ABSTRACT Sustainable management of water resources requires quantitative description of spatio-te... more ABSTRACT Sustainable management of water resources requires quantitative description of spatio-temporal variability, and the map is a universal medium to reflect the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources. The long history of cartography and the recent digital revolution have culminated in the Google Earth web portal with unprecedented frequency of daily use. System analysis with combination of a cyber model of landscapes, multidimensional methods of data analysis, and GIS cartography of water resources in Minnesota started in 1996 with support from faculty of Department of Geology University of Minnesota-Duluth and has continued ever since. The “Water Resource Sustainability” project, funded by the Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources (2007-2009) was the most resent phase of the research. Research using river flow monitoring data available from USGS for Minnesota and bordering areas of North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa and Wisconsin was completed for the territory. Analysis of landscapes properties for watersheds taken from maps - Bailey’s Ecological Provinces, Soil Taxonomy Order, topographic characteristics (average altitude, average watershed slope, total, intermittent, and perennial drainage density), thickness of quaternary sediments, and Hydrogeological Hierarchical Regionalization - revealed control of geological conditions on water resource variability. The trends of interannual patterns and seasonality of river runoff depend on bedrock type and presence or absence of thick depositions of quaternary sediments in NE and SE of research territory and also on thickness of quaternary sediments in NW. The same parts of territory have main differences in annual and February monthly yields for interval of observations 1955-1978. The numbers of river discharge yield reach difference from 5 to 20 times. The control over water resource distribution and variability belongs to geological boundaries for types of bedrocks, lithology, and thickness of quaternary sediments. Groups of watersheds recognized by mutual landscape properties (geological conditions) with statistically proven influence on hydrologic characteristics provide a basis for regionalization and creation of a water resource map. The regionalization on the water resource map opens the way to study and climate change for regional level.
... Clayton, L., Teller, J., and Attig, J., 1985, Surging of the southwestern part of the Laurent... more ... Clayton, L., Teller, J., and Attig, J., 1985, Surging of the southwestern part of the Laurentide ice sheet: Boreas, v. 14, p. 285 ... Dyke, AS, and Prest, VK, 1987, Late Wisconsinan and Holocene history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Géographie Physique et Quaternaire, v. 41, p. 237264 ...
ABSTRACT We describe an algorithm that uses pro rata allocation between inter-pool flows to meet ... more ABSTRACT We describe an algorithm that uses pro rata allocation between inter-pool flows to meet conservation of mass/energy constraints and avoid execution order dependence. More commonly used clipping methods do not satisfy these constraints when multiple flows from small pools exceed the total size of the pool. Overrun, which occurs when a pool is increased or decreased beyond its capacity, typically a decrease below zero, leads to failure to conserve mass. Clipping avoids overrun by restricting the size of pools, usually by setting negative values to zero, which can in turn lead to unacceptable error levels in the simulation's output, particularly in terms of sensitivity to execution order. In addition to the normal ‘current’ and ‘next’ copies of the system's state variables, this algorithm requires an ‘output’ copy, which sums outputs from each pool. Individual flows from a pool are divided by the output sum to determine the proportion of the pool each flow receives. Additionally, the approach allows tracking of individual mass flows, which are sometimes more interesting than their net effect on the pools on which they operate. Implementation details and a comparison with a clipping type algorithm are given in terms of a GIS based meadow ecosystem hydrology submodel. In a simple test case, also presented, the pro rata algorithm more consistently tracks the target solution (given by an extremely small time step).
ABSTRACT Sustainable management of water resources requires quantitative description of spatio-te... more ABSTRACT Sustainable management of water resources requires quantitative description of spatio-temporal variability, and the map is a universal medium to reflect the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources. The long history of cartography and the recent digital revolution have culminated in the Google Earth web portal with unprecedented frequency of daily use. System analysis with combination of a cyber model of landscapes, multidimensional methods of data analysis, and GIS cartography of water resources in Minnesota started in 1996 with support from faculty of Department of Geology University of Minnesota-Duluth and has continued ever since. The “Water Resource Sustainability” project, funded by the Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources (2007-2009) was the most resent phase of the research. Research using river flow monitoring data available from USGS for Minnesota and bordering areas of North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa and Wisconsin was completed for the territory. Analysis of landscapes properties for watersheds taken from maps - Bailey’s Ecological Provinces, Soil Taxonomy Order, topographic characteristics (average altitude, average watershed slope, total, intermittent, and perennial drainage density), thickness of quaternary sediments, and Hydrogeological Hierarchical Regionalization - revealed control of geological conditions on water resource variability. The trends of interannual patterns and seasonality of river runoff depend on bedrock type and presence or absence of thick depositions of quaternary sediments in NE and SE of research territory and also on thickness of quaternary sediments in NW. The same parts of territory have main differences in annual and February monthly yields for interval of observations 1955-1978. The numbers of river discharge yield reach difference from 5 to 20 times. The control over water resource distribution and variability belongs to geological boundaries for types of bedrocks, lithology, and thickness of quaternary sediments. Groups of watersheds recognized by mutual landscape properties (geological conditions) with statistically proven influence on hydrologic characteristics provide a basis for regionalization and creation of a water resource map. The regionalization on the water resource map opens the way to study and climate change for regional level.
... Clayton, L., Teller, J., and Attig, J., 1985, Surging of the southwestern part of the Laurent... more ... Clayton, L., Teller, J., and Attig, J., 1985, Surging of the southwestern part of the Laurentide ice sheet: Boreas, v. 14, p. 285 ... Dyke, AS, and Prest, VK, 1987, Late Wisconsinan and Holocene history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Géographie Physique et Quaternaire, v. 41, p. 237264 ...
ABSTRACT We describe an algorithm that uses pro rata allocation between inter-pool flows to meet ... more ABSTRACT We describe an algorithm that uses pro rata allocation between inter-pool flows to meet conservation of mass/energy constraints and avoid execution order dependence. More commonly used clipping methods do not satisfy these constraints when multiple flows from small pools exceed the total size of the pool. Overrun, which occurs when a pool is increased or decreased beyond its capacity, typically a decrease below zero, leads to failure to conserve mass. Clipping avoids overrun by restricting the size of pools, usually by setting negative values to zero, which can in turn lead to unacceptable error levels in the simulation's output, particularly in terms of sensitivity to execution order. In addition to the normal ‘current’ and ‘next’ copies of the system's state variables, this algorithm requires an ‘output’ copy, which sums outputs from each pool. Individual flows from a pool are divided by the output sum to determine the proportion of the pool each flow receives. Additionally, the approach allows tracking of individual mass flows, which are sometimes more interesting than their net effect on the pools on which they operate. Implementation details and a comparison with a clipping type algorithm are given in terms of a GIS based meadow ecosystem hydrology submodel. In a simple test case, also presented, the pro rata algorithm more consistently tracks the target solution (given by an extremely small time step).
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Papers by Howard Mooers