The authors take an in-depth look at the evolution of professional learning communities (PLCs), p... more The authors take an in-depth look at the evolution of professional learning communities (PLCs), professional structures in which teachers, administrators, and educational specialists collaborate to understand a problem, propose, and enact new ideas, and analyze the effects of their teaching on student learning. They outline what the research literature says about PLCs’ effectiveness for improving teaching, student learning, and school productivity. They share characteristics of PLCs and how these correspond to goals and structures within a response to intervention (RTI) process. The authors also describe a data-based meeting that merges principles from the PLC and RTI literature, and present examples of schools that are integrating these two currents in school reform. Suggested resources are provided to guide PLC implementation along with recommendations for future research to enhance the role of PLCs in RTI implementation.
Research on the relationship of PLCs to educational outcomes focuses on three areas: (1) shifts i... more Research on the relationship of PLCs to educational outcomes focuses on three areas: (1) shifts in teaching practice, (2) student achievement, and (3) school-wide or program effects.
The authors take an in-depth look at the evolution of professional learning communities (PLCs), p... more The authors take an in-depth look at the evolution of professional learning communities (PLCs), professional structures in which teachers, administrators, and educational specialists collaborate to understand a problem, propose, and enact new ideas, and analyze the effects of their teaching on student learning. They outline what the research literature says about PLCs’ effectiveness for improving teaching, student learning, and school productivity. They share characteristics of PLCs and how these correspond to goals and structures within a response to intervention (RTI) process. The authors also describe a data-based meeting that merges principles from the PLC and RTI literature, and present examples of schools that are integrating these two currents in school reform. Suggested resources are provided to guide PLC implementation along with recommendations for future research to enhance the role of PLCs in RTI implementation.
International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology
This study explored 6 th grade students reading of science text on the iPad to better understand ... more This study explored 6 th grade students reading of science text on the iPad to better understand how students with varying strengths of comprehending text and current academic abilities interpret text on their iPads. Our study sample compared three students with strong reading scores based on informal reading inventories, standardized tests, and other literacy measures with students who have not yet demonstrated strong reading scores on the same assessments. Verbal protocols allowed us to look at individual student"s cognitive processes while reading assigned science text on the iPad. We analyzed data based on the theory of Constructively Responsive reading . Our data shows that while secure readers fit Pressley and Afflerbach"s description of a "massively active" reader, verbal protocols for developing readers revealed students" difficulty constructing meaning with the text. In addition, self-efficacy and navigational skills on the iPad differed between secure and developing readers. The differences in processing between students in our secure and developing groups points to the need for increased support for developing readers as they navigate reading of science texts on the iPad.
Journal of the American Optometric Association, 1997
This study was performed to explore the epidemiology and visual outcomes of major anterior segmen... more This study was performed to explore the epidemiology and visual outcomes of major anterior segment trauma cases referred to the Contact Lens Service (CLS) in a large, urban, eye trauma center at a university hospital. All eye trauma patients seen on the CLS at The University of Illinois in Chicago for a 2-year period were identified (n = 122). A search of all eye trauma cases seen at UIC (n = 2279) during the same period yielded 757 cases with the same diagnostic codes. CLS cases represent 16.1% of cases with similar diagnoses and 5.35% of all cases seen during the period of study. Cases were predominantly young men (mean age, 28 years). The mean age for CLS cases (mean age, 17 years) was significantly younger. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 75% of cases with a contact lens and in 68% of cases with a spectacle lens; 82% of CLS cases had iris damage versus 14.5% of non-CLS cases; 73% of CLS cases were aphakic; 105 CLS cases were given contact lenses. Mean follow...
A multicenter study was undertaken to delineate the indications for and outcome of pediatric kera... more A multicenter study was undertaken to delineate the indications for and outcome of pediatric keratoplasty. The authors retrospectively studied 164 grafts in 131 eyes of 108 children younger than 12 years of age, with an average follow-up of 45 months. Multivariate linear and logistic regression was performed to evaluate potential risk factors for poor visual outcome and graft failure. Graft survival was depicted in terms of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Corneal opacities were grouped into three diagnostic categories: congenital (64%), traumatic (17%), and acquired nontraumatic (19%) opacities. Overall graft survival was 80% at 12 months and 67% at 24 months postoperatively. There was no significant difference in retention of clarity among diagnostic groups. Vitrectomy-lensectomy, regrafts, and postoperative complications were associated significantly with poor allograft survival. Eighteen percent of all eyes had worse vision at the time of the last visit than preoperatively. Amblyopia treatment was the only independently significant prognosticator for visual improvement after surgery. Timing of keratoplasty was not demonstrated to be associated with visual outcome. Visual acuity in 33% of eyes that could be quantified was better than 20/200 at the last visit, whereas 62% of eyes retained full graft clarity. The authors conclude that keratoplasty can be successful in most children, especially when combined with appropriate amblyopia management.
The effects of LASIK-induced increased intraocular pressure on the optic nerve and nerve fiber la... more The effects of LASIK-induced increased intraocular pressure on the optic nerve and nerve fiber layer are poorly understood. This study evaluates the effect of LASIK on several optic nerve parameters, both structural (scanning laser polarimetry) and functional (automated perimetry). In addition, the potential neuroprotective effect of perioperative brimonidine is studied. Randomized self-controlled, masked trial. Fifty-one patients scheduled for routine, bilateral, myopic LASIK. Patients served as their own control and received brimonidine in one eye and placebo in their fellow eye. Patients were treated with the VISX Star S3 Excimer Laser. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after LASIK. Topical brimonidine or control vehicle was administrated three times daily for 3 days before surgery. In addition, 1 drop of the respective study drug was instilled at the end of the procedure, and the patient continued the study drug three times daily for 3 weeks after surgery in the respective (randomized) eye. Visual acuity, nerve fiber layer analysis, automated visual field, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and pupillary function. Brimonidine did not change the outcome of any of the parameters analyzed in this study. There was not a statistically significant change in any of the visual field parameters (mean elevation or depression, pattern standard deviation, and corrected pattern standard deviation) measured in either the placebo or brimonidine group postoperatively. However, both the placebo and brimonidine group did show a statistically significant change in many of the direct Nerve Fiber Analyzer GDx (NFA GDx) measures. The average thickness, ellipse, and superior average were generally reduced in both groups. There was, however, no statistically significant change after LASIK in either group in indirect NFA GDx parameters such as symmetry, superior ratio, inferior ratio, or superior/nasal ratio. There was no significant change in optic nerve appearance, contrast sensitivity, or color vision between treatment groups before or after LASIK. LASIK with or without brimonidine did not affect the structure or function of the parameters of the optic nerve studied. Direct NFA GDx measures were globally reduced after myopic LASIK; however, the ratio measures were generally unaffected. The reduction in direct, retinal nerve fiber layer measures, in the absence of change in ratio measures and other optic nerve parameters and absence of brimonidine effect, suggest an alteration in corneal birefringence after excimer laser ablation.
International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 1999
Objective. First, to test the validity of self-reported quality of care and treatment measures co... more Objective. First, to test the validity of self-reported quality of care and treatment measures compared with medical records and administrative data for: eye examinations, hemoglobin A 1C tests, and use of insulin and oral agents for adult patients with diabetes; and secondly to assess the consistency between medical record information and administrative data for the same measures plus microalbumin testing.
The effects of LASIK-induced increased intraocular pressure on the optic nerve and nerve fiber la... more The effects of LASIK-induced increased intraocular pressure on the optic nerve and nerve fiber layer are poorly understood. This study evaluates the effect of LASIK on several optic nerve parameters, both structural (scanning laser polarimetry) and functional (automated perimetry). In addition, the potential neuroprotective effect of perioperative brimonidine is studied. Randomized self-controlled, masked trial. Fifty-one patients scheduled for routine, bilateral, myopic LASIK. Patients served as their own control and received brimonidine in one eye and placebo in their fellow eye. Patients were treated with the VISX Star S3 Excimer Laser. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after LASIK. Topical brimonidine or control vehicle was administrated three times daily for 3 days before surgery. In addition, 1 drop of the respective study drug was instilled at the end of the procedure, and the patient continued the study drug three times daily for 3 weeks after surgery in the respective (randomized) eye. Visual acuity, nerve fiber layer analysis, automated visual field, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and pupillary function. Brimonidine did not change the outcome of any of the parameters analyzed in this study. There was not a statistically significant change in any of the visual field parameters (mean elevation or depression, pattern standard deviation, and corrected pattern standard deviation) measured in either the placebo or brimonidine group postoperatively. However, both the placebo and brimonidine group did show a statistically significant change in many of the direct Nerve Fiber Analyzer GDx (NFA GDx) measures. The average thickness, ellipse, and superior average were generally reduced in both groups. There was, however, no statistically significant change after LASIK in either group in indirect NFA GDx parameters such as symmetry, superior ratio, inferior ratio, or superior/nasal ratio. There was no significant change in optic nerve appearance, contrast sensitivity, or color vision between treatment groups before or after LASIK. LASIK with or without brimonidine did not affect the structure or function of the parameters of the optic nerve studied. Direct NFA GDx measures were globally reduced after myopic LASIK; however, the ratio measures were generally unaffected. The reduction in direct, retinal nerve fiber layer measures, in the absence of change in ratio measures and other optic nerve parameters and absence of brimonidine effect, suggest an alteration in corneal birefringence after excimer laser ablation.
The authors take an in-depth look at the evolution of professional learning communities (PLCs), p... more The authors take an in-depth look at the evolution of professional learning communities (PLCs), professional structures in which teachers, administrators, and educational specialists collaborate to understand a problem, propose, and enact new ideas, and analyze the effects of their teaching on student learning. They outline what the research literature says about PLCs’ effectiveness for improving teaching, student learning, and school productivity. They share characteristics of PLCs and how these correspond to goals and structures within a response to intervention (RTI) process. The authors also describe a data-based meeting that merges principles from the PLC and RTI literature, and present examples of schools that are integrating these two currents in school reform. Suggested resources are provided to guide PLC implementation along with recommendations for future research to enhance the role of PLCs in RTI implementation.
Research on the relationship of PLCs to educational outcomes focuses on three areas: (1) shifts i... more Research on the relationship of PLCs to educational outcomes focuses on three areas: (1) shifts in teaching practice, (2) student achievement, and (3) school-wide or program effects.
The authors take an in-depth look at the evolution of professional learning communities (PLCs), p... more The authors take an in-depth look at the evolution of professional learning communities (PLCs), professional structures in which teachers, administrators, and educational specialists collaborate to understand a problem, propose, and enact new ideas, and analyze the effects of their teaching on student learning. They outline what the research literature says about PLCs’ effectiveness for improving teaching, student learning, and school productivity. They share characteristics of PLCs and how these correspond to goals and structures within a response to intervention (RTI) process. The authors also describe a data-based meeting that merges principles from the PLC and RTI literature, and present examples of schools that are integrating these two currents in school reform. Suggested resources are provided to guide PLC implementation along with recommendations for future research to enhance the role of PLCs in RTI implementation.
International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology
This study explored 6 th grade students reading of science text on the iPad to better understand ... more This study explored 6 th grade students reading of science text on the iPad to better understand how students with varying strengths of comprehending text and current academic abilities interpret text on their iPads. Our study sample compared three students with strong reading scores based on informal reading inventories, standardized tests, and other literacy measures with students who have not yet demonstrated strong reading scores on the same assessments. Verbal protocols allowed us to look at individual student"s cognitive processes while reading assigned science text on the iPad. We analyzed data based on the theory of Constructively Responsive reading . Our data shows that while secure readers fit Pressley and Afflerbach"s description of a "massively active" reader, verbal protocols for developing readers revealed students" difficulty constructing meaning with the text. In addition, self-efficacy and navigational skills on the iPad differed between secure and developing readers. The differences in processing between students in our secure and developing groups points to the need for increased support for developing readers as they navigate reading of science texts on the iPad.
Journal of the American Optometric Association, 1997
This study was performed to explore the epidemiology and visual outcomes of major anterior segmen... more This study was performed to explore the epidemiology and visual outcomes of major anterior segment trauma cases referred to the Contact Lens Service (CLS) in a large, urban, eye trauma center at a university hospital. All eye trauma patients seen on the CLS at The University of Illinois in Chicago for a 2-year period were identified (n = 122). A search of all eye trauma cases seen at UIC (n = 2279) during the same period yielded 757 cases with the same diagnostic codes. CLS cases represent 16.1% of cases with similar diagnoses and 5.35% of all cases seen during the period of study. Cases were predominantly young men (mean age, 28 years). The mean age for CLS cases (mean age, 17 years) was significantly younger. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 75% of cases with a contact lens and in 68% of cases with a spectacle lens; 82% of CLS cases had iris damage versus 14.5% of non-CLS cases; 73% of CLS cases were aphakic; 105 CLS cases were given contact lenses. Mean follow...
A multicenter study was undertaken to delineate the indications for and outcome of pediatric kera... more A multicenter study was undertaken to delineate the indications for and outcome of pediatric keratoplasty. The authors retrospectively studied 164 grafts in 131 eyes of 108 children younger than 12 years of age, with an average follow-up of 45 months. Multivariate linear and logistic regression was performed to evaluate potential risk factors for poor visual outcome and graft failure. Graft survival was depicted in terms of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Corneal opacities were grouped into three diagnostic categories: congenital (64%), traumatic (17%), and acquired nontraumatic (19%) opacities. Overall graft survival was 80% at 12 months and 67% at 24 months postoperatively. There was no significant difference in retention of clarity among diagnostic groups. Vitrectomy-lensectomy, regrafts, and postoperative complications were associated significantly with poor allograft survival. Eighteen percent of all eyes had worse vision at the time of the last visit than preoperatively. Amblyopia treatment was the only independently significant prognosticator for visual improvement after surgery. Timing of keratoplasty was not demonstrated to be associated with visual outcome. Visual acuity in 33% of eyes that could be quantified was better than 20/200 at the last visit, whereas 62% of eyes retained full graft clarity. The authors conclude that keratoplasty can be successful in most children, especially when combined with appropriate amblyopia management.
The effects of LASIK-induced increased intraocular pressure on the optic nerve and nerve fiber la... more The effects of LASIK-induced increased intraocular pressure on the optic nerve and nerve fiber layer are poorly understood. This study evaluates the effect of LASIK on several optic nerve parameters, both structural (scanning laser polarimetry) and functional (automated perimetry). In addition, the potential neuroprotective effect of perioperative brimonidine is studied. Randomized self-controlled, masked trial. Fifty-one patients scheduled for routine, bilateral, myopic LASIK. Patients served as their own control and received brimonidine in one eye and placebo in their fellow eye. Patients were treated with the VISX Star S3 Excimer Laser. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after LASIK. Topical brimonidine or control vehicle was administrated three times daily for 3 days before surgery. In addition, 1 drop of the respective study drug was instilled at the end of the procedure, and the patient continued the study drug three times daily for 3 weeks after surgery in the respective (randomized) eye. Visual acuity, nerve fiber layer analysis, automated visual field, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and pupillary function. Brimonidine did not change the outcome of any of the parameters analyzed in this study. There was not a statistically significant change in any of the visual field parameters (mean elevation or depression, pattern standard deviation, and corrected pattern standard deviation) measured in either the placebo or brimonidine group postoperatively. However, both the placebo and brimonidine group did show a statistically significant change in many of the direct Nerve Fiber Analyzer GDx (NFA GDx) measures. The average thickness, ellipse, and superior average were generally reduced in both groups. There was, however, no statistically significant change after LASIK in either group in indirect NFA GDx parameters such as symmetry, superior ratio, inferior ratio, or superior/nasal ratio. There was no significant change in optic nerve appearance, contrast sensitivity, or color vision between treatment groups before or after LASIK. LASIK with or without brimonidine did not affect the structure or function of the parameters of the optic nerve studied. Direct NFA GDx measures were globally reduced after myopic LASIK; however, the ratio measures were generally unaffected. The reduction in direct, retinal nerve fiber layer measures, in the absence of change in ratio measures and other optic nerve parameters and absence of brimonidine effect, suggest an alteration in corneal birefringence after excimer laser ablation.
International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 1999
Objective. First, to test the validity of self-reported quality of care and treatment measures co... more Objective. First, to test the validity of self-reported quality of care and treatment measures compared with medical records and administrative data for: eye examinations, hemoglobin A 1C tests, and use of insulin and oral agents for adult patients with diabetes; and secondly to assess the consistency between medical record information and administrative data for the same measures plus microalbumin testing.
The effects of LASIK-induced increased intraocular pressure on the optic nerve and nerve fiber la... more The effects of LASIK-induced increased intraocular pressure on the optic nerve and nerve fiber layer are poorly understood. This study evaluates the effect of LASIK on several optic nerve parameters, both structural (scanning laser polarimetry) and functional (automated perimetry). In addition, the potential neuroprotective effect of perioperative brimonidine is studied. Randomized self-controlled, masked trial. Fifty-one patients scheduled for routine, bilateral, myopic LASIK. Patients served as their own control and received brimonidine in one eye and placebo in their fellow eye. Patients were treated with the VISX Star S3 Excimer Laser. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after LASIK. Topical brimonidine or control vehicle was administrated three times daily for 3 days before surgery. In addition, 1 drop of the respective study drug was instilled at the end of the procedure, and the patient continued the study drug three times daily for 3 weeks after surgery in the respective (randomized) eye. Visual acuity, nerve fiber layer analysis, automated visual field, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and pupillary function. Brimonidine did not change the outcome of any of the parameters analyzed in this study. There was not a statistically significant change in any of the visual field parameters (mean elevation or depression, pattern standard deviation, and corrected pattern standard deviation) measured in either the placebo or brimonidine group postoperatively. However, both the placebo and brimonidine group did show a statistically significant change in many of the direct Nerve Fiber Analyzer GDx (NFA GDx) measures. The average thickness, ellipse, and superior average were generally reduced in both groups. There was, however, no statistically significant change after LASIK in either group in indirect NFA GDx parameters such as symmetry, superior ratio, inferior ratio, or superior/nasal ratio. There was no significant change in optic nerve appearance, contrast sensitivity, or color vision between treatment groups before or after LASIK. LASIK with or without brimonidine did not affect the structure or function of the parameters of the optic nerve studied. Direct NFA GDx measures were globally reduced after myopic LASIK; however, the ratio measures were generally unaffected. The reduction in direct, retinal nerve fiber layer measures, in the absence of change in ratio measures and other optic nerve parameters and absence of brimonidine effect, suggest an alteration in corneal birefringence after excimer laser ablation.
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Papers by Kay Rosheim