges and core areas of Tehuantepec jackrabbits were comparable in size and overlapped between active periods (nocturnal and crepuscular hours) and inactive periods (diurnal hours). Adults overlapped their home ranges with 1-10 individuals. Home-range overlap among females was greater than among males. Females shared portions of their ranges with other females more frequently than did males with other males. Home-range and overlap analysis suggests that Tehuantepec jackrabbits have polygamous mating behavior and nonterritorial social organization.
ine.gob.mx
Del Este (M. g. silvestris) Florida (M. g. osceola) Río Grande (M. g. intermedia) Merriam (M. g. ... more Del Este (M. g. silvestris) Florida (M. g. osceola) Río Grande (M. g. intermedia) Merriam (M. g. merriami) Gould (M. g. mexicana) Híbridos Oscelado (Meleagris ocellata)
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2009
Because of its crucial importance for the persistence of the endangered Tehuantepec jackrabbit (L... more Because of its crucial importance for the persistence of the endangered Tehuantepec jackrabbit (Lepus Xavigularis), we identiWed structural characteristics of native vegetation (1) selected by Tehuantepec jackrabbits to establish home ranges, (2) used within home ranges, and (3) in relation to activity and inactivity periods. A neotropical savanna in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México, oVered diversity in native Xora and heterogeneity in vegetation structure to the studied population of Tehuantepec jackrabbit. Adults and juveniles diVered in habitat use patterns. No eVect on habitat selection was detected for sex or season. Jackrabbits established home ranges on grassy habitat with discontinuous overstory of nanche (Byrsonima crassifolia) shrubbery and morro (Crescentia) trees. Adults underused dense vegetation where predators may ambush them; juveniles avoided dense vegetation and grassland without overstory. Within adults' home ranges, habitat selection favoring grassy habitats with nanche and morro was relatively stronger during the activity period (nocturnal and crepuscular hours) and during one of 2 years which had more rainfall. Scattered trees and open shrubbery likely allowed foraging jackrabbits with both visibility and escape routes used to detect and outrun predators. Moreover, during the inactivity period (diurnal hours) adults and juveniles favored nanche shrubbery that provided resting jackrabbits with shelter to hide from predators. Clearly, structure and diversity of native vegetation in the savanna needs to be preserved for conservation of Tehuantepec jackrabbits because deteriorated habitat may pose higher predation rates for a jackrabbit population in risk of extirpation.
Journal of Zoology, 2005
From May 1997 to July 1999, 24 gray foxes Urocyon cinereoargenteus were radio-marked and their fa... more From May 1997 to July 1999, 24 gray foxes Urocyon cinereoargenteus were radio-marked and their fates monitored in a natural area of southern California to identify rates of survival and cause-specific mortality, and thus to assess population sustainability. Pup (0.4-1.0 years old) foxes had an 8-month (September-April) survival rate (0.34) that was lower than the 8-month (0.77) or 12-month (0.58) estimates for adult foxes. Interference competition was evident; 92% (11/12) of fox mortalities were the result of predation by sympatric coyotes Canis latrans or bobcats Felis rufus. Also, five of seven gray fox mortalities were outside of, or on the border of, the home range of the killed fox. Calculations indicated that the fox population would remain stable if survival of pups during their first 4 months of life was 0.68 (vs 0.75 for adults during these months and 0.58 for older pups for 4 other months). This seems reasonable, yet sympatric carnivores, mainly coyotes, clearly influence the gray fox population in southern California.
Therya
En el Estado de Yucatán los registros de nutria neotropical (Lontra longicaudis annectens) son in... more En el Estado de Yucatán los registros de nutria neotropical (Lontra longicaudis annectens) son insuficientes para determinar si existen diferentes tipos de hábitat para la especie, su estatus de conservación y los riesgos potenciales que enfrenta. Nuestros objetivos son el generar un modelo de distribución potencial de la nutria neotropical para el Estado de Yucatán, y el verificar la presencia de la nutria neotropical en sitios predichos por el modelo. Se generó un modelo de distribución potencial de la nutria neotropical con MaxEnt con registros de presencia de la especie y variables ambientales de EarthEnv a 1 km² de resolución. Se verificó la presencia de la nutria en siete sitios predichos por el modelo mediante visitas en el mes de octubre de los años 2017 al 2019 y 2021. Se caracterizó el hábitat y se colectaron muestras biológicas, así como evidencia video-fotográfica de las señales de presencia de las nutrias y de su hábitat. La distribución potencial de la nutria cubr...
Journal of Zoology
In mammals, ecological interactions are difficult to observe directly, so they are usually inferr... more In mammals, ecological interactions are difficult to observe directly, so they are usually inferred from co-occurrence data. Direct interpretation of co-occurrence patterns can be complicated since they may be the result of different processes such as habitat selection. We propose a logical framework along with multispecies occupancy models, to distinguish which process or interaction of processes gives rise to co-occurrence patterns. We also used temporal kernel density estimates to explore the overlap in diel activity patterns, and ecological knowledge of the species as a complement to explain the drivers that generate co-occurrence. To test our framework, we analyzed three mammal species: the bobcat (Lynx rufus), the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and their potential prey, the eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), in a tropical dry habitat at Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Data were collected across 67 camera trap stations that operated from February to August 2018. The best-fitted model described the spatial interaction between U. cinereoargenteus and L. rufus with S. floridanus; in both cases, the occupancy probability of the predatory species was higher in the presence of their prey than in their absence. Additionally, the three species presented a high overlap in their temporal activity patterns. Based on the knowledge of the species’ ecology and our results, we identified that trophic interactions could be an important process shaping the co-occurrence patterns of these species. In short, our framework highlights that it is possible to discern among the processes that influence the co-occurrence patterns for species with well-defined ecological roles, such as in our study system.
Gonosomal rabbit sperm selection by anti-HY and M A C S methods. Rabbit sperm washed from seminal... more Gonosomal rabbit sperm selection by anti-HY and M A C S methods. Rabbit sperm washed from seminal plasma were incubated with FITC monoclonal antibody against the HY antigen. Anti-FITC monoclonal antibody bound to the polymerised supermagnetic nanoparticles incubated with sperm. After incubation, sperm are exposed to a defined magnetic field. Supermagnetic nanoparticles bound to Y sperm cells are adherent to the walls of separation columns (positive selection). The suspension remains a fraction of sperm with X chromosomes (negative selection) to be used for insemination. Y sperm bound to the particles undergoing supermagnetic vital separation techniques and also used for insemination. Still born young rabbits, respectively, dead rabbit under the age of three weeks, tissue samples are taken to detect SRY sex-PCR technique. At the age of three weeks, cubs in litters were sexed by palpation technique. For immunomagnetic separation was used the MiniMACS Magnetic cell sorting (Miltenyi Bi...
Therya, 2021
Three species of mephitids coexist in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán biosphere reserve (TCBR) and belong ... more Three species of mephitids coexist in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán biosphere reserve (TCBR) and belong to a guild of mammalian carnivores that feed mainly on invertebrates. To infer the interspecific interactions that allow coexistence, we aimed to compare activity patterns and abundance of hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus leuconotus), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), and southern spotted skunk (Spilogale angustifrons) in a tropical dry forest with ecological integrity. We analyzed activity patterns and overlap, and compared the relative abundance index (IAR) of mephitids, between rainy and dry seasons and among species, and used 235 records for C. leuconotus, 39 for M. macroura, and 42 for S. angustifrons from 15 camera-trap stations in Mount Tepetroja, Puebla, from May 1st, 2013 to April 30th, 2020. The three mephitids were active mainly during the nocturnal period, although C. leuconotus showed a unimodal pattern with activity peak around midnight, M. macroura had a bimodal pattern with ...
Se generarán modelos de distribución potencial del nicho ecológico para las especies y subespecie... more Se generarán modelos de distribución potencial del nicho ecológico para las especies y subespecies de conejos y liebres de México, utilizando el programa MAXENT y coberturas digitales de variables ambientales robustas y de alta resolución (1 km2) que se elaborarán con el paquete ANUSPLIN en el Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, UBIPRO, FESI, UNAM. Se depurará y complementará la base de datos de localizaciones georreferenciadas donada por el SNIB, con especial énfasis en lepóridos amenazados y de distribución restringida debido a que están pobremente representados. Se obtendrán registros que no estén incluidos en la base de datos del SNIB mediante la búsqueda en bases de datos de redes interconectadas como GBIF, MaNIS, REMIB, UNIBIO e IREKANI, y en publicaciones especializadas en lagomorfos como libros, tesis y artículos científicos. También se visitará la Colección Nacional de Mamíferos del Instituto de Biología de la UNAM para recopilar información de los ejemplares que albergue y ...
Revista de Biología Tropical, 2016
The gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, is a medium-size canid widely distributed in México. Most... more The gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, is a medium-size canid widely distributed in México. Most studies on this species focus on habitat use, home range, diet, intraguild competence, and lanscape distribution between urban and rural sites. In central Veracruz, gray foxes are present in fragments of cloud forest and in shaded coffee plantations; nevertheless, its abundance has not yet been compared among other vegetation types found in the area, such as sugarcane plantations. In this study we described gray foxes abundance variations using 500 m transects, among sugarcane plantations, shaded coffee plantations, and cloud forest fragments throughout eight months, by scat counting in three sites of each cover type. We reported the relative abundance index for each cover type and each month, and evaluated its relationship with four landscape features: (a) shade percent, (b) trail density, (c) human population density, and (d) habitat juxtaposition, in influence areas of 450 ha around ...
Sociobiology, 2014
Red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) inhabits deserts of USA and Mexico. Its activity patter... more Red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) inhabits deserts of USA and Mexico. Its activity patterns are well known in temperate deserts, but they have not been studied in tropical ones. We studied these patterns in the Tehucan Valley, a tropical desert in central Mexico. It had bimodal activity patterns in spring, summer, and fall while unimodal patterns in winter. These patterns differ from those reported for this species in temperate deserts where activity stopped in winter. Our results suggest that P. barbatus extends its activity periods and remains active all year round in the Tehuacan Valley.
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 2015
Se presentan los primeros registros de margay (Leopardus wiedii), gato montés (Lynx rufus), puma ... more Se presentan los primeros registros de margay (Leopardus wiedii), gato montés (Lynx rufus), puma (Puma concolor) y jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) en el sur del estado de Puebla. El trabajo de campo fue parte de una monitorización participativa que incluyó a las autoridades civiles del ejido. Se colocaron 11 estaciones de cámaras-trampa digitales que funcionaron del 18 de diciembre de 2012 al 18 de febrero de 2014. Con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 2,669 días-trampa y dentro del conjunto de registros obtenidos, se pudieron registrar por primera vez para la región 4 especies de felinos mediante 3 registros de L. wiedii, 26 de L. rufus, 7 de P. concolor y 4 de P. yagouaroundi. Fue posible con estos registros documentar la presencia de una hembra adulta de P. concolor con sus 2 crías. Los rangos de distribución conocidos de L. wiedii y P. yagouaroundi aumentaron en el centro de México. Las especies identificadas coexisten en la selva baja caducifolia del territorio ejidal
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 2021
El margay ( Leopardus wiedii ) es un felino en peligro de extincion debido principalmente a la pe... more El margay ( Leopardus wiedii ) es un felino en peligro de extincion debido principalmente a la perdida de su habitat. Las areas naturales protegidas (ANP) son importantes para la conservacion del margay debido a su preferencia por la vegetacion nativa con cobertura densa. Nuestro objetivo fue generar un modelo de distribucion potencial de L. wiedii en Mexico para identificar ANP desprovistas de registros georreferenciados de margay y con condiciones ambientales favorables para su presencia. Obtuvimos 97 registros con coordenadas geograficas unicas de 1944 a 2015, a los cuales se les realizo un analisis de rarefaccion. Utilizamos el algoritmo MaxEnt version 3.4.0 para generar el modelo de distribucion potencial (AUC = 0.8574) a partir de 66 registros sin correlacion espacial ni ambiental y 8 variables climaticas. El modelo fue superpuesto sobre mapas digitales de ANP y ecorregiones terrestres en Mexico. El modelado del nicho ecológico predijo alta idoneidad climática para la presencia del margay en 17 ANP que no presentaron registros con coordenadas geográficas del felino. El modelo también coincidió en 16 ANP con registros
georreferenciados de las cuales solo 2 ANP presentaron alta idoneidad climática. El modelo de distribución potencial es una interpretación de la distribución geográfica actual del margay y puede ser utilizado como guía para verificar en campo la presencia de la especie en las ANP.
The margay (Leopardus wiedii) is a small felid endangered mainly by habitat loss. Natural protected areas (ANP) are important for margay conservation due to the felid’s preference for native vegetation with dense coverage. Our objective was to generate a potential distribution model for L. wiedii in México to identify ANP devoid of georeferenced records of margay and with suitable environmental conditions for its presence. We obtained 97 records with unique geographic coordinates from 1944 to 2015, to which a rarefaction analysis was done. We used MaxEnt version 3.4.0 to generate the potential distribution model (AUC = 0.8574) from 66 records without spatial nor environmental correlation and 8 climatic variables. The model was overlaid on digital maps of ANP and terrestrial ecoregions of México. Ecological niche modeling predicted high climatic suitability for margay’s presence in 17 ANP that did not present records with geographic coordinates. The model also concurred in 16 ANP with georeferenced records from which only 2 ANP presented high climatic suitability. The potential distribution model is an interpretation of the margay’s contemporary geographic distribution and may be applied as a guide to verify the species’ presence
in the ANP.
Journal of Arid Environments, 2019
During a 4-year monitoring investigation of a mammalian community in a tropical dry forest in cen... more During a 4-year monitoring investigation of a mammalian community in a tropical dry forest in central México, we photo-captured southern spotted skunks (Spilogale angustifrons) following gray foxes (Urocyon ciner-eoargenteus) in 5 occasions. We were interested in disentangling why spotted skunks moved behind with gray foxes. Our objective was to determine activity patterns and distribution of sympatric gray foxes and southern spotted skunks, explore the frequency and timing of their co-occurrences, and infer about the circumstances of this previously unreported association. Camera trapping took place in Mount Tepetroja, within Tehuacán-Cuicatlán biosphere reserve. From 1 May 2013 thru 30 April 2017, with sampling effort of 18,282 trap-days, we obtained 1089 fox records and 21 skunk records; 5 of these records were of a skunk following a fox. Foxes were crepuscular and nocturnal and skunks nocturnal. Peak activity for foxes was μ = 23:17 h (95% CI = 23:01 to 23:32, r = 0.559), whereas for skunks μ = 1:36 h (95% CI = 00:46 to 02:26, r = 0.876). Our results suggested that skunk activity peak was subordinated to fox activity. We inferred that spotted skunks follow gray foxes maybe as an opportunistic behavior to facilitate mitigation of predation risk and enhance foraging. R E S U M E N Durante una investigación de monitoreo de una comunidad de mamíferos silvestres en una selva tropical ca-ducifolia en el centro de México que duró 4 años, obtuvimos 5 registros de foto-trampeo de zorrillo manchado (Spilogale angustifrons) siguiendo a la zorra gris (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Nuestro interés fue esclarecer por qué los zorrillos manchados siguen e las zorras grises, debido a la falta de estudios sobre interacciones interespecíficas entre estas dos especies. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar los patrones de actividad y distribución de zorras grises y zorrillos machados en simpatría en una reserva natural, explorar la frecuencia y el horario de su co-ocurrencia, e inferir acerca de las circunstancias de esta asociación interespecífica que no ha sido reportada antes. El fototrampeo se llevó a cabo en el Cerro Tepetroja que está localizado dentro de la reserva de la biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Del 1 mayo 2013 al 30 abril 2017, con un esfuerzo total de muestreo de 18,282 días-trampa, obtuvimos 1089 registros de zorra gris y 21 de zorrillo manchado, de los cuales en 5 se registraron a las dos especies. Como se esperaba, las zorras grises fueron principalmente crepusculares y nocturnas y los zorrillos fueron principalmente nocturnos. La mayor actividad para las zorras fue μ = 23:17 h (IC 95% = 23:01 a 23:32, r = 0.559), mientras que para los zorrillos μ = 1:36 h (IC 95% = 00:46 a 02:26, r = 0.876). Nuestros resultados sugirieron que la actividad cumbre de los zorrillos estuvo subordinada a la de las zorras. Inferimos que los zorrillos manchados van siguiendo a las zorras grises probablemente como un comportamiento oportunista para facilitar la mitigación del riesgo de depredación y optimizar la provisión de alimento.
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 2021
Puma (Puma concolor) coexists with bobcat (Lynx rufus) in Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (R... more Puma (Puma concolor) coexists with bobcat (Lynx rufus) in Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (RBTC). Because P. concolor is the largest feline in central México, puma’s presence is an indicator of ecological integrity. Our objective was to compare puma and bobcat density in a conserved area within the reserve. We deployed 15 camera stations along the ridge and a dry riverbed in Mount Tepetroja in tropical dry forest. To estimate population density, we used capture-recapture models and analyzed images from 1 May 2013 to 30 April 2017 with MARK software and CAPTURE tool. For puma, we obtained a density of 6.8 ind/100 km2 in an effective trapping area (ETA) of 70 km2, and a mean maximum distance moved (MMDM) of 2.46 ± 0.45 km. For bobcat, our population density estimate (15.4 ind/100 km2 in ETA of 38 km2) and MMDM (1.76 ± 0.41 km) is the first for central Mexico in conserved native vegetation. Puma abundance was lower compared to bobcat abundance in the reserve’s tropical dry forest; therefore, we infer that the wild felids' density is determined by their body size in an ecosystem with ecological integrity.
El puma (Puma concolor) coexiste con el gato montés (Lynx rufus) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (RBTC). El puma es el felino de mayor tamaño en el centro de México, por lo que su presencia es un indicador de integridad ecológica. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar la densidad de puma y de gato montés en una zona
conservada dentro del área natural protegida. Colocamos 15 estaciones de fototrampeo a lo largo de la cima y de una cañada del cerro Tepetroja, en selva baja caducifolia. Para estimar la densidad poblacional utilizamos modelos de captura-recaptura y analizamos las imágenes del 1 de mayo de 2013 al 30 abril de 2017 con el programa MARK y la herramienta CAPTURE. Para el puma obtuvimos una densidad de 6.8 ± 2.0 ind/100 km2 en un área efectiva de muestreo (“effective trapping area”, ETA) de 70 km2 y un promedio de distancia máxima de desplazamiento (“mean maximum distance moved”, MMDM) de 2.46 ± 0.45 km. Para el gato montés, nuestra estimación de la densidad poblacional (15.4 ± 3.5 ind/100 km2 en ETA de 38 km2) y distancia de desplazamiento (MMDM = 1.76 ± 0.41 km)
es la primera para el centro de México en vegetación nativa conservada. La abundancia de los pumas fue menor que la abundancia de los gatos monteses en la selva baja caducifolia de la reserva, por lo que inferimos que la densidad de los felinos silvestres está determinada por su tamaño corporal en un ecosistema que preserva su integridad ecológica.
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Papers by Verónica Farías-González
georreferenciados de las cuales solo 2 ANP presentaron alta idoneidad climática. El modelo de distribución potencial es una interpretación de la distribución geográfica actual del margay y puede ser utilizado como guía para verificar en campo la presencia de la especie en las ANP.
The margay (Leopardus wiedii) is a small felid endangered mainly by habitat loss. Natural protected areas (ANP) are important for margay conservation due to the felid’s preference for native vegetation with dense coverage. Our objective was to generate a potential distribution model for L. wiedii in México to identify ANP devoid of georeferenced records of margay and with suitable environmental conditions for its presence. We obtained 97 records with unique geographic coordinates from 1944 to 2015, to which a rarefaction analysis was done. We used MaxEnt version 3.4.0 to generate the potential distribution model (AUC = 0.8574) from 66 records without spatial nor environmental correlation and 8 climatic variables. The model was overlaid on digital maps of ANP and terrestrial ecoregions of México. Ecological niche modeling predicted high climatic suitability for margay’s presence in 17 ANP that did not present records with geographic coordinates. The model also concurred in 16 ANP with georeferenced records from which only 2 ANP presented high climatic suitability. The potential distribution model is an interpretation of the margay’s contemporary geographic distribution and may be applied as a guide to verify the species’ presence
in the ANP.
El puma (Puma concolor) coexiste con el gato montés (Lynx rufus) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (RBTC). El puma es el felino de mayor tamaño en el centro de México, por lo que su presencia es un indicador de integridad ecológica. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar la densidad de puma y de gato montés en una zona
conservada dentro del área natural protegida. Colocamos 15 estaciones de fototrampeo a lo largo de la cima y de una cañada del cerro Tepetroja, en selva baja caducifolia. Para estimar la densidad poblacional utilizamos modelos de captura-recaptura y analizamos las imágenes del 1 de mayo de 2013 al 30 abril de 2017 con el programa MARK y la herramienta CAPTURE. Para el puma obtuvimos una densidad de 6.8 ± 2.0 ind/100 km2 en un área efectiva de muestreo (“effective trapping area”, ETA) de 70 km2 y un promedio de distancia máxima de desplazamiento (“mean maximum distance moved”, MMDM) de 2.46 ± 0.45 km. Para el gato montés, nuestra estimación de la densidad poblacional (15.4 ± 3.5 ind/100 km2 en ETA de 38 km2) y distancia de desplazamiento (MMDM = 1.76 ± 0.41 km)
es la primera para el centro de México en vegetación nativa conservada. La abundancia de los pumas fue menor que la abundancia de los gatos monteses en la selva baja caducifolia de la reserva, por lo que inferimos que la densidad de los felinos silvestres está determinada por su tamaño corporal en un ecosistema que preserva su integridad ecológica.
georreferenciados de las cuales solo 2 ANP presentaron alta idoneidad climática. El modelo de distribución potencial es una interpretación de la distribución geográfica actual del margay y puede ser utilizado como guía para verificar en campo la presencia de la especie en las ANP.
The margay (Leopardus wiedii) is a small felid endangered mainly by habitat loss. Natural protected areas (ANP) are important for margay conservation due to the felid’s preference for native vegetation with dense coverage. Our objective was to generate a potential distribution model for L. wiedii in México to identify ANP devoid of georeferenced records of margay and with suitable environmental conditions for its presence. We obtained 97 records with unique geographic coordinates from 1944 to 2015, to which a rarefaction analysis was done. We used MaxEnt version 3.4.0 to generate the potential distribution model (AUC = 0.8574) from 66 records without spatial nor environmental correlation and 8 climatic variables. The model was overlaid on digital maps of ANP and terrestrial ecoregions of México. Ecological niche modeling predicted high climatic suitability for margay’s presence in 17 ANP that did not present records with geographic coordinates. The model also concurred in 16 ANP with georeferenced records from which only 2 ANP presented high climatic suitability. The potential distribution model is an interpretation of the margay’s contemporary geographic distribution and may be applied as a guide to verify the species’ presence
in the ANP.
El puma (Puma concolor) coexiste con el gato montés (Lynx rufus) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (RBTC). El puma es el felino de mayor tamaño en el centro de México, por lo que su presencia es un indicador de integridad ecológica. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar la densidad de puma y de gato montés en una zona
conservada dentro del área natural protegida. Colocamos 15 estaciones de fototrampeo a lo largo de la cima y de una cañada del cerro Tepetroja, en selva baja caducifolia. Para estimar la densidad poblacional utilizamos modelos de captura-recaptura y analizamos las imágenes del 1 de mayo de 2013 al 30 abril de 2017 con el programa MARK y la herramienta CAPTURE. Para el puma obtuvimos una densidad de 6.8 ± 2.0 ind/100 km2 en un área efectiva de muestreo (“effective trapping area”, ETA) de 70 km2 y un promedio de distancia máxima de desplazamiento (“mean maximum distance moved”, MMDM) de 2.46 ± 0.45 km. Para el gato montés, nuestra estimación de la densidad poblacional (15.4 ± 3.5 ind/100 km2 en ETA de 38 km2) y distancia de desplazamiento (MMDM = 1.76 ± 0.41 km)
es la primera para el centro de México en vegetación nativa conservada. La abundancia de los pumas fue menor que la abundancia de los gatos monteses en la selva baja caducifolia de la reserva, por lo que inferimos que la densidad de los felinos silvestres está determinada por su tamaño corporal en un ecosistema que preserva su integridad ecológica.