University of London

We have managed 27 patients (16 women and 11 men) with a mean age of 68.4 years (50 to 84), with failed total hip replacement and severe proximal femoral bone loss by revision using a distal fix/proximal wrap prosthesis. The mean follow-up was for 55.3 months (25 to 126). The mean number of previous operations was 2.2 (1 to 4). The mean Oxford hip score decreased from 46.2 (38 to 60) to 28.5 (17 to 42) (paired t-test, p < 0.001) and the mean Harris Hip score increased from 30.4 (3 to 57.7) to 71.7 (44 to 99.7) (paired t-test, p < 0.001). There were two dislocations, and in three patients we failed to eradicate previous infection. None required revision of the femoral stem. This technique allows instant distal fixation while promoting biological integration and restoration of bone stock. In the short term, the functional outcome is encouraging and the complication rates acceptable in this difficult group of patients.

Purpose: Recently, a medical device (Arthro-BST™, Bio Syntech Canada Inc.) was developed to assess the electromechanical properties of articular cartilage during arthroscopy by measuring streaming potentials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of this device and to correlate Arthro-BST™ measurements to biochemical, biomechanical and geometrical properties of human articular cartilage. Methods and Materials: Streaming potentials were mapped using the Arthro-BST™ in vitro at 102 positions on the articular surfaces of one human cadaver knee. Five different users performed 3 consecutive mappings on each surface. 27 cartilage disks were isolated and collagen, mature (hydroxylysyl-pyridinoline) and immature (divalent keto-imine) collagen crosslinks. The reliability of the Arthro-BST measurements among different users was evaluated using the

The aim of work was to analyze clinical effectiveness of fresh bone marrow and periosteum versus autologous chondrocytes in treatment of traumatic and degenerative cartilage defects. Methods and Materials: There were 30 patients involved into this study, with mean age of 37 years. Patients were randomly operated either with chondrocytes or fresh bone marrow. Bone marrow was aspirated from iliac crest and implanted under the periosteum sutured over the defect. Chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, than implanted under collagen membrane. Patients followed same rehabilitation protocol. At 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively, patients were evaluated with analogue pain scale, Brittberg-Peterson VAS score, Lysholm and IKDC questionnaires. Patients were evaluated with MRI 3 and 12 and 24 months postoperatively. In 3 patients of each group tissue samples were obtained for histological assessment. Results: After 36 months, 12 patients treated with bone marrow were as normal. In both groups MRI revealed surface with correct contour and continuity, without changes in subchondral bone in all but one patient treated with bone marrow. All histology samples revealed good cartilage-like regeneration. Conclusions: In our opinion, there is need for introduction of biological therapies that avoid manipulations outside the surgical study clinical results of bone marrow and periosteum combination in treatment of symptomatic, full thickness cartilage defects were compared with autologous chondrocytes implantation, without 5.8 7 Year sequential clinical outcome improvement following autologous chondrocyte implantation

Purpose: Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) is being increasingly used in the treatment of osteochondral defects of the knee. We tested the hypothesis that ACI produces improvement in the Short Form (SF36) score comparable to those produced in total knee replacement (TKR). Methods and Materials: We prospectively used the SF-36 and

Purpose: Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) is being increasingly used in the treatment of osteochondral defects of the knee. We tested the hypothesis that ACI produces improvement in the Short Form (SF36) score comparable to those produced in total knee replacement (TKR). Methods and Materials: We prospectively used the SF-36 and

The nation-building agenda in Fiji emphasizes the strengthening of social capital, in particular the social cohesion and trust between all Fijian citizens. including indigenous farmers (targeted in the present proposals) and population groups that have settled in the country recently. Priorities for economic development include maintaining macroeconomic stability, export promotion, import substitution, raising investment levels, making more land available for productive and social purposes, and enhancing global integration and international relations. Fiji’s main exports of sugar, fish, crude coconut oil, root crops, and horticultural crops are facing stiff international competition. The country is still importing many of its basic food requirements including rice, meat, milk, the needs of the tourism sector and around 90% of the food lines in the supermarkets.
Subsistence farming and sugarcane production have shrunk in the structure of the economy, while the shares of other crops (traditional food crops, tropical fruits, vegetables, spices, cocoa and coconut products) and livestock (beef, dairy, pork, poultry, goat and bee stocks) have increased to contribute an average of 6.8% of GDP over the past decade, indicating a gradual transformation from semi-subsistence to semi-commercial farming. These commodities make up 5% of exports by value but still account for 19.6% of total food imports.
AICV participation in the proposed cider industry in Fiji would bring in investments in human capacity, enterprise development and institutions at several levels which will strengthen value chains to overcome market failure and improve eventual returns to farmers. For small-scale farmers, basic skills in planning and resource allocation together with technical training will enable them to respond to market demand with an adequate quality and quantity of supply. At the same time, there are other investments that can be made to help lower the costs of entrepreneurs doing business in matters related to the collection, handling, transport and packaging of outputs sourced from producers. As the world's leading donor, the EU provides over 50% of all global development aid. The EU development policy which seeks to eradicate poverty in a context of sustainable development is a cornerstone of EU relations with the outside world. A Joint Communication presented on 22 November 2016 sets out the ideas and proposed building blocks for a for a renewed political partnership with the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. Based on the
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internationally agreed UN 2030 Agenda, which provides strategic guidance on the EU's external interests and ambitions, the Communication is coherent with the Commission proposal to revise the European Consensus on Development. The EU considers that decision-making and implementation of the new partnership will forge a powerful alliance with ACP countries delivering on key priorities. The large number of island nations and their huge maritime territories make the Pacific countries an important player for the EU in tackling global challenges, particularly with respect to their vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change. The EU’s other priorities focus on good governance, human rights, gender issues and inclusive sustainable growth. AICV would assist ADU and FijiCiders to promote effective policies, to link more effectively with the private sector, to advise farmers on agribusiness matters and to ensure an appropriate regulatory environment for agribusiness and related foreign trade. In the process, AICV would also embed the capacity to carry out such work in the future. Though designed with the particular conditions of the
geographic area targeted by Component 3 in mind, these activities would address constraints impeding progress across the whole agricultural sector.
ADU has consolidated and extended the technical and managerial capacity of public sector cadres to discharge effectively their dual modern roles of regulating and promoting agribusiness to the benefit of the sector at large, mandated to: analyse sectoral value chain issues; consult widely and inform management on proposals for policy refinement; and bring about a conducive agribusiness framework fit for purpose in Fiji.
Issues to be addressed by the Agribusiness Development Unit (ADU). The ADU would support the private sector in areas such as marketing, agribusiness, farm management and post-harvest handling, thereby facilitating supply chains and the conduct of business. Domestic agricultural marketing development, international trade, including the all-important question of quarantine, and agro-industry development would be supported by skills upgrading as well as the identification of constraints and ways of overcoming them. The ADU would seek to identify ways of promoting improved linkages between intermediaries. “middlemen” and farmers. It would develop a capacity to advise farmers and farmer organizations on marketing and business; would identify and promote market infrastructure requirements consistent with the clearly expressed needs of the relevant value chains and would carry out or commission market studies. Finally, it would promote communication both within and between value chains.

The purpose of this revised Sustainable Design Strategy is to provide a framework for achieving sustainable design outcomes within the new municipality of Dawasamu. This framework addresses specifically to create a more sustainable urban development comprised of architecture, transport networks and infrastructure that are low carbon,
water sensitive and resource efficient on both construction and operation with features such as on site water retention and re-use, double glazing, sun shading and strategic integration of thermal mass, cross ventilation and generous bicycle parking.

For most people, the expression “climate change” means the alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing, through fossil fuel burning, clearing forests and other practices that increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. This is in line with the official definition by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that climate change is the change that can be attributed “directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”
“Disaster risk reduction” can be defined as “action taken to reduce the risk of disasters and the adverse impacts of natural hazards, through systematic efforts to analyse andmanage the causes of disasters, including through avoidance of hazards, reduced social and economic vulnerability to hazards, and improved preparedness for adverse events’. It is therefore tailor-made to help counteract the added risks arising from climate change.

Hare Krishna Food for Life (Fiji) realizes that known environmental issues such as rapid growth of human population, depletion of the energy sources, global warming and increasing water level have affected the ecosystems and biological diversity which need to be considered with sustainable design strategies and innovative solutions. The efficient use of energy in buildings requires understanding a series of questions and issues in relation to the built environment and also seeks new concepts and forward looking visions. Energy consumption has environmental impacts and plays a key role in addressing challenges of assessment in the built environment. Non-renewable energy sources are being consumed at staggering rates which can lead to major environmental challenges and concerns.
The concept of floating architecture can be introduced as an innovative solution to climate change challenges in the built environment. Not only does floating architecture can create new architecture style but also connect an interface between the offshore renewable energy and the built environment. The idea of living and working on water itself is neither new nor innovative as there are many instances of floating buildings in the past and there are examples of floating houses in Asia which has a much longer history of floating architecture and in which people are still living.