Papers by Eduardo Reinoso
WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 2005
The behavior of rigid bodies with different shape ratios, located in some levels of buildings of ... more The behavior of rigid bodies with different shape ratios, located in some levels of buildings of the valley of Mexico and Acapulco, subjected to events of near and distant sources is modeled step by step. A fast estimation of the movement in the base of the content in a floor level of the building comes through a simplified model whose accuracy was proven in a parallel work to this (Arredondo et al [1]). Maps for toppling of contents appear as well as expressions to determine the amplification of the movement in a story of the building.
Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 2013
ABSTRACT Storm-related power outages cause approximately $270 million per year in repair costs in... more ABSTRACT Storm-related power outages cause approximately $270 million per year in repair costs in the United States. As a result of increasing sea surface temperatures caused by the changing climate, hurricane patterns (i.e., intensity/frequency) may change; however, there is much uncertainty as to how climate change may affect hurricane patterns. Implications of the changing hazard patterns on hurricane risk warrants an investigation to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on power distribution pole failure. This paper proposes a probabilistic framework to evaluate the vulnerability of power distribution poles to hurricanes under the potential impact of a changing climate. Two methods for the design of distribution poles in the United States, the National Electric Safety Code method and the ASCE method, are considered to investigate the difference of the vulnerability of a distribution pole subjected to hurricane hazard. The framework includes a reliability analysis of the designed power distribution poles using fragility analysis, the effects of degradation of timber poles, probabilistic wind models, and an assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on the annual failure probability of power distribution poles. This paper finds that climate change may have a significant effect on the structural failure probabilities of distribution poles. The age of the poles has a significant impact on the reliability of power distribution poles, which warrants the exploration of cost-effective methods to determine when a distribution pole should be replaced to ensure adequate strength to withstand wind loads. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000108. (c) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2006
... Dolce, M., Kappos, A., Zuccaro, G. and Coburn, AW (1994) Report of the EAEE Work-ing Group 3:... more ... Dolce, M., Kappos, A., Zuccaro, G. and Coburn, AW (1994) Report of the EAEE Work-ing Group 3: Vulnerability and risk analysis ... González, M., Susagna, T., Goula, X., Roca, A. and Safina, S. (2001) Una primera aproxim-ación de la vulnerabilidad sısmica de edificios esenciales ...
Natural Hazards, 2021
After an earthquake, a business often stops operating temporarily or permanently due to direct ef... more After an earthquake, a business often stops operating temporarily or permanently due to direct effects on the building (Initial security protocols and Physical damage to building components) or indirect effects (Suspension of public services, Neighborhood effects, Direct affectations to owner or employees and Contingent business interruption). In this research, we collected data from surveys applied in October and November 2019 to 227 micro-businesses established predominantly in buildings made of masonry or adobe of one and two storyes and located in three of the most damaged areas of Oaxaca by the earthquake of September 7th, 2017 to find out how this incident affected them. It has been observed that, out of the total of the surveyed businesses, 44% had to close for more than three months and that the two main sources of interruption were damages in the structural system or in the non-structural elements of the building and the absence of customers, and that 31% of the businesses ...
EL INSTITUTO DE INGENIERIA, EN COORDINACION CON DIVERSAS INSTITUCIONES MEXICANAS DE SEGUROS, DESA... more EL INSTITUTO DE INGENIERIA, EN COORDINACION CON DIVERSAS INSTITUCIONES MEXICANAS DE SEGUROS, DESARROLLO UN MODELO DE RIESGOS HIDROMETEOROLOGICOS QUE PERMITE CALCULAR CON MAYOR PRECISION LA TRAYECTORIA E IMPACTO DE FENOMENOS NATURALES COMO HURACANES, MAREMOTOS, INUNDACIONES Y AVALANCHAS DE LODO Y GRANIZO, INFORMO EDUARDO REINOSO. SE TRATA DEL PROTOTIPO M S AVANZADO DE MEXICO Y AMERICA LATINA, Y SE APLICAR DONDE SE CONOCEN LOS PATRONES DE SISMOS PARA COLOMBIA, CHILE, PERU, NICARAGUA, PANAM Y COSTA RICA. EL NUEVO MODELO DE RIESGOS, QUE DICHO INSTITUTO PREPARO EN COLABORACION CON LA COMISION NACIONAL DE SEGUROS Y FINANZAS Y LA ASOCIACION MEXICANA DE INSTITUCIONES DE SEGUROS, ES UN SERVICIO DE "SOFTWARE" QUE OPERAR N LAS COMPANIAS DE SEGUROS DEL SECTOR CATASTROFICO, EXPLICO EL ACADEMICO Y COORDINADOR DEL PROYECTO. ESTE MODELO PERMITE FIJAR TARIFAS M S EXACTAS POR CADA ZONA DE RIESGO, CALCULAR EL REASEGURO Y CONTAR CON LAS RESERVAS NECESARIAS PARA ENFRENTAR LOS PELIGROS POR FE...
WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 1970
A numerical method for calculating the two-dimensional scattering of incident SH waves by canyons... more A numerical method for calculating the two-dimensional scattering of incident SH waves by canyons, near-surface inhomogeneities and alluvial valleys is presented. The reliability of this approach is tested against exact solutions for semispherical canyons and valleys. Solutions for some arbitrary geometries were obtained and compared with other numerical methods. Finally, the method is applied to try to reproduce some features of the observed amplification in the Mexico City Valley.
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
Revista de Ingeniería Sísmica, 2018
Durante algunos eventos sísmicos recientes en México, se ha observado que, a pesar de haber un ad... more Durante algunos eventos sísmicos recientes en México, se ha observado que, a pesar de haber un adecuado comportamiento del sistema estructural, no siempre existe un adecuado comportamiento de los sistemas no estructurales. En esta investigación se llevan a cabo análisis no lineales paso a paso para estudiar el comportamiento de fachadas prefabricadas de concreto del tipo “piso a piso”, las cuales han presentado fallas y desprendimientos aun cuando la estructura no ha sufrido daño. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se evalúan los desplazamientos y aceleraciones de cada uno de los pisos de un edificio de 15 niveles y 4 crujías, donde se calcula el nivel de daño de diferentes paneles. Para obtener estas respuestas, se diseña el sistema estructural mencionado utilizando el Apéndice A de las Normas Técnicas Complementarias para Diseño por Sismo del Reglamento de Construcciones del Distrito Federal del 2004 y se realiza un análisis dinámico incremental utilizando el registro sísmico del sismo ...
Research Square (Research Square), May 23, 2023
Expanding urbanization and imperviousness increase the frequency and severity of ooding in cities... more Expanding urbanization and imperviousness increase the frequency and severity of ooding in cities. Urban planners and decision-makers have implemented green infrastructure solutions in several cities to reduce the impact ooding. This research aims to investigate the effect of surface permeability and green infrastructure implementation on reducing stormwater ooding in Mexico City. First, we modelled the impact of stormwater ooding using the TR-55 methodology in Mexico City in the present condition, without GI. The model was used to identify the city districts with highest ood hazard. Moreover, a combination of scenarios was tested representing ve stages of green infrastructure implementation, from 20% to 100% of all adequate areas, under 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500-years precipitation events. Speci c criteria for selecting adequate areas for green infrastructure implementation were used. Open geographic data from was used in QGIS. In addition, the maps of estimated ood heights were classi ed in ve hazard classes, from very low to very high. The results showed that implementing 100% of green infrastructure in the adequate areas, reduces the very high ood hazard an average of 12 km 2 for ve return periods. This study can serve as a reference to other cities to develop plans for green infrastructure implementations.
Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Nov 20, 2017
Abstract A methodology is presented for assessing the expected loss of human lives due to the str... more Abstract A methodology is presented for assessing the expected loss of human lives due to the structural damage, failure of contents and non-structural components inside buildings during earthquakes. This approach estimates human life losses considering whether the structure collapses (partial or totally) or not. Entrapment and entrapment fatality rates are calculated using available data from worldwide literature and newspapers of 50 collapsed buildings, which information is reasonably reliable. We apply this methodology to one example of a five-floor RC frame building of typical office occupancy. Vulnerability functions are presented relating the intensity of the earthquake to the loss of human lives inside buildings, considering different times of occurrence of the earthquakes: daytime, commuting time and nighttime. Uncertainties in all parts of the process are very large, but they are formally addressed and taken into account. This methodology may improve the risk assessment for insurances purposes, optimisation of the cycle of life, mitigation strategies, risk control and tolerable risk.
Gaceta Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, Dec 14, 2016
Gaceta Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, Sep 5, 2017
Ingeniería sísmica, Jan 9, 1990
Environmental Modelling & Software
Earthquakes and Structures, Dec 1, 2019
The seismic response of structures to strong ground motions is a complex problem that has been st... more The seismic response of structures to strong ground motions is a complex problem that has been studied for decades. However, most of current seismic regulations do not assess the potential level of damage that a structure may undergoduring a strong earthquake. This will happen in spite that the design objectives for any structural system are formulated in terms of acceptable levels of damage. In this article, we analyze the expected damage in single-degree-of-freedom systems subjected to long-duration ground motions generated in soft soil sites, such as those located in the lakebed of Mexico City. An energybased methodology is formulated, under the consideration of input energy as the basis for the evaluation process, to estimateexpected damage. The results of the proposed methodology are validated with damage curves established directly with nonlinear dynamic analyses.
Earthquakes and Structures, 2021
This paper focuses on the development and assessment of the expected damage for the rocking respo... more This paper focuses on the development and assessment of the expected damage for the rocking response of rigid anchored blocks, with irregular geometry and non-uniform mass distribution, considering the site conditions and the seismicity of Mexico City. The non-linear behavior of the restrainers is incorporated to evaluate the pure tension and tension-shear failure mechanisms. A probabilistic framework is performed covering a wide range of block sizes, slenderness ratios and eccentricities using physics-based ground motion simulation. In order to incorporate the uncertainties related to the propagation of far-field earthquakes with a significant contribution to the seismic hazard at study sites, it was simulated a set of scenarios using a stochastic summation methods of small-earthquakes records, considered as Empirical Green's Function (EGFs). As Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP), the absolute value of the maximum block rotation normalized by the body slenderness, as a function...
En este articulo, se presenta un resumen del analisis de riesgo sismico de la Ciudad de Mexico, p... more En este articulo, se presenta un resumen del analisis de riesgo sismico de la Ciudad de Mexico, para conocer los escenarios mas desfavorables (en terminos de danos estructurales) y asi, plantear planes de respuesta ante un evento sismico importante, para desarrollar medidas de prevencion de riesgos e incrementar la resiliencia de la Ciudad.
A methodology for loss estimation due to rocking response of contents subjected to earthquakes fo... more A methodology for loss estimation due to rocking response of contents subjected to earthquakes for a specific type of use of the building is presented. The case of a typical medium class apartment or house is presented. We first build a realistic inventory in terms of the use of the building and compute the response of every object to a set of strong ground motions to obtain overturning functions in terms of the ground acceleration (Amax) and velocity (Vmax). Then, for each type of building use, we add all these overturning functions considering the fragility of each object and its relative value with respect to the total amount of contents to obtain an overturning function that represents the loss of contents for each building type. Finally, we obtain analytical expressions that fit these overturning functions so they can be easily used to obtain losses by well known methodologies.
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Papers by Eduardo Reinoso