Papers by Ariany Zulkania
Materials Science Forum, 2021
The provision of carbon reducing agents for the direct reduction process of iron ore is carried o... more The provision of carbon reducing agents for the direct reduction process of iron ore is carried out by immersing the iron ore in a tar solution and then proceeding with the pyrolysis/ carbonization process to obtain carbon deposits on the surface of the iron ore. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characterization and reduction behavior of Fe compounds resulting from impregnation and carbonization processes. In this study, iron ore is immersed in the pine flower tar with immersion time varying from 0-12 hours and a fixed ratio of tar / ore 1: 1. The soaking mixture is then carbonized in a vertical tube reactor covered by furnace with N2 gas flowed during the carbonization/pyrolysis process. The carbonization runs with a temperature variation of 450-550°C, for 1 hour, and a heating rate of 10°C/min. From SEM-EDX-Mapping result shows that the immersion method in tar followed by carbonization caused the carbon content in iron ore to increase by 86.68% in a 1: 1 tar/ore ratio, the impregnating time of 6 hours, and a pyrolysis temperature of 450°C. Effect of impregnation duration evidence that immersion times of 6 and 12 hours are sufficient to produce the magnetite phase after the carbonization process. Furthermore, the 6 hours' duration provides a more optimal peak intensity. Meanwhile, the effect of temperature on the carbonization process shows that 450°C is the optimal temperature to obtain the magnetite phase in the carbonized ore.
Key Engineering Materials, Aug 1, 2018
In this work, high density polyethylene (HDPE)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber composites have been... more In this work, high density polyethylene (HDPE)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber composites have been fabricated via melt compounding by employing a twin-screw extruder. The resulted composites samples of four different PVA loadings (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 20 wt%) were then characterized via tensile test to investigate the effect of PVA loadings on their mechanical properties (i.e. modulus elasticity, tensile strength, toughness, and strain at break). Additionally, the surface morphologies of the composites (i.e. cryo-fractured and tensile fractured samples) were also studied by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrographs on the cryo-fractured sample showed that PVA fibers were perfectly embedded and well blended in HDPE matrix. Whereas, the SEM images of tensile-fractured samples showed that there was a fibrillation effect on the neat HDPE, while in the composites sample, there was an evident of broken fibers. Additionally, from the tensile test results, the modulus elasticity of the composites has increased by approximately 16, 39, and 81% (as compared to the neat HDPE) for PVAC-5, PVAC-10, and PVAC-20, respectively. Whereas, the toughness and strain at break of the composites have decreased.
Metals, Oct 13, 2021
Investigation into Biomass Tar-Based Carbon Deposits as Reduction Agents on Iron Ore Using the Ta... more Investigation into Biomass Tar-Based Carbon Deposits as Reduction Agents on Iron Ore Using the Tar Impregnation Method. Metals 2021,
Key Engineering Materials, Jul 1, 2018
In the recent years, the trend of using renewable source (green) fillers in the composites fabric... more In the recent years, the trend of using renewable source (green) fillers in the composites fabrication is increasing. One of these green fillers is natural fibers, which referred to the plant fibers, such as date palm fiber (DPF). In the present work, high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/DPF composites have been prepared. Four different DPF loadings were used (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 20 wt%) to prepare the composites. The effect of DPF loadings on the melt rheological behavior of the HDPE/DPF composites were studied. The melt rheological test results showed that both of storage modulus (Gʹ) and loss modulus (Gʺ) increased with the increase of DPF loadings. Additionally, the Han plot showed an upward shift from neat HDPE (i.e. DFC-0) to DFC-20, which indicated that the melt rheological properties changed with the increase of DPF loadings. The complex viscosity |h*| of the composites samples also increased with the increase of DPF loadings. The increased was more significant at higher DPF loadings (i.e. DFC-20). Meanwhile, the Carreau-Yasuda model was found to be well fitted with the experimental data.
Natural zeolite is an inorganic mineral which is abundant in Indonesia. Its use is quite broad as... more Natural zeolite is an inorganic mineral which is abundant in Indonesia. Its use is quite broad as an ion exchanger, adsorbent, dryer, air softener, filtering, catalyst and catalyst developer in the reaction. The zeolite process by removing air and impurity oxides that cover the surface of the zeolite. This study aims to re-study the activation and concentration of acid to the nature of active zeolites. HCl concentrations were 2, 4 and 6 N, while activation time was 4, 6 and 8 hours. Characteristics of active zeolites studied include pH, ash content, air content, ability to adsorb methyle blue and FT-IR. After the process of soaking natural zeolites with each combination of concentration and activation time, it was found that the pH value was between 4-6, ash content between 10%-30%, air content between 12.5%-25%, and the concentration of blue methyle adsorbed between 219.83 mg / gr-249.59 mg / gr. From the results it appears that the active natural zeolite is obtained from 6 N HCl concentration and 6 hours activation time has the performance according to the adsorbent requirements, where the ash content value is 10%, 12.5% moisture content, adsorbed blue metallic 249.59 mg / gr. Cluster functions that can be analyzed in FT-IR are O-H (Carboxylic Acid Monomer), C = C (Alkene), CO (Carboxylic Acid) and C-H (Aromatic Ring).
Materials Science Forum, May 1, 2021
The provision of carbon reducing agents for the direct reduction process of iron ore is carried o... more The provision of carbon reducing agents for the direct reduction process of iron ore is carried out by immersing the iron ore in a tar solution and then proceeding with the pyrolysis/ carbonization process to obtain carbon deposits on the surface of the iron ore. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characterization and reduction behavior of Fe compounds resulting from impregnation and carbonization processes. In this study, iron ore is immersed in the pine flower tar with immersion time varying from 0 - 12 hours and a fixed ratio of tar / ore 1: 1. The soaking mixture is then carbonized in a vertical tube reactor covered by furnace with N2 gas flowed during the carbonization/pyrolysis process. The carbonization runs with a temperature variation of 450-550°C, for 1 hour, and a heating rate of 10°C/min. From SEM-EDX-Mapping result shows that the immersion method in tar followed by carbonization caused the carbon content in iron ore to increase by 86.68% in a 1: 1 tar/ore ratio, the impregnating time of 6 hours, and a pyrolysis temperature of 450°C. Effect of impregnation duration evidence that immersion times of 6 and 12 hours are sufficient to produce the magnetite phase after the carbonization process. Furthermore, the 6 hours’ duration provides a more optimal peak intensity. Meanwhile, the effect of temperature on the carbonization process shows that 450°C is the optimal temperature to obtain the magnetite phase in the carbonized ore.
IOP conference series, Jun 13, 2019
One of the ester product of glycerol and acetic acid is triacetin which has wide industrial aplic... more One of the ester product of glycerol and acetic acid is triacetin which has wide industrial aplication. In this study the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid over Lewatite catalyst to produce triacetin, were carried out. Lewatite is one of ion exchange resin, the use of ion exchange resins as catalyst will not produce waste, not corrosive, high thermal stability and has good selectivity. The esterification reaction of glycerol with acetic acid were performed in a three-neck flask with stirrer (175 rpm) at temperature (90 o C, 100 o C and 110 o C) and atmosphere pressure. A 9.66 % selectivity of triacetin with conversion (77.4 %) was achieved at 100 o C within 90 minutes of reaction time. This research aimed to report experimental data and kinetic modeling of glycerol esterification with acetic acid to evaluate and compare model performance and capability. A kinetic model was developed using a first order pseudohomogeneous model according to the experimental data. The surface reaction of acetic acid with glycerol was assumed to be rate-controlling. The effect of temperature to rate of reaction constants can be expressed as follows:
IOP conference series, Dec 31, 2018
Increased human populations induce enhanced developments in industry, transportation, infrastruct... more Increased human populations induce enhanced developments in industry, transportation, infrastructure and other areas. To date, the energy needed to supply these areas is still mainly derived from fossil fuels. Renewable fuels become an attractive alternative for replacing fossil fuels that are being on the skids. Bio oil is one of the alternative energy sources resulting from biomass pyrolysis process. The purpose of this study is to obtain the bio oil characteristics of Pinus Merkusii flower in vary of temperatures and sizes of biomass powder, those were temperatures of 450-550 o C and sizes of 0.644 mm and 0.456 mm. Dry pine flower powder was inserted into a fixed bed reactor enclosed by furnace. Prior heating, the N2 gas was flown through the reactor to dissipate the O2 gas present in the reactor. After the N2 gas stream was stopped, the reactor was run in isolated condition. Pyrolysis run at heating rate of 15 o C/min and residence time for 3 hours. From the existing variations, the largest bio oil yield i.e. 45.2011% was obtained from the sample size of 0.644 mm at temperature of 550 o C. The resulting bio-oil had the following properties: dark brown, pH of 2.682-4.053; density of 1.01-1.145 gr.cm-3 ; viscosity of 58.544-103.465 mm 2. s-1 ; acetic acid content of 21-49.2 mg.cm-3 and the heating value of 10.850-11.663 MJ.kg-1. The bio oil was potential to be biofuel and biochemical materials through upgrading process.
Emulsion can become very important in all stages in petroleum recovery and processing industry su... more Emulsion can become very important in all stages in petroleum recovery and processing industry such as drilling, completion, and production of hydrocarbon reservoir, Knowledge of the characteristics of the crude oil and oilfield brine that contributes to the formation of stable emulsion is therefore important. In this study, both chemical and physicochemical properties of different crude oils and oilfield brines from the East Coast of Malaysia were investigated. The crude oils from six different oilfields have been characterized for density, viscosity, surface tension, and interfacial tension. In most cases, the crude oil emulsions are characterized by high amount of saturated hydrocarbon, a varying amount of waxes (8 -15%), and a low content of asphaltene (0 - 14%). It was found that n-paraffin with carbon number between 6 to 20 are generally content in most of crude oil emulsion samples. There is a correlation between the crude oil emulsion viscosity and the waxes content of the c...
MATEC web of conferences, 2018
Activated carbon from bio-char waste of bio oil pyrolysis of mixed sugarcane bagasse and Rambutan... more Activated carbon from bio-char waste of bio oil pyrolysis of mixed sugarcane bagasse and Rambutan twigs was investigated. Bio-char as by-product of bio-oil pyrolysis has potential to be good adsorbed by activating process. Bio-chars waste was activated in fixed bed reactor inside furnace without presenting oxygen. Gas N2 and CO2 were employed to drive out oxygen from the reactor and as activator, respectively. One of the best activation treatments is achieved by performing activation in different temperature and time to produce standard activated carbon. The experiment was performed at different temperatures and activation time, i.e. 800, 850, and 900 C and 80 and 120 minutes, respectively, to determine the optimal operating condition. Activated carbon was characterized by analysis of moisture content, ash content pH, and methylene blue test. The results showed that optimum activation was at 850C and 80 minute, where activated carbon produced indicated the best adsorption capacity. The ash content and pH had significant role in resulting good activated carbon.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Increased human populations induce enhanced developments in industry, transportation, infrastruct... more Increased human populations induce enhanced developments in industry, transportation, infrastructure and other areas. To date, the energy needed to supply these areas is still mainly derived from fossil fuels. Renewable fuels become an attractive alternative for replacing fossil fuels that are being on the skids. Bio oil is one of the alternative energy sources resulting from biomass pyrolysis process. The purpose of this study is to obtain the bio oil characteristics of Pinus Merkusii flower in vary of temperatures and sizes of biomass powder, those were temperatures of 450-550 o C and sizes of 0.644 mm and 0.456 mm. Dry pine flower powder was inserted into a fixed bed reactor enclosed by furnace. Prior heating, the N2 gas was flown through the reactor to dissipate the O2 gas present in the reactor. After the N2 gas stream was stopped, the reactor was run in isolated condition. Pyrolysis run at heating rate of 15 o C/min and residence time for 3 hours. From the existing variations, the largest bio oil yield i.e. 45.2011% was obtained from the sample size of 0.644 mm at temperature of 550 o C. The resulting bio-oil had the following properties: dark brown, pH of 2.682-4.053; density of 1.01-1.145 gr.cm-3 ; viscosity of 58.544-103.465 mm 2. s-1 ; acetic acid content of 21-49.2 mg.cm-3 and the heating value of 10.850-11.663 MJ.kg-1. The bio oil was potential to be biofuel and biochemical materials through upgrading process.
Advances in Science and Technology, Jan 10, 2023
MATEC Web of Conferences
Activated carbon from bio-char waste of bio oil pyrolysis of mixed sugarcane bagasse and Rambutan... more Activated carbon from bio-char waste of bio oil pyrolysis of mixed sugarcane bagasse and Rambutan twigs was investigated. Bio-char as by-product of bio-oil pyrolysis has potential to be good adsorbed by activating process. Bio-chars waste was activated in fixed bed reactor inside furnace without presenting oxygen. Gas N2 and CO2 were employed to drive out oxygen from the reactor and as activator, respectively. One of the best activation treatments is achieved by performing activation in different temperature and time to produce standard activated carbon. The experiment was performed at different temperatures and activation time, i.e. 800, 850, and 900° C and 80 and 120 minutes, respectively, to determine the optimal operating condition. Activated carbon was characterized by analysis of moisture content, ash content pH, and methylene blue test. The results showed that optimum activation was at 850°C and 80 minute, where activated carbon produced indicated the best adsorption capacity...
Materials Science Forum, 2022
Using bio oil derived from biomass pyrolysis as an alternative fuel continues to be encouraged in... more Using bio oil derived from biomass pyrolysis as an alternative fuel continues to be encouraged in order to decrease the utilization of fossil fuels. On the other hand, application of iron ore as a catalyst in the biomass pyrolysis process provides an advantage where there is a mutual effect on the reduction process of iron ore. The objective of the study is to probe the influence of temperature and catalyst concentration to the pyrolysis yields, the characterization of bio-oil gained, and additionally, phase and composition change of the iron ore. This research utilized palm kernel shells as biomass and raw iron ore as catalyst. The experiment was performed at different temperatures (450, 500, and 550oC) and different catalyst concentrations (0, 10, and 15 % of mass). The biomass was located in the lower part of the reactor and the catalyst was positioned on the upper side of the biomass being separated by using a thick layer of glass wool. The pyrolysis process was implemented by d...
Khazanah: Jurnal Mahasiswa, 2018
Puntung rokok merupakan limbah yang banyak terdapat di lingkungan. Menurut studi laboratorium, da... more Puntung rokok merupakan limbah yang banyak terdapat di lingkungan. Menurut studi laboratorium, dalam rokok terdapat bahan-bahan kimia berbahaya dan logam berat yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Kandungan kimia pada rokok yang sudah teridentifikasi jumlahnya mencapai 2.500 komponen. Dari jumlah tersebut sekitar 1.100 komponen diturunkan menjadi komponen asap secara langsung dan 1.400 lainnya mengalami dekomposisi atau terpecah, bereaksi dengan komponen lain dan membentuk komponen baru. Sedangkan kandungan kimia dalam asap rokok jumlahnya mencapai 4.800 komponen. Dari berbagai kandungan-kandungan zat yang ada dalam asap rokok yang tidak lolos filter Cambridge, di dalamnya terdapat senyawa aseton sebanyak 100-650 µg per batang rokok yang berpotensi untuk disintesis sehingga dapat menghasilkan suatu produk yang bermanfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan aseton dalam limbah puntung rokok dengan variabel suhu dan perbandingan katalis dengan tembakau. Limbah puntung rok...
Key Engineering Materials, 2020
In this study, two types of adsorbent including activated carbon and bio-sorbent were produced fr... more In this study, two types of adsorbent including activated carbon and bio-sorbent were produced from Palm fiber wastes (PFW), which were activated by phosphoric acid. The influence of adsorbent type and phosphoric acid concentration on methylene blue adsorption was investigated. The most optimum adsorbent was determined based on adsorption capacity and removal percentage of each adsorbent. The result shows that 9.984 mg/g of adsorption capacity and 99.84% of removal percentage were achieved in 90 minutes’ adsorption, which demonstrates the huge potential of bio-sorbent and was chosen to be the most optimum adsorbent based on methylene blue removal. The characterization of bio-sorbent was then investigated using FTIR and SEM. FTIR result shows that bio-sorbent contains cellulose which affected the adsorption process while SEM result shows the cleaner pores and surface compared to bio-sorbent before activation.
Materials Science Forum, 2021
With rapid industrial development, the water pollution due to industrial wastewater discharge als... more With rapid industrial development, the water pollution due to industrial wastewater discharge also increases. Wastewater containing heavy metals such as Lead (Pb(II)) has been one of the serious global issues. It is because lead has a high level of toxicity and very harmful to the environment as well as human body even at low level of concentration. One of the emerging methods for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution is called biosorption. It is adsorption process using biomass-based adsorbent or can be called biosorbent. One of biomass material that can be used for the biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) is Kapok wood sawdust. In this study, biosorbent based Kapok sawdust has been successfully prepared. The effects of pH and contact time on the adsorption performance of the biosorbent have been studied. The adsorption tests were carried out with variations in pH 4, 5, 6, and 7 and with variations in contact time of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The amout of Pb(II) adsorbed was analyzed u...
Materials Science Forum, 2021
The provision of carbon reducing agents for the direct reduction process of iron ore is carried o... more The provision of carbon reducing agents for the direct reduction process of iron ore is carried out by immersing the iron ore in a tar solution and then proceeding with the pyrolysis/ carbonization process to obtain carbon deposits on the surface of the iron ore. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characterization and reduction behavior of Fe compounds resulting from impregnation and carbonization processes. In this study, iron ore is immersed in the pine flower tar with immersion time varying from 0 - 12 hours and a fixed ratio of tar / ore 1: 1. The soaking mixture is then carbonized in a vertical tube reactor covered by furnace with N2 gas flowed during the carbonization/pyrolysis process. The carbonization runs with a temperature variation of 450-550°C, for 1 hour, and a heating rate of 10°C/min. From SEM-EDX-Mapping result shows that the immersion method in tar followed by carbonization caused the carbon content in iron ore to increase by 86.68% in a 1: 1 tar/ore r...
Uploads
Papers by Ariany Zulkania