Business

This paper proposes that the National Basketball Association (NBA) adopt a salary arbitration system in specifically defined circumstances-for restricted free agents who either last played under a four-year rookie salary scale contract, or last played under a two-year or three-year contract as a second-round draft pick or undrafted free agent. Part I of this paper summarizes the use of salary arbitration in professional sport leagues. Part II of this paper provides an overview of the current arbitration procedures in the NBA. Part III of the paper outlines a proposed new NBA salary arbitration model. Part IV discusses some of the problems associated with the NBA's current restricted free agency and qualifying offer rules and explains how the proposed salary arbitration system would alleviate these problems. Part V provides a case study illustrating a potential trend in the NBA that supports the overall goals of the salary arbitration framework proposed in this paper. Part VI analyzes Major League Baseball's (MLB) salary arbitration process and how the proposed salary arbitration model for the NBA incorporates best practices from MLB. Part VII analyzes the National Hockey League's (NHL) salary arbitration process and how the proposed salary arbitration model for the NBA incorporates best practices from the National Hockey League. Part VIII details some of the potential practical drawbacks and limitations associated with the proposed NBA salary arbitration model. The paper concludes with a recap of the potential positive impact of implementing the proposed NBA salary arbitration framework.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma have been linked to decreased psychosocial and physiological health functioning. While various individual and community-level interventions to address ACEs have been reported, one novel approach that has not been explored in detail is a community-engaged causal loop diagramming project, or systems mapping project (SMP), in which diverse stakeholders work together to document the forces that are creating the outcomes and patterns within the community. To better document and understand the impact of participation in an SMP, we conducted in-depth, qualitative interviews with 16 stakeholders who were involved in a systems-mapping process facilitated by a local nonprofit in Eastern North Carolina. We used an iterative, content analysis coding process to generate and analyze themes from these interviews. Three major themes emerged: 1) Recognition and understanding of own trauma, 2) Trauma as both a community issue and an individual issue, an...

Financial distress and bankruptcy of companies may cause the resources to be wasted and the investment opportunities to be faded. Bankruptcy prediction by providing necessary warnings can make the companies aware of this problem so they can take appropriate measures with these warnings. The aim of this study is model development for financial distress prediction of listed companies in Tehran stocks exchange (TSE) using Bayesian networks (BNs). The sample consists of 72 bankrupt firms and 72 non bankrupt ones from 1997 to 2007 and bankrupt firms are those firms that subject to Business Law par. 141.In order to develop a bankruptcy prediction model, we consider 20 predictor variables including liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, profitability ratios and other factors like firm's size and auditor's opinion and then we use two methods for choosing variables. The first method is based upon conditional correlation between variables and the second method based upon conditional likelihood. Then three models for predicting financial distress are developed using naive bayes model and regression model and the result of three models are compared. The accuracy in predicting bankruptcy of the first naive bayes model's performance that is based upon conditional correlation is 90% and the accuracy of the second naive bayes model is 93% and finally the accuracy of the logistic regression that was built for comparing to naive bayes models is 90%. Collectively the results show that it is possible to predict financial distress using Bayesian models. Also, because this prediction is based on the information provided in financial statements of companies, it can be an evidence that the financial statements of companies have information content. With respect to the remainder variables in developed models in this research we find firms that have lower profitability and have more long term liabilities and have lower liquidity are more in risk of financial distress. To reduce financial dist- ress risk, firms should use more conservative methods which lead to decrease in debts and reduce their costs. Further analyses show that the discretization into two, three and four states cause the model's performance to increase but increasing states into five states causes the model's performance to decrease.

This research investigates the relationship between stock trading of individual investors and returns in short horizon in an emerging market. The results indicate that the individuals would like to invest in stocks after declining in the preceding month prices and they would like to sell after increasing in prices. Moreover, we find that there are positive abnormal returns in the month after high buying by individuals and there are negative abnormal returns following high individuals selling. The result is consistent with the literature that the individuals play roles of liquidity providers because they can meet the institutional need of immediacy.

This paper studies the relationship between the disclosure level and firm-specific characteristics of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Our study contributes to the firm financial disclosure literature by documenting the empirical evidence on the relationship between CEO tenure and firm disclosure. We use firms’ disclosure scores released by the Iranian Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) that measure the disclosure level of listed companies. The research data consists of 2,719 firm-year observations from 404 Iranian listed firms on the TSE for 2003-2014. Using regression analyses, we find that longer CEO tenure improves the level of disclosure. Also, we document that firm profitability, liquidity, and asset-in-place have a positive effect on the disclosure level. Moreover, we report that leverage, age, and market share have an inverse effect on the disclosure level.

Abstract- Financial distress and bankruptcy of companies may cause the resources to be wasted and the investment opportunities to be faded. Bankruptcy prediction by providing necessary warnings can make the companies aware of this problem so they can take appropriate measures with these warnings. The aim of this study is model development for financial distress prediction of listed companies in Tehran stocks exchange (TSE) using Bayesian networks (BNs). The sample consists of 72 bankrupt firms and 72 non bankrupt ones from 1997 to 2007 and bankrupt firms are those firms that subject to Business Law par. 141.

XBRL, the eXtensible Business Reporting Language, is an open standards-based reporting system being built to accommodate the electronic preparation and exchange of business reports around the world. XBRL is all about the electronic tagging of data. It has been compared to the introduction of bar-coding and to the introduction of the ISBN number for books. While financial data is an obvious choice for electronic tagging, all data can be tagged. XBRL is an extension of XML, the eXtensible Markup Language. An extensible language means one that is designed to easily allow the addition of new features at a later date. As might be expected, the rules, or specifications, for these languages need to be managed so as to allow consistency in their development. The goal of XBRL is to develop a standard set of XMLtype tags that can be used to create instance documents that can be then presented in a variety of formats. XBRL is not trying to set new accounting standards; it is attempting to standardise the XML-based tags that are used in business reporting so that the business reports prepared by organisations can be more easily compared and collated for regulatory and other purposes.

European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences ISSN 1450-2275 Issue 12 (2008) © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournalsn.com ... Comprehensive Income and Net Income as Measures of Firm ... Mohsen Dastgir Accounting Dept. Shahid ...