Papers by iris publishers
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
acid substitution of glycine to bulkier amino acids in the collagen triple helix structure. The l... more acid substitution of glycine to bulkier amino acids in the collagen triple helix structure. The larger amino acid sidechains cause steric hindrance resulting in a bulge in the collagen complex which disturbs the molecular nanomechanics and the interaction between molecules. The defective collagen is supposed to be eliminated by hydrolysis. However, failure to eliminate defective collagen results in abnormal relationship between the collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals leading to bone brittleness [1-5]. Materials and Methods A case of Ekman-Lobstein syndrome associated with significant disability because of the lack of effective treatment was studied. The medical literature was reviewed for the recent research evidence
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Stiff knee occurs in between 2% and 23% of total knee arthroplasty patients. Resolution of a stif... more Stiff knee occurs in between 2% and 23% of total knee arthroplasty patients. Resolution of a stiff knee is critical for patients' quality of life following a TKA. Historically, treatment options include physical therapy, manipulation under anesthesia, arthroscopic lysis, and open lysis. Excluding physical therapy, the other options all require anesthesia, with procedures usually being done in a hospital or surgical center. Here, we report on a new non-surgical alternative that is done in patients' homes and is as efficacious as a manipulation under anesthesia.
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Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been used to treat degenerative cervical spine... more Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been used to treat degenerative cervical spine diseases for almost six decades. Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) has emerged as a promising potential alternative to ACDF in appropriately selected patients. Despite a history of excellent outcomes after ACDF, the question as to whether fusion leads to adjacent segment degeneration remains unanswered. Early clinical outcomes show that CDA is as effective as the standard ACDF. However, it is also associated with a number of complications. Although there is no definitive evidence that cervical disc replacement reduces the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration, it does show other advantages; for example, faster return to work, and reduced need for postoperative bracing.
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
Dear editor, from the point of view of law and medicine, the advice of family members with patien... more Dear editor, from the point of view of law and medicine, the advice of family members with patients who have lethal diseases are complex, because many of them are incompatible with life such as tanatoforic dysplasia and achondrogenesis. It is complex considering several points; As they are due to mutations in lethal genes, the products are incompatible with life, or die in the first days after birth. And for their study it is necessary to take blood samples or biopsies of several tissues from the relatives of the patients, to extract DNA, RNA and look for de novo mutations, germ mutations, and/or mechanisms. In this sense, as it implies risk, it is very difficult for family members to agree to participate in the study, especially when they are asymptomatic or when they have not apparent benefit. For this reason, specialists in the area of orthopedics, genetics and pediatrics, who are the ones who attend to these patients, must raise awareness among family members so that they can participate, weighing the risk of benefit [1-5].
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
In 2008, the American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists (ACOG) put together a special co... more In 2008, the American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists (ACOG) put together a special committee to produce
recommendations on the role of transvaginal sonography to
evaluate endometrium in postmenopausal women [1]. Transvaginal
ultrasonography usually is sufficient for an initial evaluation of
postmenopausal bleeding if the ultrasound images reveal a thin
endometrial echo (less than or equal to 4 mm), given that an
endometrial thickness of 4mm or less has a greater than 99%
negative predictive value for endometrial value for endometrial
cancer
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License WJGWH.MS.ID.000539. Introduc... more This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License WJGWH.MS.ID.000539. Introduction Interestingly, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) were discovered two thousand years ago but our knowledge and data about their nature and pathogenesis are still limited [1]. These disorders can affect many pregnant women all over the world putting them, their families and their countries under significant health burden. For instance, in USA, 240.000 pregnant suffer HDP which equal to 6-12% of all pregnancies [2] and this accounts for 10% of maternal morality being the second common cause of maternal death after postpartum hemorrhage [3]. Moreover, HDP may cause intrauterine fetal death, intrauterine growth restriction and prematurity [4]. Higher prevalence of HDP was found in African Americans, obese, patients with renal disease, chronic hypertensive patients, patients with autoimmune diseases, multiple pregnancy, diabetics and in pregnant women >35 years old or less than twenty [5,6]. Moreover, when we imagine the size of that problem in developing countries, we realize that it is a real disaster affecting families worldwide [7]. Many societies try to classify HDP in spite of presence of an overlap between these classes and subgroups under each category [1]. According to The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working group on High blood pressure in pregnancy, HDP is classified into chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia-eclampsia, and preeclampsiaeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension [7]. There is difference in hemodynamic and neurohormonal profile of each category [8]. The main goal of all research efforts in treating HDP is how to prevent highly morbid complications and mortality of HDP that may affect both mother and fetus [9]. Mothers with HDP are at risk of renal and liver failure as part of multisystem nature
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License WJGWH.MS.ID.000538. TORCHES,... more This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License WJGWH.MS.ID.000538. TORCHES, or the TORCH infections), are a medical acronym for a set of perinatal infections [4], i.e., infections that are passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. The TORCH infections can lead to severe fetal anomalies or even fetal loss. They are a group of viral,
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Background: Antenatal steroids become a routine daily practice before elective Cesarean deliverie... more Background: Antenatal steroids become a routine daily practice before elective Cesarean deliveries in Egypt. These drugs were recommended only from 24 weeks to 34 weeks of gestation to minimize respiratory morbidities in newborn. Steroids are not without side effects or complications for both the baby and the mother. Objective: To evaluate the evidence regarding the use of antenatal steroids at term prior to scheduled cesarean delivery.
Iris Publsihers LLC, 2019
In 1986, the CDC established the pregnancy mortality
surveillance system to evaluate clinical iss... more In 1986, the CDC established the pregnancy mortality
surveillance system to evaluate clinical issues surrounding
maternal death. At its inception the number of maternal deaths
was noted to be 7.2/100,000; in 2019, three decades later, the rate
has almost tripled-with Black women disproportionately affected,
no matter the socioeconomic status. The cause of this disparity
remains unclear. Extant studies have proposed myriad factors,
inclusive of prenatal infections, lack of prenatal care and medical
co-morbidities, during pregnancy as critical. While these internal
factors are important, what impact do external influences, such as
racism and implicit bias factor into the dismal perinatal outcomes
that are prevalent in 2019? This editorial will explore internal and
external forces impacting perinatal health for women of color.
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
Clinical pharmacists give valuable administrations to grown-up patients, however their advantages... more Clinical pharmacists give valuable administrations to grown-up patients, however their advantages for pediatric and neonatal emergency clinic patients are less characterized [1]. The 2016
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
A series of novel potential DNA intercalators of symmetrical 1,2-phenylenediamine Schiff’s base d... more A series of novel potential DNA intercalators of symmetrical 1,2-phenylenediamine Schiff’s base derivatives were synthesized. The binding
properties of these compounds to genomic DNA (G-DNA) have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Ethidium binding to DNA significantly
enhanced its fluorescence making it a convenient probe to evaluate DNA binding of many drugs. The addition of a DNA binding agent induces a
progressive decrease in fluorescence of ethidium due to its displacement from the duplex. This also allows distinguishing non-intercalative binding
agents from intercalating agents: agents having a huge site size groove binder need correspondingly smaller concentrations to saturate the sites. The
results indicate that all the targeted compounds can interact with G-DNA, and among them, SW7 (1,1’-((1E,1’E)-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))
bis(methanylylidene))bis(naphthalen-2-ol)), showed the highest key selection vector (KSV) value, suggest that compound SW7, binds most strongly
to G-DNA.
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The philosophy of MIRCE Science is based on the premise that the purpose for the existence of any... more The philosophy of MIRCE Science is based on the premise that the purpose for the existence of any functionable system is to do functionability work. The work is done when the expected measurable function is performed through time. In MIRCE Science a flight crew is considered as an element of a flying system type. MIRCE Mechanics is a part of MIRCE Science that focuses on the scientific understanding of the mechanisms of the interactions between functionability elements and the consequences on functionability performance. The research performed shown that pilots and flight crews on aircraft is twice as likely as the general population to develop life-threatening melanoma skin cancer. On average, those who developed melanoma were 42% more likely to die compared with the general population. With progress in aviation technology, aircraft will fly longer and at higher altitudes attracting more and more passengers demanding more and more flights. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanism of interactions between the high-altitude ultraviolet radiation on functionability of flight crew.
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Introduction: the objective of this investigation is to analyses the advances of understanding in... more Introduction: the objective of this investigation is to analyses the advances of understanding in the epigenetic processes and to extract conclusions concerning the information-based evolution from the perspective of the Informational Model of Consciousness (IMC). Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms: it is shown that the study of the epigenetic mechanisms are of increasing interest not only to discover the responsible mechanisms of some diseases, but also to observe the acquisition and transmission mechanisms of some traits to the next generation/ transgenerations, without affecting the DNA sequences. These advances were especially supported by the spectacular progresses in the high technological tools like digital microfluidic techniques and semiconductor-based detection systems, allowing to apply sequencing methods of DNA and to observe its structural modifications. The specific typical steps of the epigenetic mechanisms are analysed, showing that these mechanisms could be fully described in terms of information, as signal transmission agents embodying or disembodying information in three different stages and under specific conditions, including especially the signal persistence as a main conditional epigenetic factor. Results concerning the information-assisted evolution from the perspective of IMC: the epigenetic mechanisms are discussed as a function of each component of the informational system of the organism, consisting in memory, decisional operability, emotional reactivity, metabolic driving processes, genetic transmission, genetic info-generator and the info-connection explaining the special extra-power properties of the mind. It is shown that the epigenetic mechanisms could be related to the specific functions of each informational component, mainly exhibiting five levels of integration of information as matter-related information, culminating with the stable integration in the procreation cells and transmission to the next generation. The results were extended to explain the transgenerational adaptive processes of isolated population groups. Conclusion: the epigenetic mechanisms discussed within IMC allow to understand the transgenerational adaptation as an information-assisted process.
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
This paper presents a brief review on medical applications of one of the fast-growing technologie... more This paper presents a brief review on medical applications of one of the fast-growing technologies namely 3D printing. It provides means for fabricating 3D human organs which can be used for training purposes and planning surgeries. Moreover, 3D printed organs and prostheses can be implanted in patient body. This technology is being improved and the costs associated with that is reduced making it a vital field in biomedical engineering.
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
This research was aimed at studying the impact of food consumption pattern (FCP) via the Househol... more This research was aimed at studying the impact of food consumption pattern (FCP) via the Household Dietary Diversity Scores and Women
Dietary Diversity Scores and also Households incomeon the malnutrition status of women (MUAC) in the two zones, Sana’a Dry (SD) that represents
the rural part and Sana’a Temperate (ST) that represents the urban part of Sana’a Governorate, Yemen. The investigation based on data that extracted
from a comprehensive survey conducted by UNICEF during 2016 with a total sample of 1396 women in the reproductive age 15-49 years from
the two zones SD and ST. The prevalence of middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) in SD’s women is about 2.4 more than the ST’s women. The
relationship between income quintiles and MUAC in the two zones is highly significance (P-Value <0.001). Based on the income data of HHs, and the
exchange rate of 2016, it was found that 85.5% of HHs are living on less than 1US$ per capita/day. While MUAC rates are the highest among women
consuming cereals, miscellaneous, oils, sugar honey and diary in the SD zone, they are sugar honey, diary, oils and legumes in the ST zone. Only when
meat, fruits, eggs and seafood came into the FCP of women, MUAC rates have been reduced significantly in both zones. New thresholds for both HDDS
and WDDS that based on the mean number of food groups consumed (FGC) were suggested and lead to more realistic results.
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
Health fads come and go, and in the recent past our food
enemies have included fat, eggs, and glu... more Health fads come and go, and in the recent past our food
enemies have included fat, eggs, and gluten. In today’s health news,
sugar has become a very controversial topic. High fructose corn
syrup (HFCS) has become the new enemy. In addition, there seems
to be an assumption that ‘real sugar’ or ‘natural sugar’ is somehow
healthier. It’s not. It is still sugar
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
Objective: To identify the factors associated with the breastfeeding cessation before 12 months a... more Objective: To identify the factors associated with the breastfeeding cessation before 12 months age in Tshamalale village in the Democratic
Republic of Congo.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the feeding practices of children aged 1 to 4 years in the village of Tshamalale. It took place from
April 1st to 30th, 2013.
Results: All of our respondents (n=200) reported breastfeeding their children. Early initiation of breastfeeding was performed in 37% of cases.
The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 4.0±1.6 months (range: 1 day and 12 months) and the mean age of breastfeeding was 17.37±4, 70
months (range: 3 to 28 months). 85% (140/174) of respondents reported that they stopped breastfeeding their children between 13 and 24 months
of age. Late initiation to breastfeeding (OR=3.24 [1.18-8.92]) and child’s sibling rank first (OR=3.45 [1.18-10.10]) were factors that significantly
associated to breastfeeding cessation before the age of 12 months.
Conclusion: The study shows that there is an urgent need for mothers’ education on breastfeeding and weaning recommendations in Tshamalale.
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
The paper explores how insecurity in food accessibility is largely emerging especially within the... more The paper explores how insecurity in food accessibility is largely emerging especially within the younger generations who are unemployed,
or underemployed. Their income shortage usually deprive them of the quantity and quality of the food that they need. Such a situation causes
increasing vulnerabilities for them. Psychologically speaking, it contributes to overweight and obesity among many. Overeating often happens within
the poor-leading to various issues. Because of the aforementioned situation, culture of street food supply has emerged in increasing number of
developing countries to respond the demand of the increasing low-income people. Shortage of income not only creates food issues, but delays
marriage and formation of family in developing countries. This situation that leads to stigmas and lots of social problems in many developing
countries; eventually affect birth rates among younger generations. Jobs and earnings largely affect quality of life including access to healthy food
and housing. Unfortunately, food accessibility will be more serious in the decades to come with special reference to the developing world, as among
other barometers, more people will be residing in urban areas which are more consuming sectors
Iris Publishers LLC, 2019
Currently in the United States chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability. Ph... more Currently in the United States chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability. Physicians of today possess the greatest opportunity
to impact the long-term health of their patients through preventative medicine. Despite the transition from infectious diseases to chronic conditions,
many physicians today are inadequately prepared to practice preventative medicine. In addition, medical schools are largely failing to adjust
curriculum to best address this disease transition. The purpose of this study is to provide a follow up report of an article published by Mohammad
R. Torabi, PhD; Ran Tao, MPH; Stephen J. Jay, MD; and Courtney Olcott, MS, through a literature review of the inclusion of tobacco prevention/
cessation, nutrition/diet, and exercise physiology/fitness education in medical school curricula from 2011 to present day [1]. The previous article
found that the areas of tobacco prevention/cessation, nutrition/diet, and exercise physiology/fitness received the least amount of attention in
medical school’s curriculum despite many students feeling that these topics hold direct relevance to their learning, and offered recommendations in
an attempt to address this gap in education. Results of the current study found that since 2011 there is little evidence of medical schools adopting
the recommendations made by the previous article. The literature review also provided evidence that education pertaining to tobacco prevention/
cessation and nutrition/diet remains limited while education of exercise physiology/fitness has shown a slight increase. Results of this study indicate
that gaps in medical school curriculum are still prevalent, and further research should assess the prevalence of education of these topic areas and the
strategies medical schools are utilizing to best prepare students to practice preventative medicine to best address chronic diseases today
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Papers by iris publishers
Gynecologists (ACOG) put together a special committee to produce
recommendations on the role of transvaginal sonography to
evaluate endometrium in postmenopausal women [1]. Transvaginal
ultrasonography usually is sufficient for an initial evaluation of
postmenopausal bleeding if the ultrasound images reveal a thin
endometrial echo (less than or equal to 4 mm), given that an
endometrial thickness of 4mm or less has a greater than 99%
negative predictive value for endometrial value for endometrial
cancer
surveillance system to evaluate clinical issues surrounding
maternal death. At its inception the number of maternal deaths
was noted to be 7.2/100,000; in 2019, three decades later, the rate
has almost tripled-with Black women disproportionately affected,
no matter the socioeconomic status. The cause of this disparity
remains unclear. Extant studies have proposed myriad factors,
inclusive of prenatal infections, lack of prenatal care and medical
co-morbidities, during pregnancy as critical. While these internal
factors are important, what impact do external influences, such as
racism and implicit bias factor into the dismal perinatal outcomes
that are prevalent in 2019? This editorial will explore internal and
external forces impacting perinatal health for women of color.
properties of these compounds to genomic DNA (G-DNA) have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Ethidium binding to DNA significantly
enhanced its fluorescence making it a convenient probe to evaluate DNA binding of many drugs. The addition of a DNA binding agent induces a
progressive decrease in fluorescence of ethidium due to its displacement from the duplex. This also allows distinguishing non-intercalative binding
agents from intercalating agents: agents having a huge site size groove binder need correspondingly smaller concentrations to saturate the sites. The
results indicate that all the targeted compounds can interact with G-DNA, and among them, SW7 (1,1’-((1E,1’E)-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))
bis(methanylylidene))bis(naphthalen-2-ol)), showed the highest key selection vector (KSV) value, suggest that compound SW7, binds most strongly
to G-DNA.
Dietary Diversity Scores and also Households incomeon the malnutrition status of women (MUAC) in the two zones, Sana’a Dry (SD) that represents
the rural part and Sana’a Temperate (ST) that represents the urban part of Sana’a Governorate, Yemen. The investigation based on data that extracted
from a comprehensive survey conducted by UNICEF during 2016 with a total sample of 1396 women in the reproductive age 15-49 years from
the two zones SD and ST. The prevalence of middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) in SD’s women is about 2.4 more than the ST’s women. The
relationship between income quintiles and MUAC in the two zones is highly significance (P-Value <0.001). Based on the income data of HHs, and the
exchange rate of 2016, it was found that 85.5% of HHs are living on less than 1US$ per capita/day. While MUAC rates are the highest among women
consuming cereals, miscellaneous, oils, sugar honey and diary in the SD zone, they are sugar honey, diary, oils and legumes in the ST zone. Only when
meat, fruits, eggs and seafood came into the FCP of women, MUAC rates have been reduced significantly in both zones. New thresholds for both HDDS
and WDDS that based on the mean number of food groups consumed (FGC) were suggested and lead to more realistic results.
enemies have included fat, eggs, and gluten. In today’s health news,
sugar has become a very controversial topic. High fructose corn
syrup (HFCS) has become the new enemy. In addition, there seems
to be an assumption that ‘real sugar’ or ‘natural sugar’ is somehow
healthier. It’s not. It is still sugar
Republic of Congo.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the feeding practices of children aged 1 to 4 years in the village of Tshamalale. It took place from
April 1st to 30th, 2013.
Results: All of our respondents (n=200) reported breastfeeding their children. Early initiation of breastfeeding was performed in 37% of cases.
The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 4.0±1.6 months (range: 1 day and 12 months) and the mean age of breastfeeding was 17.37±4, 70
months (range: 3 to 28 months). 85% (140/174) of respondents reported that they stopped breastfeeding their children between 13 and 24 months
of age. Late initiation to breastfeeding (OR=3.24 [1.18-8.92]) and child’s sibling rank first (OR=3.45 [1.18-10.10]) were factors that significantly
associated to breastfeeding cessation before the age of 12 months.
Conclusion: The study shows that there is an urgent need for mothers’ education on breastfeeding and weaning recommendations in Tshamalale.
or underemployed. Their income shortage usually deprive them of the quantity and quality of the food that they need. Such a situation causes
increasing vulnerabilities for them. Psychologically speaking, it contributes to overweight and obesity among many. Overeating often happens within
the poor-leading to various issues. Because of the aforementioned situation, culture of street food supply has emerged in increasing number of
developing countries to respond the demand of the increasing low-income people. Shortage of income not only creates food issues, but delays
marriage and formation of family in developing countries. This situation that leads to stigmas and lots of social problems in many developing
countries; eventually affect birth rates among younger generations. Jobs and earnings largely affect quality of life including access to healthy food
and housing. Unfortunately, food accessibility will be more serious in the decades to come with special reference to the developing world, as among
other barometers, more people will be residing in urban areas which are more consuming sectors
to impact the long-term health of their patients through preventative medicine. Despite the transition from infectious diseases to chronic conditions,
many physicians today are inadequately prepared to practice preventative medicine. In addition, medical schools are largely failing to adjust
curriculum to best address this disease transition. The purpose of this study is to provide a follow up report of an article published by Mohammad
R. Torabi, PhD; Ran Tao, MPH; Stephen J. Jay, MD; and Courtney Olcott, MS, through a literature review of the inclusion of tobacco prevention/
cessation, nutrition/diet, and exercise physiology/fitness education in medical school curricula from 2011 to present day [1]. The previous article
found that the areas of tobacco prevention/cessation, nutrition/diet, and exercise physiology/fitness received the least amount of attention in
medical school’s curriculum despite many students feeling that these topics hold direct relevance to their learning, and offered recommendations in
an attempt to address this gap in education. Results of the current study found that since 2011 there is little evidence of medical schools adopting
the recommendations made by the previous article. The literature review also provided evidence that education pertaining to tobacco prevention/
cessation and nutrition/diet remains limited while education of exercise physiology/fitness has shown a slight increase. Results of this study indicate
that gaps in medical school curriculum are still prevalent, and further research should assess the prevalence of education of these topic areas and the
strategies medical schools are utilizing to best prepare students to practice preventative medicine to best address chronic diseases today
Gynecologists (ACOG) put together a special committee to produce
recommendations on the role of transvaginal sonography to
evaluate endometrium in postmenopausal women [1]. Transvaginal
ultrasonography usually is sufficient for an initial evaluation of
postmenopausal bleeding if the ultrasound images reveal a thin
endometrial echo (less than or equal to 4 mm), given that an
endometrial thickness of 4mm or less has a greater than 99%
negative predictive value for endometrial value for endometrial
cancer
surveillance system to evaluate clinical issues surrounding
maternal death. At its inception the number of maternal deaths
was noted to be 7.2/100,000; in 2019, three decades later, the rate
has almost tripled-with Black women disproportionately affected,
no matter the socioeconomic status. The cause of this disparity
remains unclear. Extant studies have proposed myriad factors,
inclusive of prenatal infections, lack of prenatal care and medical
co-morbidities, during pregnancy as critical. While these internal
factors are important, what impact do external influences, such as
racism and implicit bias factor into the dismal perinatal outcomes
that are prevalent in 2019? This editorial will explore internal and
external forces impacting perinatal health for women of color.
properties of these compounds to genomic DNA (G-DNA) have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Ethidium binding to DNA significantly
enhanced its fluorescence making it a convenient probe to evaluate DNA binding of many drugs. The addition of a DNA binding agent induces a
progressive decrease in fluorescence of ethidium due to its displacement from the duplex. This also allows distinguishing non-intercalative binding
agents from intercalating agents: agents having a huge site size groove binder need correspondingly smaller concentrations to saturate the sites. The
results indicate that all the targeted compounds can interact with G-DNA, and among them, SW7 (1,1’-((1E,1’E)-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))
bis(methanylylidene))bis(naphthalen-2-ol)), showed the highest key selection vector (KSV) value, suggest that compound SW7, binds most strongly
to G-DNA.
Dietary Diversity Scores and also Households incomeon the malnutrition status of women (MUAC) in the two zones, Sana’a Dry (SD) that represents
the rural part and Sana’a Temperate (ST) that represents the urban part of Sana’a Governorate, Yemen. The investigation based on data that extracted
from a comprehensive survey conducted by UNICEF during 2016 with a total sample of 1396 women in the reproductive age 15-49 years from
the two zones SD and ST. The prevalence of middle upper arm circumference (MUAC) in SD’s women is about 2.4 more than the ST’s women. The
relationship between income quintiles and MUAC in the two zones is highly significance (P-Value <0.001). Based on the income data of HHs, and the
exchange rate of 2016, it was found that 85.5% of HHs are living on less than 1US$ per capita/day. While MUAC rates are the highest among women
consuming cereals, miscellaneous, oils, sugar honey and diary in the SD zone, they are sugar honey, diary, oils and legumes in the ST zone. Only when
meat, fruits, eggs and seafood came into the FCP of women, MUAC rates have been reduced significantly in both zones. New thresholds for both HDDS
and WDDS that based on the mean number of food groups consumed (FGC) were suggested and lead to more realistic results.
enemies have included fat, eggs, and gluten. In today’s health news,
sugar has become a very controversial topic. High fructose corn
syrup (HFCS) has become the new enemy. In addition, there seems
to be an assumption that ‘real sugar’ or ‘natural sugar’ is somehow
healthier. It’s not. It is still sugar
Republic of Congo.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the feeding practices of children aged 1 to 4 years in the village of Tshamalale. It took place from
April 1st to 30th, 2013.
Results: All of our respondents (n=200) reported breastfeeding their children. Early initiation of breastfeeding was performed in 37% of cases.
The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 4.0±1.6 months (range: 1 day and 12 months) and the mean age of breastfeeding was 17.37±4, 70
months (range: 3 to 28 months). 85% (140/174) of respondents reported that they stopped breastfeeding their children between 13 and 24 months
of age. Late initiation to breastfeeding (OR=3.24 [1.18-8.92]) and child’s sibling rank first (OR=3.45 [1.18-10.10]) were factors that significantly
associated to breastfeeding cessation before the age of 12 months.
Conclusion: The study shows that there is an urgent need for mothers’ education on breastfeeding and weaning recommendations in Tshamalale.
or underemployed. Their income shortage usually deprive them of the quantity and quality of the food that they need. Such a situation causes
increasing vulnerabilities for them. Psychologically speaking, it contributes to overweight and obesity among many. Overeating often happens within
the poor-leading to various issues. Because of the aforementioned situation, culture of street food supply has emerged in increasing number of
developing countries to respond the demand of the increasing low-income people. Shortage of income not only creates food issues, but delays
marriage and formation of family in developing countries. This situation that leads to stigmas and lots of social problems in many developing
countries; eventually affect birth rates among younger generations. Jobs and earnings largely affect quality of life including access to healthy food
and housing. Unfortunately, food accessibility will be more serious in the decades to come with special reference to the developing world, as among
other barometers, more people will be residing in urban areas which are more consuming sectors
to impact the long-term health of their patients through preventative medicine. Despite the transition from infectious diseases to chronic conditions,
many physicians today are inadequately prepared to practice preventative medicine. In addition, medical schools are largely failing to adjust
curriculum to best address this disease transition. The purpose of this study is to provide a follow up report of an article published by Mohammad
R. Torabi, PhD; Ran Tao, MPH; Stephen J. Jay, MD; and Courtney Olcott, MS, through a literature review of the inclusion of tobacco prevention/
cessation, nutrition/diet, and exercise physiology/fitness education in medical school curricula from 2011 to present day [1]. The previous article
found that the areas of tobacco prevention/cessation, nutrition/diet, and exercise physiology/fitness received the least amount of attention in
medical school’s curriculum despite many students feeling that these topics hold direct relevance to their learning, and offered recommendations in
an attempt to address this gap in education. Results of the current study found that since 2011 there is little evidence of medical schools adopting
the recommendations made by the previous article. The literature review also provided evidence that education pertaining to tobacco prevention/
cessation and nutrition/diet remains limited while education of exercise physiology/fitness has shown a slight increase. Results of this study indicate
that gaps in medical school curriculum are still prevalent, and further research should assess the prevalence of education of these topic areas and the
strategies medical schools are utilizing to best prepare students to practice preventative medicine to best address chronic diseases today