Papers by Gabriela Espinosa
Recial, 2020
El sur argentino chileno demanda el estudio unificado de su cultura, por su base geográfica común... more El sur argentino chileno demanda el estudio unificado de su cultura, por su base geográfica común, los procesos migratorios transnacionales a uno y otro lado de la cordillera de los Andes, los lazos sociales, étnicos, lingüísticos y comerciales anteriores a la formación de los Estados nacionales, que perduraron por encima de los límites fijados. Sobre la base de los estudios de Ana Pizarro en los que indaga la conformación de áreas culturales (1987, 2002, 2004, 2009), los de la historiadora Susana Bandieri sobre la Patagonia (2005) y los trabajos de investigación impulsados por Laura Pollastri y nucleados en el Centro Patagónico de Estudios Latinoamericanos (Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 2000 en adelante), el presente trabajo propone la delimitación e integración de un área cultural referida al espacio latinoamericano, a partir de los núcleos problemáticos que permiten considerar este amplio territorio como heterogéneo y unificado.
Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo = Iberoamerican journal of development studies, 2021
This article analyzes the experiences of the small Shuar community of Kenkuim (Congüime) in the E... more This article analyzes the experiences of the small Shuar community of Kenkuim (Congüime) in the Ecuadorian Amazon that since 2016 carries out gold mining through the communitarian company Exploken Minera. The case is unique in South America, not only for being the only example of indigenous mining granted formal state concession, but also for its green profile, without the usage of chemicals or heavy metals. Within a setting of expanding extractivism conditioned by global capitalism and a theoretical framework of a decolonial and postcapitalist approach to sustainability, this ethnographic study deals with the expressions of resistance and adaptation of the Kenkuim community and how socio-cultural, ecological, and economic values are articulated by Shuar actors in relation to the new indigenous mining project. The results indicate that this mining experiment constitutes a meaningful alternative to destructive extractivism in line with decolonial and postcapitalist reasoning.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2016
• Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) rely on clinical decision support tools to identify in... more • Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) rely on clinical decision support tools to identify intervention opportunities. • SHC ASP case finding relied on screening a daily report of active antimicrobial orders.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2016
Cuadernos Del Cilha, 2011
chilena, el agua se vuelve una de las figuras dominantes que aparece en la escritura en sus diver... more chilena, el agua se vuelve una de las figuras dominantes que aparece en la escritura en sus diversas manifestaciones: como lluvia, rocío, río, vertientes, arroyo, lagunas, lagos, mar, entre otras; atraviesa el imaginario a tal punto que el hablante poético o el narrador parecieran estar buscando tierra firme, un isla donde anclar su escritura. En el presente trabajo me interesa indagar cómo se textualiza este elemento primordial en las composiciones mínimas que integran el corpus de microrrelatos producidos en ambas Patagonias, y en especial en el sur de Chile, teniendo en cuenta que el paisaje hídrico e insular creado en los textos no implica determinismo geográfico o regional sino la proyección de una percepción del mundo.
La multiplicidad de manifestaciones que produjo la narrativa brevísima en Hispanoamérica, desde l... more La multiplicidad de manifestaciones que produjo la narrativa brevísima en Hispanoamérica, desde los umbrales del siglo XX hasta nuestros días, fue configurando un género literario que adquirió, paulatinamente, visibilidad e importancia en el campo cultural. esta modulación literaria-cuya designación aún se encuentra en discusión: «minificción», «microcuento», «minicuento», «cuento brevísimo» o «microrrelato» son algunas de sus posibles denominaciones-no sólo fue conquistando un público lector sino que adquirió tal presencia que se engendraron, en torno a ella, numerosas instancias de producción, difusión y consagración. Las publicaciones en revistas, en antologías, en volúmenes de autor, por países, por regiones, de estudios teóricos y críticos, de incorporaciones en programas de estudios académicos, de concreción de congresos nacionales e internacionales, jornadas y encuentros dedicados al tema, las diversas ferias de libros que incorporan mesas de lectura y debates, la creación de editoriales dedicadas exclusivamente a publicar este fenómeno, entre otros, constituyeron los diversos modos de regulación del género, de incorporación de modalidades y variantes, así como de consolidación de una genealogía insoslayable. Figuras como Jorge
La Era De La Brevedad El Microrrelato Hispanico Actas Del Iv Congreso Internacional De Minificcion Universidad De Neuchâtel 6 8 De Noviembre De 2006 2008 Isbn 978 84 96675 23 0 Pags 439 454, 2008
El Cuento En Red Estudios Sobre La Ficcion Breve, 2007
Microtextualidades. Revista Internacional de microrrelato y minificción
El presente trabajo aborda la revista Caballo de Proa (Valdivia, 1981 - 2013) en tanto textualida... more El presente trabajo aborda la revista Caballo de Proa (Valdivia, 1981 - 2013) en tanto textualidad heterogénea potenciada que se construyó como una publicación con espacios dinámicos, de circulación e intersección de discursos altamente significativos para el estudio no sólo de la literatura, sino de la historia y la sociología cultural, la historia de las ideas y la historia intelectual, de un determinado espacio cultural: el sur de Chile. Para su análisis, recurro, entre otras, a la idea de que los protocolos de lectura de Caballo de proa se corresponden con los del microrrelato, partiendo del concepto del microrrelato como estrategia de lectura propuesto por Laura Pollastri, a lo largo de una serie de estudios críticos y teóricos (2006). Este concepto habilita la lectura de una revista como Caballo de proa en esa dirección: su formato (8 cm por 11cm), su condensación, la brevedad de sus componentes, la figura de Pedro Guillermo Jara hilvanando fragmentos o textos breves, proponie...
PLoS ONE, 2012
Extracellular amyloid-b (Ab) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles constitute the maj... more Extracellular amyloid-b (Ab) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles constitute the major neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is now apparent that parenchymal Ab plaque deposition precedes behavioral signs of disease by several years. The development of agents that can target these plaques may be useful as diagnostic or therapeutic tools. In this study, we synthesized an Ab-targeted lipid conjugate, incorporated it in stealth liposomal nanoparticles and tested their ability to bind amyloid plaque deposits in an AD mouse model. The results show that the particles maintain binding profiles to synthetic Ab aggregates comparable to the free ligand, and selectively bind Ab plaque deposits in brain tissue sections of an AD mouse model (APP/PSEN1 transgenic mice) with high efficiency. When administered intravenously, these long circulating nanoparticles appear to cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to Ab plaque deposits, labeling parenchymal amyloid deposits and vascular amyloid characteristic of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Revista chilena de cirugía, 2014
Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto
AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings / AMIA Symposium. AMIA Symposium, 2012
Proposed is a method for statistical analysis for a small sample size, repeated measure experimen... more Proposed is a method for statistical analysis for a small sample size, repeated measure experiment with nesting factors. In the original experiment the Student t-test was used for analysis. Using the same data, we modeled the experiment into two groups of mice with benign and malignant primary lung tumors. 4 tumor nodules were selected from each mouse (N= 36). The dependent variables are the volume, diameter, and signal attenuation measured using computed tomography (CT). The measurements are made before injecting the contrast and at 0, 72, and 168 hours after injection. The contrast agent enhances tumor nodule volume and volume differences between benign and malignant tumor nodules measured across time (p < 0.05). The signal attenuation measured across time differentiates between benign and malignant groups (p < 0.05). There is significant correlation between rate of change of volume and diameter of tumor. The advantages of this statistical method are discussed.
Revista Iberoamericana, 2004
Existe una revista mensual de crítica en el México de los años treinta que constituye un caso poc... more Existe una revista mensual de crítica en el México de los años treinta que constituye un caso poco difundido y olvidado por los críticos e historiadores de la literatura que se dedican al estudio de las revistas culturales en América Latina; la mirada se concentra, en general, en torno a lo producido por el grupo literario mexicano Contemporáneos y la revista homónima que éste produce. Crisol. Revista mensual de crítica (1929 y 1934), resulta de vital importancia al momento de conocer una publicación periódica de crítica que, por la misma época, se ubica en otro sector del campo cultural y atiende las causas de un proceso único en nuestro continente: la institucionalización de la Revolución Mexicana. En ese contexto, la toma de posición del grupo de Crisol es clara y altamente significativa: desde el nombre del grupo responsable de la producción de la revista y que se constituye en su redactor colectivo, el Bloque de Obreros Intelectuales de México (en adelante, el B.O.I.), pasando por su programa y hasta lo que en cada número se publica, autoriza a considerar a Crisol un órgano "oficialista". Los cargos del grupo de editores de la revista varían con el tiempo. Durante los primeros años, la
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011
The concept of membrane fluidity usually refers to a high molecular mobility inside the lipid bil... more The concept of membrane fluidity usually refers to a high molecular mobility inside the lipid bilayer which enables lateral diffusion of embedded proteins. Fluids have the ability to flow under an applied shear stress whereas solids resist shear deformations. Biological membranes require both properties for their function: high lateral fluidity and structural rigidity. Consequently, an adequate account must include, in addition to viscosity, the possibility for a nonzero shear modulus. This knowledge is still lacking as measurements of membrane shear properties have remained incomplete so far. In the present contribution we report a surface shear rheology study of different lipid monolayers that model distinct biologically relevant situations. The results evidence a large variety of mechanical behavior under lateral shear flow.
PLoS ONE, 2012
Several copy number-altered regions (CNAs) have been identified in the genome of cervical cancer,... more Several copy number-altered regions (CNAs) have been identified in the genome of cervical cancer, notably, amplifications of 3q and 5p. However, the contribution of copy-number alterations to cervical carcinogenesis is unresolved because genome-wide there exists a lack of correlation between copy-number alterations and gene expression. In this study, we investigated whether CNAs in the cell lines CaLo, CaSki, HeLa, and SiHa were associated with changes in gene expression. On average, 19.2% of the cell-line genomes had CNAs. However, only 2.4% comprised minimal recurrent regions (MRRs) common to all the cell lines. Whereas 3q had limited common gains (13%), 5p was entirely duplicated recurrently. Genomewide, only 15.6% of genes located in CNAs changed gene expression; in contrast, the rate in MRRs was up to 3 times this. Chr 5p was confirmed entirely amplified by FISH; however, maximum 33.5% of the explored genes in 5p were deregulated. In 3q, this rate was 13.4%. Even in 3q26, which had 5 MRRs and 38.7% recurrently gained SNPs, the rate was only 15.1%. Interestingly, up to 19% of deregulated genes in 5p and 73% in 3q26 were downregulated, suggesting additional factors were involved in gene repression. The deregulated genes in 3q and 5p occurred in clusters, suggesting local chromatin factors may also influence gene expression. In regions amplified discontinuously, downregulated genes increased steadily as the number of amplified SNPs increased (p,0.01, Spearman's correlation). Therefore, partial gene amplification may function in silencing gene expression. Additional genes in 1q, 3q and 5p could be involved in cervical carcinogenesis, specifically in apoptosis. These include PARP1 in 1q, TNFSF10 and ECT2 in 3q and CLPTM1L, AHRR, PDCD6, and DAP in 5p. Overall, gene expression and copy-number profiles reveal factors other than gene dosage, like epigenetic or chromatin domains, may influence gene expression within the entirely amplified genome segments.
Anclajes, 2004
La participacidn de ios productores mexicanos de ios anos 1920 en espacios pubiicos modemos se en... more La participacidn de ios productores mexicanos de ios anos 1920 en espacios pubiicos modemos se encuentra intimamente iigada a su insercibn probiemdtica en el campo intelectuai. Los Integrantes del movimiento Estridentista, ios dei grupo Contempordneos asumen un r^imen de patrocinio estatai, pero sus dmbitos de producci6n y de intercambio tienen reiaci6n con formas de sociabiiidad modemas. Si bien persisten imaginan'os y pr^cticas sociaies heredadas del siglo XIX, los procesos de modemlzaci6n efectivamente modifican dichas practicas en las ciudades latinoamericanas de principios de siglo. Aparecen, por un lado, eiementos concretos del espacio pubiico modemo: la ciudad, ia calle, el caf6, ia imprenta, sin que esto suponga ia desapancibn totai de modos de relaci6n sociai arcaicos: por otro, a partir de una redefinlcidn de lo pubiico y lo pnVado, adquiere reievancia el taiier literario de Efr6n Hemdndez en tanto colabora con nuevos modos de produccibn de ia escritura y de la lectura. Me propongo en ei presente trabajo desan-ollar dos de los lugares de encuentro en los que ios inteiectuaies mexicanos de ia 6poca intercambian opiniones, generan esteticas, producen textos, conciben la participacidn ciudadana en la vida poiitico institucional del pais de un modo diverso: los caf^s y los taiieres iiterarios.
Catalysis Today, 2005
This work presents the characterization of carbon on deactivated Pt-Sn/Al 2 O 3 industrial cataly... more This work presents the characterization of carbon on deactivated Pt-Sn/Al 2 O 3 industrial catalysts, with Pt-Sn (0.3-0.3 wt.%) and g-Al 2 O 3 (with 0.9 wt.% Cl). The samples were deactivated in different cycles of industrial operation and compared with a catalyst deactivated in methylcyclopentane (MCP) reaction under laboratory conditions. Different sets of samples were used: (a) PS0 (deactivation under laboratory conditions); (b) PS1, with one cycle of industrial operation; and (c) PS2, with 106 cycles of industrial operation. Deactivated catalysts were analyzed and characterized using a combination of different techniques: elemental analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), temperatureprogrammed oxidation (TPO) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for solids (NMR). The 13 C-CP/MAS NMR spectra were very similar, indicating the presence of aromatic carbons. TPO profiles showed differences between the samples deactivated during industrial operation and that deactivated in the MCP reaction. In the case of industrial catalysts, one type of carbon was detected. In contrast, the catalyst deactivated under laboratory conditions showed two types of carbon or two types of adsorption sites. AFM images revealed two types of coke morphology, granulate and laminate, which were characterized at the nanometer scale. Our results show that the characteristics of the coke depend on the deactivation process, and that coke on the industrial catalyst could be successfully described and defined. However, to correlate all the data obtained from different techniques and to understand the complete mechanism of coke formation, more detailed analysis should be performed.
Biophysical Journal, 2011
The compression and shear viscoelasticities of egg-ceramide and its mixtures with sphingomyelin w... more The compression and shear viscoelasticities of egg-ceramide and its mixtures with sphingomyelin were investigated using oscillatory surface rheology performed on Langmuir monolayers. We found high values for the compression and shear moduli for ceramide, compatible with a solid-state membrane, and extremely high surface viscosities when compared to typical fluid lipids. A fluidlike rheological behavior was found for sphingomyelin. Lateral mobilities, measured from particle tracking experiments, were correlated with the monolayer viscosities through the usual hydrodynamic relationships. In conclusion, ceramide increases the solid character of sphingomyelin-based membranes and decreases their fluidity, thus drastically decreasing the lateral mobilities of embedded objects. This mechanical behavior may involve important physiological consequences in biological membranes containing ceramides.
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Papers by Gabriela Espinosa