Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and effects of service charges on notification among pregnant women attending antenatal care at General Hospital, Otukpo, Nigeria
Annals of Medical Research and Practice
Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem, even though its ... more Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem, even though its prevalence is disproportionately high in resource-limited countries, it is still under-reported. Mother-to-child transmission is a major route of HBV transmission in an endemic region like sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the prevalence of HBV infection and the effect of service charge on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) disease notification among pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic at General Hospital, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study with convenient sampling techniques were used for all pregnant women enrolled for antenatal care (ANC) within the reviewed period. Chi-square (χ2) test was used for the test of association between the independent variable and the main outcome of the study, with statistical significance set at P = 5%. Results: Of the total 1144 cases reviewed, 843 (73.7%) were tested for human immunodef...
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Papers by John Ujoh
Background: The emanation of multi-drugs resistant microorganisms and the challenges faced in combating multi-drug resistant infections is a public health issue and this has increased the search for effective antibiotics from natural sources.
Objectives: This work aims to determine the susceptibility of some pathogenic bacterial species to snail slime.
Methods: The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic snail slime extracts were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus,
Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli using the agar well diffusion method.
Results: The results showed that all the organisms were sensitive to both extracts but were more susceptible to aqueous extracts;
the highest zone of inhibition for aqueous extracts was 27.33mm ± 2.51mm for Staphylococcus aureus at concentration of 1000µl/
ml, while the lowest was 11.33mm ± 1.53mm against Escherichia coli. The highest zone of inhibition for ethanolic fraction was
15.67 ± 1.15mm for Salmonella typhi. The lowest inhibition was 9.33mm ± 0.58mm for Escherichia coli. The MIC was 3.125%
for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli and 6.25% for S. typhi. The extracts were not cidal at the concentrations
used. Statistical analysis revealed that the treatments between the aqueous and ethanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were significant (p ≤ 0.05). The treatment against B. subtilis showed no significant difference
between the two extracts (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: This study has revealed that snail slime possesses antibacterial properties which can be used as anti-microbial
agents against infectious diseases.
Keywords: Antibacterial; Inhibition; Resistant; Snail; Slime.
Background: The emanation of multi-drugs resistant microorganisms and the challenges faced in combating multi-drug resistant infections is a public health issue and this has increased the search for effective antibiotics from natural sources.
Objectives: This work aims to determine the susceptibility of some pathogenic bacterial species to snail slime.
Methods: The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic snail slime extracts were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus,
Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli using the agar well diffusion method.
Results: The results showed that all the organisms were sensitive to both extracts but were more susceptible to aqueous extracts;
the highest zone of inhibition for aqueous extracts was 27.33mm ± 2.51mm for Staphylococcus aureus at concentration of 1000µl/
ml, while the lowest was 11.33mm ± 1.53mm against Escherichia coli. The highest zone of inhibition for ethanolic fraction was
15.67 ± 1.15mm for Salmonella typhi. The lowest inhibition was 9.33mm ± 0.58mm for Escherichia coli. The MIC was 3.125%
for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli and 6.25% for S. typhi. The extracts were not cidal at the concentrations
used. Statistical analysis revealed that the treatments between the aqueous and ethanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were significant (p ≤ 0.05). The treatment against B. subtilis showed no significant difference
between the two extracts (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: This study has revealed that snail slime possesses antibacterial properties which can be used as anti-microbial
agents against infectious diseases.
Keywords: Antibacterial; Inhibition; Resistant; Snail; Slime.