Papers by nur aishah zarime
International Journal of GEOMATE
The increase in excessive solid waste due to the rapid growth of the world's population is consid... more The increase in excessive solid waste due to the rapid growth of the world's population is considered a severe environmental problem. The landfill leachate will contaminate groundwater, putting all living things at risk. Natural clay is a common liner material used to keep landfill leachate from polluting the environment. This study investigates the geotechnical properties of natural marine clay and its potential to be used as a landfill liner. To investigate the soil properties, the Sungai Besar marine clay (SBMC) was subjected to physico-chemical, morphology and mineralogy properties including particle size distribution, specific gravity, atterberg limits, compaction, permeability, pH, organic content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Batch Equilibrium Test was conducted to determine the effectiveness of SBMC in adsorbing heavy metals (Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Cd 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+). Results showed SBMC has a high percentage of fine grain size (silt 73-87% +clay 12-19 %), lower value of specific gravity (2.14-2.29), high liquid limit (79.50-84.00%), plasticity limit (49.18-59.35 %), plasticity index (20.15-34.22 %) and was categorized at very high plasticity in plasticity indexed chart. The SBMC also has maximum dry density value (1.36-1.37 g/cm 3), optimum moisture content, wopt (34.55-37.97 %) and average hydraulic conductivity (6.35 x 10-7-6.88 x 10-7 m/s). The chemical properties of the SBMC1 showed it has a high pH value (6.95-7.42), organic matter (5.31-6.06 %), CEC (91.25-92.32 meq/100g), and SSA value (60.28-62.38 m 2 /g). The XRD results showed that kaolinite, and illite were the most prevalent clay minerals, with quartz as the non-clay mineral. SEM analysis also revealed that kaolinite and microfossils were within the SBMC. The Batch Equilibrium test also showed that SBMC in single solution exhibited higher sorption for Cu (Kd= 0.4499 L/g, R 2 =0.98), followed by Pb (Kd= 0.3701 L/g, R 2 =0.85), Co (Kd= 0.3232 L/g, R 2 = 0. 0.88), Ni (Kd= 0.1483 L/g, R 2 =0.98), Zn (Kd= 0.0711 L/g, R 2 = 0.93) and Cd (Kd= 0.0627 L/g, R 2 = 0.98). Based on physico-chemical, mineralogy and morphology results, SBMC is an excellent choice acting as natural clay-based energy material to be used as an engineered clay liner in a landfill area.
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, 2018
This paper highlights the physico-chemical properties of granitic residual soils and the effectiv... more This paper highlights the physico-chemical properties of granitic residual soils and the effectiveness of using batch and column tests to study the migration and sorption of heavy metal (Cadmium) through compacted soil layer. Granitic residual soil was taken from Broga, Selangor and this material has undergone physical-chemical tests conducted based on British Standard Method, BS1377 (1990). For sorption analysis, batch and mini column infiltration tests were conducted according to USEPA (1992) and Antoniadis et al. (2007) methods, respectively. For batch test, results showed that Kd values for both single and mixture solutions were fitted to Linear equations (R 2> 0.8). For Langmuir Isotherm, only mixture solution (KL=0.0015 L/g; R 2= 0.9353) was fitted to the isotherm while for Freundlich Isotherm, only single solution (KF=0.0137 L/g; R 2= 0.9266) was fitted to the isotherm. The curve of adsorbed heavy metal concentration, qe versus equilibrium concentration, Ce showed that the...
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2019
The nano-zero valent iron (nZVI) has been reported as an excellent material to decolourize the an... more The nano-zero valent iron (nZVI) has been reported as an excellent material to decolourize the anionic dyes. Aggregation of nZVI tends to reduce its reactivity. Due to this reason, modifications of nZVI were applied by using bentonite. Bentonite supported nano-zero valent irons (B-nZVI) was synthesized by using reduction method of ferrous ions and sodium borohydride in presence of bentonite. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of composite nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in decolorized of acid orange II from aqueous solutions. All the three adsorbent materials (nZVI, B-nZVI and bentonite) were characterized by physical, chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties such as Brunnaer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with auger electron spectroscopy (XPS-AES), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The batch adsorption tests for all adsorbent materials have been conducted to det...
E3S Web of Conferences, 2019
This study investigates the physico-chemical properties of granitic residual soils and comparison... more This study investigates the physico-chemical properties of granitic residual soils and comparison between two sorption tests; batch and column infiltration tests in evaluating the mobility of Cadmium (Cd) using granitic residual soils. The granitic residual soil has undergone the physical tests (eg: particle size distribution, Atterberg Limits, specific gravity and compaction), chemical tests (eg: pH, organic matter, specific surface area (SSA) and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and sorption tests. For Batch test, the effect of Cd concentration in single and mixture solutions were studied. The result showed the Kd value of single solution (Kd=0.0062 L/g) was higher compared to mix solution (Kd=0.0022 L/g). For column infiltration test, several factors were studied in this research such as different g-force, different types of solutions and different soil thickness. Results showed that both sorption tests have different effects on mobility of heavy metals through soils. The column i...
International Journal of GEOMATE, 2019
The study highlights the effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) composite in removing... more The study highlights the effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) composite in removing Acid Orange II dye. In this study, granitic residual soil has been used as supported material to stabilize the nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and to improve its adsorption capacity. The physical, chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of the successfully synthesized granitic nano zero valent iron (Gr-nZVI) have been analyzed by Brunnaer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Auger Electron Spectroscopy (XPS-AES), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The batch adsorption tests for the granitic residual soil (Gr) and the granitic nanozero valent iron (Gr-nZVI) on Acid Orange II have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of both materials in dye removal. The five effects analyzed in the Batch test are concentration, dose, pH, kinetic and temperature. It was found that Gr-nZVI has higher absorption capacity compared to Gr. The effectiveness of Gr-nZVI composite in dye adsorption is due to the dispersion of nZVI particles on granitic soil particles, consequently providing more sites for adsorption. The results suggest that Gr-nZVI has potential as low-cost adsorbent for Acid Orange II removal from synthetic dye wastewater.
Minerals
Due to the world’s population growth, excessive solid waste generation is a serious environmental... more Due to the world’s population growth, excessive solid waste generation is a serious environmental issue. The landfill leachate infiltrates the soils, pollutes the groundwater, and puts all living things at risk. This study investigates the geotechnical properties of the soils (marine clay and granitic residual soil) and the migration of cadmium (Cd) using a high-speed centrifuge column test. All soil samples were subjected to physicochemical, morphology and mineralogy properties analyses, including the determination of their particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, compaction, permeability, pH, organic content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (SSA). They were also subjected to analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). This research utilizes two types of adsorption tests: batch tests and column infiltration tests. For the Batch test, the elimination percentage of Cd in marine clay was up to 86% (SBMC2) ...
This study is about the mobility of cadmium through compacted granitic soils. Two granitic soils ... more This study is about the mobility of cadmium through compacted granitic soils. Two granitic soils namely the Broga (BGR) and Kajang (KGR) granitic soils were collected in Selangor, Malaysia. Physical and chemical tests were applied for both granitic soils to determine the physical and chemical properties of soil materials. Physical test results shows granitic soils (BGR and KGR) have high percentage of sand ranging between 54%–63% and 46%–54% respectively, an intermediate and intermediate to high plasticity index as well as high specific gravity ie; 2.50–2.59 and 2.45–2.66 respectively. For chemical test, granitic soils shows acidic pH values ranged from 5.35–5.85 for BGR and pH 5.32–5.54 for KGR. For organic matter, SSA and CEC test, it shows low values ranged from 0.22%–0.34% and 0.39%– 0.50% respectively for organic matter test, 17.96 m2/g–21.93 m2/g and 25.76 m2/g–26.83 m2/g respectively for SSA test and 0.79 meq/100g–1.35 meq/100g and 1.31 meq/100g–1.35 meq/100g respectively for...
This study investigates the capability of activated carbon-supported nano-zero valent iron (AC-nZ... more This study investigates the capability of activated carbon-supported nano-zero valent iron (AC-nZVI) to remediate the anionic dye (Acid Orange II). The supported nanoparticles (AC-nZVI) were synthesized by using chemical reduction method of Ferric Chloride Tetrahydrate and Sodium Borohydride, NaBH4 solutions. The absorbents of nZVI and AC-nZVI were characterized by using Brunnaer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Auger Electron Spectroscopy (XPS-AES). Batch Tests were also conducted to delineate the effectiveness of adsorbent materials in removing Acid Orange II. Batch tests involved of five effects including dose, initial concentration, pH, kinetic and temperature. In initial concentration effect, AC-nZVI exhibits larger adsorption capacity (4.41 mg/g) compared to activated carbon (1.82 mg/g) due to the dispersion of nZVI particles on activated carbon particles, co...
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Apr 1, 2017
This study investigated the validity of hydraulic conductivity value using Mini Column Infiltrati... more This study investigated the validity of hydraulic conductivity value using Mini Column Infiltration Test. Granitic residual soils from Broga Selangor, Malaysia were tested to obtain the hydraulic conductivity value in relatively shorter time. Soil samples were physically characterized before being tested using Centrifuge Mini Column Infiltration Technique. A normal 1-g Falling Head Permeability Test (K f) was also being performed as a comparison with hydraulic conductivity value from Centrifuge Test (K cen). For centrifuge test (K cen), there were three factors involved; rotation speed, soil thickness and type of solution (single or mixture solution). Hydraulic conductivity value from Centrifuge Test (K cen) also was highly depending on the Scale Factor Value (SFV). The results from Centrifuge Test showed that the higher rotation speed, the lower SFV would be. Hydraulic conductivity was decreasing with an increasing of rotation speed. The increment of soil thickness also contributed to the decrement of SFV and hydraulic conductivity value. Thus, the hydraulic conductivity value would be more accurate when higher rotation speed and higher soil thickness were applied. Hydraulic conductivity, K cen for a single solution also showed higher values compared to mixture solutions. However, some of hydraulic conductivity value (K cen) showed overestimated values due to the presence of cracks in the soil (mudcakes). Most of the scale factors gave low values (x<1.00) which meant x values were close to unity. The value of hydraulic conductivity for 1-g Permeability Test (K f) was 2.08×10-6 m/s. While for 10mm soil thickness and 2500 RPM (1440-g) velocity of a single solution, the value of hydraulic conductivity (K cen) was 6.82×10 −4 m/s. Since the scale factor obtained was less than 1 (x = 0.74), the value of K cen could be used as a valid number to replace the value of K f from 1-g Permeability Test. This study concluded that by using scale factor, the relationship between HCV from Centrifuge Tests and Falling Head Permeability Tests could be known; thus, Centrifuge modeling could be developed as a valid method in determining the hydraulic conductivity of the soils.
Sains Malaysiana, Dec 31, 2016
Penyelidikan ini mengkaji tingkah laku cadmium (Cd) melalui tanah baki granit yang dipadatkan. Sa... more Penyelidikan ini mengkaji tingkah laku cadmium (Cd) melalui tanah baki granit yang dipadatkan. Sampel tanah baki granit telah diambil di kawasan Broga, Selangor dan dikaji menggunakan tiga kaedah ujian utama iaitu; ujian fizikal (taburan saiz butiran, had-had Atterberg, graviti tentu, pemadatan dan kebolehtelapan), ujian kimia (pH, bahan organik, luas permukaan spesifik (SSA) dan kadar pertukaran kation (CEC) serta ujian mini kolum turasan. Melalui ujian kolum turasan, konsep kebolehtelapan turus menurun digunakan yang melibatkan tiga faktor iaitu halaju/daya-G, ketebalan sampel dan jenis larutan yang digunakan. Graf lengkung bulus menunjukkan kepekatan Cd dalam tanah baki granit semakin meningkat dengan peningkatan halaju. Urutan kapasiti penjerapan semakin meningkat terhadap kadar putaran alat emparan/daya tarikan graviti (G); 230G>520G>920G>1440G. Pergerakan logam berat melalui tanah baki juga meningkat dengan peningkatan halaju/daya-G. Lengkung bulus juga menunjukkan pergerakan Cd secara songsang dengan ketebalan lapisan tanah di dalam kolum. Masa penembusan bagi ketebalan 20 mm juga lebih lama berbanding ketebalan 15 dan 10 mm. Manakala jumlah Cd yang terjerap oleh tanah baki granit dalam larutan campuran adalah rendah berbanding larutan tunggal (masa yang singkat untuk menembusi lengkung bulus). Tanah baki granit juga mempunyai kapasiti penampanan yang rendah (pH final = 4-7). Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pencirian fiziko-kimia dan sifat penjerapan tanah dengan menggunakan ujian mini kolum turasan mempunyai kaitan yang kuat untuk mencirikan tanah baki granit untuk dijadikan pelapik lempung tereka bentuk.
American journal of environmental sciences
Soil has long been utilized as low cost liner material to prevent contamination from leachate to ... more Soil has long been utilized as low cost liner material to prevent contamination from leachate to groundwater media. To find a suitable soil material for this purpose is a great challenge. This study describes the potential use of residual soil to functions as engineered clay liner for waste disposal landfill in Malaysia. Three types of residual soils were investigated namely marine clays (SBMC1, SBMC2), Residual Granites (BGR, KGR) and residual meta-sediments (BBMS1, BBMS2 and PMS). Physical and chemical tests were applied for both granitic soils to determine the physical and chemical properties of soil materials. Physical and chemical tests involved grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, pH, organic content, specific gravity, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and Specific Surface Area (SSA) as well as Batch Equilibrium Test for adsorption of heavy metals. The best potential soil materials for clay liner is the materials that have high pH value, high organic matter, high liquid and plastics limits, high CEC and SSA values. The best material also highly dominated with clay (in this case PKMC, SBMC1 and SBMC 2). Result show the range of pH values are from 6.95-8.36, range of organic content are from 4.35-6.41%, the specific conductivity values range from 2.13-2.34 and for liquid limit and plastic limit range are from 56.40-84 and 26.86-59.35% respectively; which is high to very high plasticity. Residual soils as low-cost adsorbent materials were also used for removal of Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions. Batch test was used and the effect of heavy metal concentration was studied. Results were analyzed using adsorption isotherm models (i.e., Linear, Langmuir and Freundlich). Based on the correlation coefficient (r2 values), most of residual soils fitted nicely to Linear, Langmuir and Freundlich models. For Ni, most soils fitted to Langmuir models except for meta-sediment while for Zn fitted to Linear model. Marine clay has the highest adsorption coefficient ranged between KL = 0.2380-0.9655 L kg −1 followed by granite and meta-sediment KL = 0.0031-0.0168 L kg −1 and KL = 0.0016-0.0075 L kg −1 respectively. While for Zn, marine clay also has the best adsorption coefficient ranged between Kd = 0.0453-0.1249 L kg −1 , followed by granite and meta-sediment ranged between Kd = 0.0027-0.0028 L kg −1 and Kd = 0.0012-0.0016 L kg −1. The selectivity sequence KL for Ni is SBMC2> SBMC1 > PKMC> BGR> PMS> KGR> BBMS2> BBMS1 while for Zn, the selectivity sequence of Kd is SBMC2> SBMC1> PKMC> BBMS1> BBMS2> PMS>BGR> KGR. The study concludes that marine clay is the best material for landfill clay liner due to suitable physical-chemical characteristics and also appeared to be the best natural adsorbent of Ni and Zn of metal concentration in solution.
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) associated with both active and abandoned mining operations related to s... more Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) associated with both active and abandoned mining operations related to sulfide minerals, oxidation of pyrite affording an acidic solution that contains toxic metal ions. Result shows that pH value of water in Kg. Aur, Chini and Sg. Lembing are acidic with value of 2.81, 4.16 and 3.60 respectively. Maximum concentrations of heavy metals in the study area are: Pb (0.2 mg/L), Cd (0.05 mg/L), Zn (5.1 mg/L), Cu (5.2 mg/L), Mn (10.9 mg/L), Cr (0.2 mg/L), Ni (0.2 mg/L), As (0.005 mg/L) and Fe (202.69 mg/L). Prediction of acid formation using acid-base calculations from all samples shows high potential acid production between 22.84-2500.16 kg CaCO 3 /tonne. The ratio of Neutralization (NP) with Acid Potential (APP) shows a very low value (ratio<1) Sg. Lembing (0.02), Chini (0.08), Selinsing (0.31) and Kg. Aur (0.81). Analysis from the tank experiment after 30 days shows pH of LFS, bentonite, activated carbon and zeolite change to 6.11, 3.91, 2.98 and 2.71 respectively. Three mine sites experiencing AMD are Kg. Aur, Chini and Sg. Lembing. Active neutralization treatment successfully shows LFS has great potential to control AMD based on their ability to neutralize the pH and remove heavy metals in the mine water. Meanwhile, the second adsorbent material is bentonite followed by activated carbon and zeolite.
American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2014
Soil has long been utilized as low cost liner material to prevent contamination from leachate to ... more Soil has long been utilized as low cost liner material to prevent contamination from leachate to groundwater media. To find a suitable soil material for this purpose is a great challenge. This study describes the potential use of residual soil to functions as engineered clay liner for waste disposal landfill in Malaysia. Three types of residual soils were investigated namely marine clays (SBMC1, SBMC2), Residual Granites (BGR, KGR) and residual meta-sediments (BBMS1, BBMS2 and PMS). Physical and chemical tests were applied for both granitic soils to determine the physical and chemical properties of soil materials. Physical and chemical tests involved grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, pH, organic content, specific gravity, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and Specific Surface Area (SSA) as well as Batch Equilibrium Test for adsorption of heavy metals. The best potential soil materials for clay liner is the materials that have high pH value, high organic matter, high liquid and plastics limits, high CEC and SSA values. The best material also highly dominated with clay (in this case PKMC, SBMC1 and SBMC 2). Result show the range of pH values are from 6.95-8.36, range of organic content are from 4.35-6.41%, the specific conductivity values range from 2.13-2.34 and for liquid limit and plastic limit range are from 56.40-84 and 26.86-59.35% respectively; which is high to very high plasticity. Residual soils as low-cost adsorbent materials were also used for removal of Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions. Batch test was used and the effect of heavy metal concentration was studied. Results were analyzed using adsorption isotherm models (i.e., Linear, Langmuir and Freundlich). Based on the correlation coefficient (r2 values), most of residual soils fitted nicely to Linear, Langmuir and Freundlich models. For Ni, most soils fitted to Langmuir models except for meta-sediment while for Zn fitted to Linear model. Marine clay has the highest adsorption coefficient ranged between KL = 0.2380-0.9655 L kg −1 followed by granite and meta-sediment KL = 0.0031-0.0168 L kg −1 and KL = 0.0016-0.0075 L kg −1 respectively. While for Zn, marine clay also has the best adsorption coefficient ranged between Kd = 0.0453-0.1249 L kg −1 , followed by granite and meta-sediment ranged between Kd = 0.0027-0.0028 L kg −1 and Kd = 0.0012-0.0016 L kg −1. The selectivity sequence KL for Ni is SBMC2> SBMC1 > PKMC> BGR> PMS> KGR> BBMS2> BBMS1 while for Zn, the selectivity sequence of Kd is SBMC2> SBMC1> PKMC> BBMS1> BBMS2> PMS>BGR> KGR. The study concludes that marine clay is the best material for landfill clay liner due to suitable physical-chemical characteristics and also appeared to be the best natural adsorbent of Ni and Zn of metal concentration in solution.
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Papers by nur aishah zarime