Papers by José Pinto Duarte
We have been witnessing an increased interest in a more holistic approach to urban design practic... more We have been witnessing an increased interest in a more holistic approach to urban design practice and education. In this paper we present a spatial data model for urban design that proposes the combination of urban environment feature classes with design process feature classes. This data model is implemented in a spatial database that becomes the backbone of a City Information Model (CIM), integrating urban neighbourhood formulation, design, and evaluation methods into a comprehensive urban design support system. We demonstrate its application to urban design analysis and evaluation through the development of a tool for AutoCAD Map 3D that is integrated with the PostGIS spatial database.
"When pursuing a more sustainable and integrative urban development, the first stage of ... more "When pursuing a more sustainable and integrative urban development, the first stage of the urban design process should consist of a pre-design phase where the context of the site is analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. This information provides a base line for the contextualisation of the urban programme, of the design solutions and of the evaluation benchmarks proposed for the site. Our research project aims to develop an urban design system using an urban ontology that can be applied to the formulation, generation and evaluation of urban plans. The purpose of this urban design system is: (1) formulation - to read data from the site context on a GIS platform and then generate adequate program descriptions, given the contextual conditions; (2) generation - to generate alternative design solutions that match the program, and (3) evaluation - to evaluate evolving design solutions against the program to obtain satisfactory results. In this paper we present a methodology for data mining an urban Geographic Information System (GIS) data set, consisting of three main phases: representation, analysis and description. The process reveals a series of block and street typologies that highlight the different character of two neighbourhoods. This methodology is demanding in the preparation phase and requires a high level of GIS and statistics expertise in the analysis phase. However, it successfully addresses the complex multi-scale and multi- level nature of cities in a systematic way, providing a tool for systematic profiling of neighbourhoods, which is site and problem specific."
Future Internet, 2012
Urban planning has a considerable impact on the economic performance of cities and on the quality... more Urban planning has a considerable impact on the economic performance of cities and on the quality of life of their populations. Efficiency at this level has been hampered by the lack of integrated tools to adequately describe urban space in order to formulate appropriate design solutions. This paper describes an ontology called LBCS-OWL2 specifically developed to overcome this flaw, based on the Land Based Classification Standards (LBCS), a comprehensive and detailed land use standard to describe the different dimensions of urban space. The goal is to provide semantic and computer-readable land use descriptions of geo-referenced spatial data. This will help to make programming strategies available to those involved in the urban development process. There are several advantages to transferring a land use standard to an OWL2 land use ontology: it is modular, it can be shared and reused, it can be extended and data consistency maintained, and it is ready for integration, thereby supporting the interoperability of different urban planning applications. This standard is used as a basic structure for the "City Information Modelling" (CIM) model developed within a larger research project called City Induction, which aims to develop a tool for urban planning and design.
International Journal of Architectural Computing, 2014
Proceedings of the ICE - Urban Design and Planning, 2013
The present policy objective of sustainable urban development has created the need for methods of... more The present policy objective of sustainable urban development has created the need for methods of ex ante evaluation of local area development projects that assess the contribution of alternative solutions to the general sustainability goals. For this reason, we have seen the evolution of building energy assessment methods into sustainable neighbourhood assessment methods that are more integrative and contextual to accommodate the complexities of the urban scale. This article identifies and reviews a selection of sustainable urban development evaluation tools that are applicable to the early stages of urban design projects, to provide a clearer picture of the state of play to those needing to use such tools and those wanting to develop new ones. The review follows an analytical framework covering the format, structure, content and output of the tools, based on the recommendations of planning evaluation theory and the requirements of urban design practice. Since no single tool stands out from the review, the choice is not simple and there is scope both to further improve existing tools and develop new ones. The paper concludes proposing a strategy for the development of robust and compatible sustainable urban development evaluation methods based on four goals: collaboration, compatibility, customisation and combination.
Nexus Network Journal, 2011
Presented as a poster at Nexus 2010: Relationships Between Architecture and Mathematics, Porto, 1... more Presented as a poster at Nexus 2010: Relationships Between Architecture and Mathematics, Porto, 13-15 June 2010. Abstract. The research described in this paper is part of a project aimed at decoding Alberti's De re aedificatoria by inferring the corresponding shape grammar ...
Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, 2006
... when a designer is faced with the design of a large development, the solution is to design a ... more ... when a designer is faced with the design of a large development, the solution is to design a limited number of ... Address for correspondence: José P. Duarte, Departamento de Engenharia Civil eArquitectura, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. ...
Automation in Construction, 2002
A framework for the generation and fabrication of architectural massing designs is presented. The... more A framework for the generation and fabrication of architectural massing designs is presented. The framework consists of a computer program, which generates designs based on shape grammars, and rapid prototyping technologies that produce physical models of generated designs. The goal is to illustrate how geometrically complex designs, difficult to produce by hand, can be generated based on a few basic shapes and rules. The software developed uses Java, Open Inventor and cutting-edge 3D graphics technology. The extension of the proposed framework to one using the World Wide Web is briefly discussed. D
Automation in Construction, 2009
This paper describes an integrated system for enabling the mass customization of housing. The goa... more This paper describes an integrated system for enabling the mass customization of housing. The goal is to lower the costs through recourse to large scale, serial production while satisfying the unique requirements of each individual household to guarantee customer satisfaction. The integrated system includes a design system that encodes the rules for generating customized designs and a prefab building system that makes it possible to construct from such designs. Integration is achieved through a computer tool that enables the easy exploration and visualization of solutions, and automatically generates the information required for production.
Automation in Construction, 2005
The ultimate goal of the described research is a process for mass customizing housing based on co... more The ultimate goal of the described research is a process for mass customizing housing based on computer-aided design and production systems. The current goal is the development of an interactive system for generating solutions on the Web based on a modeling approach called discursive grammar. A discursive grammar consists of a programming grammar and a designing grammar. The programming grammar generates design briefs based on user data; the designing grammar provides the rules for generating designs in a particular style, and a set of heuristics guides the generation of designs towards a solution that matches the design brief. This paper describes the designing grammar using Siza's houses at Malagueira as a case study. D
AI EDAM, 2007
Page 1. Unveiling the structure of the Marrakech Medina: A shape grammar and an interpreter for g... more Page 1. Unveiling the structure of the Marrakech Medina: A shape grammar and an interpreter for generating urban form JOSE´ P. DUARTE,1 JOA O M. ROCHA,2 AND GONÇALO DUCLA SOARES1 1ICIST, Instituto Superior ...
Abstract. We present a software tool for urban planing, driven by semantic web ontologies. With t... more Abstract. We present a software tool for urban planing, driven by semantic web ontologies. With this tool, the participants of the urban development process can semantically annotate an intervention site with knowledge about the use of the land. The tool provides the user as much flexibility as possible in the choice of the land use standard that will be used to perform the classifications. This flexibility is achieved by defining extensible ontologies in which the concrete standards can be built upon. This allows our tool to load external ontologies that ...
We present 4 City Semantics, a software tool for city planning driven by semantic web ontologies.... more We present 4 City Semantics, a software tool for city planning driven by semantic web ontologies. With this tool the participants of the urban development process may identify an urban intervention site and respective surrounding area and semantically annotate them with knowledge about the use of the land and the type and size of its population, following a customizable workflow. The key principle behind the tool lies in the use of semantic web ontologies for the representation of land use systems, planning process workflow and ...
Proceedings of 27th Conference on Education of Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Istanbul, Turkey, 2009
… 2009-Proceedings of …, 2009
Street configurations may vary according to many factors, from cultural and social to topographic... more Street configurations may vary according to many factors, from cultural and social to topographic or functional factors. Some may not be found at all outside the cultural context. Many researchers have tried to define and classify such characteristics but a universal consensus seems ...
Assessing Computational Tools for Urban Design Towards a city information model Jorge Gil1, Jos... more Assessing Computational Tools for Urban Design Towards a city information model Jorge Gil1, José Beirão 2, Nuno Montenegro 3, José Duarte4 1 ... However, the urban model needs expanding to incorporate a wider range of urban patterns and it still needs analysis and evalua ...
Proceedings of the APDR …, 2009
Joelho: Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, 2014
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Papers by José Pinto Duarte