͑Submitted 15 August 1997͒ Zh. É ksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 385-397 ͑August 1998͒ We consider massive p... more ͑Submitted 15 August 1997͒ Zh. É ksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 385-397 ͑August 1998͒ We consider massive photon decay reactions via intermediate states of electron-electron-holes and proton-proton-holes into neutrino-antineutrino pairs in the course of neutron star cooling. These reactions may become operative in hot neutron stars in the region of proton pairing where the photon due to the Higgs-Meissner effect acquires an effective mass m ␥ that is small compared to the corresponding plasma frequency. The contribution of these reactions to neutrino emissivity is calculated; it varies with the temperature and the photon mass as T 3/2 m ␥ 7/2 exp(Ϫm ␥ /T) for TϽm ␥ . Estimates show that these processes appear as extra efficient cooling channels of neutron stars at temperatures TӍ10 9 -10 10 K.
Probabilities and differential cross sections for the pion production of pi- mesons in direct NN ... more Probabilities and differential cross sections for the pion production of pi- mesons in direct NN -> NN pi- reactions are calculated with allowance for a change in the NN interaction in nuclear matter. The results obtained in an analytic form for arbitrary temperatures of matter and arbitrary energies and momenta of pions.
We propose a non-equilibrium, hadronic kinetic model for describing the relative abundance of str... more We propose a non-equilibrium, hadronic kinetic model for describing the relative abundance of strange particles in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The energy dependence of the multiplicity ratios of charged kaons and lambdas to pions are studied in detail. The pronounced peak in positively charged K/pi is conjectured to be due to the decreasing lifetime of a fireball with an increase in beam energy above 30 AGeV. Such a behaviour may be the consequence of a stronger stopping at lower beam energies. We study the dependence of the multiplicity ratios on energy and baryon density of the fireball and its total lifetime.
Progress in Nonequilibrium Green's Functions - Proceedings of the Conference "Kadanoff-Baym Equations: Progress and Perspectives for Many-body Physics", 2000
Particle-hole modes with quantum numbers of pions and negative kaons can propagate in nuclear mat... more Particle-hole modes with quantum numbers of pions and negative kaons can propagate in nuclear matter. We discuss possible manifestations of these modes in experiments on heavy-ion collisions and on neutrino-nucleus scattering. Calculations of reaction rates in medium can be harmed by double counting, which arises because the very same quantum numbers can be carried in medium as by single particle excitations as by multi-particle ones. We argue that the optical theorem written in terms of the non-equilibrium Green's functions provides a convenient formalism (closed diagram technique) void of double counting. a extended contribution to Proc. of Int. Workshop "Kadanoff-
ABSTRACT We study viscosity of the neutron star matter and $r$-mode instability in rotating neutr... more ABSTRACT We study viscosity of the neutron star matter and $r$-mode instability in rotating neutron stars. Contributions to the shear and bulk viscosities from various processes are calculated with account of in-medium modifications of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. A softening of the pion mode and a possibility of the pion condensation are included. The nucleon pairing is incorporated. In the shear viscosity we include the lepton contribution calculated with account of the Landau damping in the photon exchange, the nucleon contribution described by the medium-modified one pion exchange, and other terms, such as the novel phonon contribution in the 1S$_0$ superfluid neutron phase, and the neutrino term in the neutrino opacity region. The nucleon shear viscosity depends on the density rather moderately and proves to be much less than the lepton term. Among the terms contributing to the bulk viscosity, the term from the medium modified Urca reactions possesses strongest density dependence because of the pion softening. Contributions to the bulk viscosity arising from other reactions induced by charged weak currents are included. The radiative bulk viscosity induced by charged and neutral weak currents in the region of the neutrino transparency of the star is also calculated with account for in-medium effects. The computed frequency boundary of the $r$-mode stability for the stars with the mass $\ge 1.8 M_{\odot}$ proves to be above the frequencies of all rotating young pulsars. To explain the stability of rapid rotation of old pulsars in X-ray binaries we propose a novel efficient mechanism associated with appearance of condensates of low-lying modes of bosonic excitations with finite momentum and/or with an enhancement of the inhomogeneous pion/kaon condensates in some parts of the star, if the angular velocity exceeds a critical value.
We demonstrate that stability of r-modes in young rapidly rotating pulsars might be explained if ... more We demonstrate that stability of r-modes in young rapidly rotating pulsars might be explained if one takes into account strong medium modifications of the nucleon-nucleon interaction because of the softening of pionic degrees of freedom in dense nucleon matter. Presence of the efficient direct Urca processes is not required. Within our model the most rapidly rotating observed young pulsar PSR J0537-6910 should have mass ≥ 1.8M ⊙.
Nuclear matter aspects of neutron stars PACS 67.25.D--4 He Superfluid phase PACS 74.20.-z -Theori... more Nuclear matter aspects of neutron stars PACS 67.25.D--4 He Superfluid phase PACS 74.20.-z -Theories and models of superconducting state PACS 03.75.Kk -Bose-Einstein condensates, dynamic properties Abstract -A possibility of the condensation of excitations with non-zero momentum in moving superfluid media is considered in terms of the Ginzburg-Landau model. The results might be applicable to the superfluid 4 He, ultracold atomic Bose gases, various superconducting and neutral systems with pairing, like ultracold atomic Fermi gases and the neutron component in compact stars. The order parameters, the energy gain, and critical velocities are found.
We discuss strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions in the broad energy range -from SIS ene... more We discuss strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions in the broad energy range -from SIS energies through AGS-SPS-RHIC and upto LHC energies. On several examples we demonstrate how the strange particle production can reveal information about the collision dynamics and about possible modifications of particle properties in medium. In particular the production of hadrons containing two and more strange quarks, like Ξ and Ω baryons, or a φ meson is of interest. We conduct our discussion in the framework of the minimal statistical model, in which the total strangeness yield is fixed by the K + multiplicity. It is emphasized that in collisions with a small number of produced strange particles, the exact strangeness conservation in each collision event must be explicitly preserved.
BARYONS 2002 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Structure of Baryons, 2003
A combined chiral and 1/Nc expansion of the Bethe-Salpeter interaction kernel leads to a good des... more A combined chiral and 1/Nc expansion of the Bethe-Salpeter interaction kernel leads to a good description of the kaon-nucleon, antikaon-nucleon and pion-nucleon scattering data typically up to laboratory momenta of p lab 500 MeV. The covariant on-shell reduced coupled channel Bethe-Salpeter equation with the interaction kernel truncated to chiral order Q 3 and to the leading order in the 1/Nc expansion is evaluated.
The aim of these lectures is to introduce basic processes responsible for cooling of neutron star... more The aim of these lectures is to introduce basic processes responsible for cooling of neutron stars and to show how to calculate the neutrino production rate in dense strongly interacting nuclear medium. The formalism is presented that treats on equal footing one-nucleon and multiple-nucleon processes and reactions with virtual bosonic modes and condensates. We demonstrate that neutrino emission from dense hadronic component in neutron stars is subject of strong modifications due to collective effects in the nuclear matter. With the most important in-medium processes incorporated in the cooling code an overall agreement with available soft X ray data can be easily achieved. With these findings the so-called "standard" and "non-standard" cooling scenarios are replaced by one general "nuclear medium cooling scenario" which relates slow and rapid neutron star coolings to the star masses (interior densities). The lectures are split in four parts.
A low energy effective theory based on a microscopic multi-channel description of the atom-atom i... more A low energy effective theory based on a microscopic multi-channel description of the atom-atom interaction is derived for the scattering of alkali atoms in different hyperfine states. This theory describes all scattering properties, including medium effects, in terms of the singlet and triplet scattering lengths and the range of the atom-atom potential and provides a link between a microscopic description of Feshbach scattering and more phenomenological approaches. It permits the calculation of medium effects on the resonance coming from the occupation of closed channel states. The examination of such effects are demonstrated to be of particular relevance to an experimentally important Feshbach resonance for 40 K atoms. We analyze a recent rethermalization rate experiment on 40 K and demonstrate that a measurement of the temperature dependence of this rate can determine the magnetic moment of the Feshbach molecule. Finally, the energy dependence of the Feshbach interaction is shown to introduce a negative effective range inversely proportional to the width of the resonance. Since our theory is based on a microscopic multi-channel picture, it allows the explicit calculation of corrections to commonly used approximations such as the neglect of the effective range and the treatment of the Feshbach molecule as a point boson.
Recent accurate data on Is states of 7~-bound to P b [l] and Sn isotopes have set new standards a... more Recent accurate data on Is states of 7~-bound to P b [l] and Sn isotopes have set new standards and constraints for the detailed analysis of s-wave pion-nucleon interactions. This topic has a long history culminating in various attempts to understand the notorious missing repulsion in the .rr-nucleus interaction: the standard ansatz for the (energy independent) s-wave pion-nucleus optical potential, given in terms of the empirical threshold T N amplitudes times densities pp,n and supplemented by sizable doublescattering corrections, still misses the observed repulsive interaction by a large amount. This problem has traditionally been circumvented on purely phenomenological grounds by introducing an extraordinarily large repulsive real part (Re&) in the p2 terms of the .rr-nucleus potential. The arbitrariness of this procedure is of course unsatisfactory.
We study heavy–light meson resonances with quantum numbers JP=0+ and JP=1+ in terms of the non-li... more We study heavy–light meson resonances with quantum numbers JP=0+ and JP=1+ in terms of the non-linear chiral SU(3) Lagrangian. At leading order a parameter-free prediction is obtained for the scattering of Goldstone bosons off heavy–light pseudo-scalar and vector mesons. The recently announced narrow open-charm states observed by the BABAR and CLEO Collaborations are reproduced. We suggest the existence of states
We propose a non-equilibrium hadronic model to interpret the observed excitation function of kaon... more We propose a non-equilibrium hadronic model to interpret the observed excitation function of kaon-to-pion ratios in nuclear collisions at AGS and SPS energies. The crucial assumption of our model is that due to stronger stopping at lower energies the lifetime of the fireball is prolonged because the system has to build up the longitudinal expansion from internal pressure.
We propose a non-equilibrium hadronic model to interpret the observed excitation func- tion of ka... more We propose a non-equilibrium hadronic model to interpret the observed excitation func- tion of kaon-to-pion ratios in nuclear collisions at AGS and SPS energies. The crucial assumption of our model is that due to stronger stopping at lower energies the lifetime of the fireball is prolonged because the system has to build up the longitudinal expansion from internal pressure.
We review the important role played by the chiral SU(3) symmetry in predicting the properties of ... more We review the important role played by the chiral SU(3) symmetry in predicting the properties of antikaons and hyperon resonances in cold nuclear matter. Objects of crucial importance are the meson-baryon scattering amplitudes obtained within the chiral coupledchannel effective field theory. The formation of baryon resonances as implied by chiral coupled-channel dynamics is discussed. Results for antikaon and hyperon-resonance spectral functions are presented for isospin symmetric and asymmetric matter.
We discuss a new type of reactions of a φ meson production on hyperons, πY → φY and anti-kaons KN... more We discuss a new type of reactions of a φ meson production on hyperons, πY → φY and anti-kaons KN → φY . These reactions are not suppressed according to Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule and can be a new efficient source of φ mesons in a nucleus-nucleus collision. We discuss how these reactions can affect the centrality dependence and the rapidity distributions of the φ yield.
The Larkin-Migdal approach to a cold superfluid Fermi liquid is generalized for a non-equilibrium... more The Larkin-Migdal approach to a cold superfluid Fermi liquid is generalized for a non-equilibrium system. The Schwinger-Keldysh diagram technique is applied. The developed formalism is applicable to the pairing in the states with arbitrary angular momenta. We consider the white body radiation problem by calculating probabilities of different direct reactions from a piece of a fermion superfluid. The closed diagram technique is formulated in terms of the full Green's functions for systems with the pairing correlation. The cutting rules are used to classify the diagrams representing one-nucleon, two-nucleon, etc. processes in the matter. The important role of multi-piece diagrams for the vector-current conservation is demonstrated. In the case of equilibrated systems, dealing with dressed Green's functions, we demonstrate correspondence between calculations in the Schwinger-Kadanoff-Baym-Keldysh formalism and the ordinary Matsubara technique. As an example we consider neutrino radiation from the neutron pair breaking and formation processes in case of a singlet pairing. Necessary correlation effects are included. The in-medium renormalization of normal and anomalous vertices is performed.
͑Submitted 15 August 1997͒ Zh. É ksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 385-397 ͑August 1998͒ We consider massive p... more ͑Submitted 15 August 1997͒ Zh. É ksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 385-397 ͑August 1998͒ We consider massive photon decay reactions via intermediate states of electron-electron-holes and proton-proton-holes into neutrino-antineutrino pairs in the course of neutron star cooling. These reactions may become operative in hot neutron stars in the region of proton pairing where the photon due to the Higgs-Meissner effect acquires an effective mass m ␥ that is small compared to the corresponding plasma frequency. The contribution of these reactions to neutrino emissivity is calculated; it varies with the temperature and the photon mass as T 3/2 m ␥ 7/2 exp(Ϫm ␥ /T) for TϽm ␥ . Estimates show that these processes appear as extra efficient cooling channels of neutron stars at temperatures TӍ10 9 -10 10 K.
Probabilities and differential cross sections for the pion production of pi- mesons in direct NN ... more Probabilities and differential cross sections for the pion production of pi- mesons in direct NN -> NN pi- reactions are calculated with allowance for a change in the NN interaction in nuclear matter. The results obtained in an analytic form for arbitrary temperatures of matter and arbitrary energies and momenta of pions.
We propose a non-equilibrium, hadronic kinetic model for describing the relative abundance of str... more We propose a non-equilibrium, hadronic kinetic model for describing the relative abundance of strange particles in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The energy dependence of the multiplicity ratios of charged kaons and lambdas to pions are studied in detail. The pronounced peak in positively charged K/pi is conjectured to be due to the decreasing lifetime of a fireball with an increase in beam energy above 30 AGeV. Such a behaviour may be the consequence of a stronger stopping at lower beam energies. We study the dependence of the multiplicity ratios on energy and baryon density of the fireball and its total lifetime.
Progress in Nonequilibrium Green's Functions - Proceedings of the Conference "Kadanoff-Baym Equations: Progress and Perspectives for Many-body Physics", 2000
Particle-hole modes with quantum numbers of pions and negative kaons can propagate in nuclear mat... more Particle-hole modes with quantum numbers of pions and negative kaons can propagate in nuclear matter. We discuss possible manifestations of these modes in experiments on heavy-ion collisions and on neutrino-nucleus scattering. Calculations of reaction rates in medium can be harmed by double counting, which arises because the very same quantum numbers can be carried in medium as by single particle excitations as by multi-particle ones. We argue that the optical theorem written in terms of the non-equilibrium Green's functions provides a convenient formalism (closed diagram technique) void of double counting. a extended contribution to Proc. of Int. Workshop "Kadanoff-
ABSTRACT We study viscosity of the neutron star matter and $r$-mode instability in rotating neutr... more ABSTRACT We study viscosity of the neutron star matter and $r$-mode instability in rotating neutron stars. Contributions to the shear and bulk viscosities from various processes are calculated with account of in-medium modifications of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. A softening of the pion mode and a possibility of the pion condensation are included. The nucleon pairing is incorporated. In the shear viscosity we include the lepton contribution calculated with account of the Landau damping in the photon exchange, the nucleon contribution described by the medium-modified one pion exchange, and other terms, such as the novel phonon contribution in the 1S$_0$ superfluid neutron phase, and the neutrino term in the neutrino opacity region. The nucleon shear viscosity depends on the density rather moderately and proves to be much less than the lepton term. Among the terms contributing to the bulk viscosity, the term from the medium modified Urca reactions possesses strongest density dependence because of the pion softening. Contributions to the bulk viscosity arising from other reactions induced by charged weak currents are included. The radiative bulk viscosity induced by charged and neutral weak currents in the region of the neutrino transparency of the star is also calculated with account for in-medium effects. The computed frequency boundary of the $r$-mode stability for the stars with the mass $\ge 1.8 M_{\odot}$ proves to be above the frequencies of all rotating young pulsars. To explain the stability of rapid rotation of old pulsars in X-ray binaries we propose a novel efficient mechanism associated with appearance of condensates of low-lying modes of bosonic excitations with finite momentum and/or with an enhancement of the inhomogeneous pion/kaon condensates in some parts of the star, if the angular velocity exceeds a critical value.
We demonstrate that stability of r-modes in young rapidly rotating pulsars might be explained if ... more We demonstrate that stability of r-modes in young rapidly rotating pulsars might be explained if one takes into account strong medium modifications of the nucleon-nucleon interaction because of the softening of pionic degrees of freedom in dense nucleon matter. Presence of the efficient direct Urca processes is not required. Within our model the most rapidly rotating observed young pulsar PSR J0537-6910 should have mass ≥ 1.8M ⊙.
Nuclear matter aspects of neutron stars PACS 67.25.D--4 He Superfluid phase PACS 74.20.-z -Theori... more Nuclear matter aspects of neutron stars PACS 67.25.D--4 He Superfluid phase PACS 74.20.-z -Theories and models of superconducting state PACS 03.75.Kk -Bose-Einstein condensates, dynamic properties Abstract -A possibility of the condensation of excitations with non-zero momentum in moving superfluid media is considered in terms of the Ginzburg-Landau model. The results might be applicable to the superfluid 4 He, ultracold atomic Bose gases, various superconducting and neutral systems with pairing, like ultracold atomic Fermi gases and the neutron component in compact stars. The order parameters, the energy gain, and critical velocities are found.
We discuss strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions in the broad energy range -from SIS ene... more We discuss strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions in the broad energy range -from SIS energies through AGS-SPS-RHIC and upto LHC energies. On several examples we demonstrate how the strange particle production can reveal information about the collision dynamics and about possible modifications of particle properties in medium. In particular the production of hadrons containing two and more strange quarks, like Ξ and Ω baryons, or a φ meson is of interest. We conduct our discussion in the framework of the minimal statistical model, in which the total strangeness yield is fixed by the K + multiplicity. It is emphasized that in collisions with a small number of produced strange particles, the exact strangeness conservation in each collision event must be explicitly preserved.
BARYONS 2002 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Structure of Baryons, 2003
A combined chiral and 1/Nc expansion of the Bethe-Salpeter interaction kernel leads to a good des... more A combined chiral and 1/Nc expansion of the Bethe-Salpeter interaction kernel leads to a good description of the kaon-nucleon, antikaon-nucleon and pion-nucleon scattering data typically up to laboratory momenta of p lab 500 MeV. The covariant on-shell reduced coupled channel Bethe-Salpeter equation with the interaction kernel truncated to chiral order Q 3 and to the leading order in the 1/Nc expansion is evaluated.
The aim of these lectures is to introduce basic processes responsible for cooling of neutron star... more The aim of these lectures is to introduce basic processes responsible for cooling of neutron stars and to show how to calculate the neutrino production rate in dense strongly interacting nuclear medium. The formalism is presented that treats on equal footing one-nucleon and multiple-nucleon processes and reactions with virtual bosonic modes and condensates. We demonstrate that neutrino emission from dense hadronic component in neutron stars is subject of strong modifications due to collective effects in the nuclear matter. With the most important in-medium processes incorporated in the cooling code an overall agreement with available soft X ray data can be easily achieved. With these findings the so-called "standard" and "non-standard" cooling scenarios are replaced by one general "nuclear medium cooling scenario" which relates slow and rapid neutron star coolings to the star masses (interior densities). The lectures are split in four parts.
A low energy effective theory based on a microscopic multi-channel description of the atom-atom i... more A low energy effective theory based on a microscopic multi-channel description of the atom-atom interaction is derived for the scattering of alkali atoms in different hyperfine states. This theory describes all scattering properties, including medium effects, in terms of the singlet and triplet scattering lengths and the range of the atom-atom potential and provides a link between a microscopic description of Feshbach scattering and more phenomenological approaches. It permits the calculation of medium effects on the resonance coming from the occupation of closed channel states. The examination of such effects are demonstrated to be of particular relevance to an experimentally important Feshbach resonance for 40 K atoms. We analyze a recent rethermalization rate experiment on 40 K and demonstrate that a measurement of the temperature dependence of this rate can determine the magnetic moment of the Feshbach molecule. Finally, the energy dependence of the Feshbach interaction is shown to introduce a negative effective range inversely proportional to the width of the resonance. Since our theory is based on a microscopic multi-channel picture, it allows the explicit calculation of corrections to commonly used approximations such as the neglect of the effective range and the treatment of the Feshbach molecule as a point boson.
Recent accurate data on Is states of 7~-bound to P b [l] and Sn isotopes have set new standards a... more Recent accurate data on Is states of 7~-bound to P b [l] and Sn isotopes have set new standards and constraints for the detailed analysis of s-wave pion-nucleon interactions. This topic has a long history culminating in various attempts to understand the notorious missing repulsion in the .rr-nucleus interaction: the standard ansatz for the (energy independent) s-wave pion-nucleus optical potential, given in terms of the empirical threshold T N amplitudes times densities pp,n and supplemented by sizable doublescattering corrections, still misses the observed repulsive interaction by a large amount. This problem has traditionally been circumvented on purely phenomenological grounds by introducing an extraordinarily large repulsive real part (Re&) in the p2 terms of the .rr-nucleus potential. The arbitrariness of this procedure is of course unsatisfactory.
We study heavy–light meson resonances with quantum numbers JP=0+ and JP=1+ in terms of the non-li... more We study heavy–light meson resonances with quantum numbers JP=0+ and JP=1+ in terms of the non-linear chiral SU(3) Lagrangian. At leading order a parameter-free prediction is obtained for the scattering of Goldstone bosons off heavy–light pseudo-scalar and vector mesons. The recently announced narrow open-charm states observed by the BABAR and CLEO Collaborations are reproduced. We suggest the existence of states
We propose a non-equilibrium hadronic model to interpret the observed excitation function of kaon... more We propose a non-equilibrium hadronic model to interpret the observed excitation function of kaon-to-pion ratios in nuclear collisions at AGS and SPS energies. The crucial assumption of our model is that due to stronger stopping at lower energies the lifetime of the fireball is prolonged because the system has to build up the longitudinal expansion from internal pressure.
We propose a non-equilibrium hadronic model to interpret the observed excitation func- tion of ka... more We propose a non-equilibrium hadronic model to interpret the observed excitation func- tion of kaon-to-pion ratios in nuclear collisions at AGS and SPS energies. The crucial assumption of our model is that due to stronger stopping at lower energies the lifetime of the fireball is prolonged because the system has to build up the longitudinal expansion from internal pressure.
We review the important role played by the chiral SU(3) symmetry in predicting the properties of ... more We review the important role played by the chiral SU(3) symmetry in predicting the properties of antikaons and hyperon resonances in cold nuclear matter. Objects of crucial importance are the meson-baryon scattering amplitudes obtained within the chiral coupledchannel effective field theory. The formation of baryon resonances as implied by chiral coupled-channel dynamics is discussed. Results for antikaon and hyperon-resonance spectral functions are presented for isospin symmetric and asymmetric matter.
We discuss a new type of reactions of a φ meson production on hyperons, πY → φY and anti-kaons KN... more We discuss a new type of reactions of a φ meson production on hyperons, πY → φY and anti-kaons KN → φY . These reactions are not suppressed according to Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule and can be a new efficient source of φ mesons in a nucleus-nucleus collision. We discuss how these reactions can affect the centrality dependence and the rapidity distributions of the φ yield.
The Larkin-Migdal approach to a cold superfluid Fermi liquid is generalized for a non-equilibrium... more The Larkin-Migdal approach to a cold superfluid Fermi liquid is generalized for a non-equilibrium system. The Schwinger-Keldysh diagram technique is applied. The developed formalism is applicable to the pairing in the states with arbitrary angular momenta. We consider the white body radiation problem by calculating probabilities of different direct reactions from a piece of a fermion superfluid. The closed diagram technique is formulated in terms of the full Green's functions for systems with the pairing correlation. The cutting rules are used to classify the diagrams representing one-nucleon, two-nucleon, etc. processes in the matter. The important role of multi-piece diagrams for the vector-current conservation is demonstrated. In the case of equilibrated systems, dealing with dressed Green's functions, we demonstrate correspondence between calculations in the Schwinger-Kadanoff-Baym-Keldysh formalism and the ordinary Matsubara technique. As an example we consider neutrino radiation from the neutron pair breaking and formation processes in case of a singlet pairing. Necessary correlation effects are included. The in-medium renormalization of normal and anomalous vertices is performed.
Uploads
Papers by E. Kolomeitsev