Attitudes toward lesbians and gays vary across national populations, and previous research has fo... more Attitudes toward lesbians and gays vary across national populations, and previous research has found relatively more accepting attitudes in the Netherlands as compared to the United States. In this study, we compared beliefs about and attitudes toward lesbians and gays in samples of Dutch and American heterosexual adolescents, utilizing survey data from 1,080 American adolescents (mean age = 15.86 years) attending two schools and from 1,391 Dutch adolescents (mean age = 16.27 years) attending eight schools. Findings indicated the Dutch participants were more tolerant of lesbians and gays, after adjusting for the gender, age, and racial/ethnic minority status of the participants. However, between-country differences were attenuated by accounting for the beliefs about lesbians and gays that participants used to justify their attitudes. American participants were more likely to justify their attitudes using beliefs related to social norms and religious opposition, while the Dutch parti...
International Perspectives on Youth Conflict and Development, 2006
This chapter reviews literature on the rates and impact of harassment and violence against gay an... more This chapter reviews literature on the rates and impact of harassment and violence against gay and lesbian youth in schools across several contexts as a foundation for proposing a new theoretical framework for understanding how high school-aged youth understand sexual identity. ...
Ninth- and 11th-grade students (N = 379) were surveyed regarding their evaluations of excluding s... more Ninth- and 11th-grade students (N = 379) were surveyed regarding their evaluations of excluding someone from a social group solely on the basis of his or her social reference group membership. Individuals evaluated exclusion in ambiguous and nonambiguous situations. Judgments and reasoning about exclusion were compared with judgments and reasoning about a more prototypically moral situation (denial of resources). Overall,
Research suggests that school experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning... more Research suggests that school experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth are overwhelmingly negative and that anti-LGBTQ violence and victimization in school lead to both acute and chronic negative developmental outcomes for these youth. The counseling psychology profession is uniquely situated to address and ameliorate these negative environments by providing training and support to school counselors on LGBT youth and prevention education.
ABSTRACT Previous research focused on sexual prejudice has shown that lesbian and gay adolescents... more ABSTRACT Previous research focused on sexual prejudice has shown that lesbian and gay adolescents are at greater risk of peer harassment and victimization than their straight counterparts. Peer victimization such as exclusion, however, may also be related to conventional expectations adolescents hold about their social environment. This study examined adolescents’ (N = 1069) attitudes and reasoning about the exclusion of peers based on sexual orientation and gender nonconformity. Results indicate that although participants reported it was more acceptable to exclude their gay or lesbian, as opposed to straight, peers, gender nonconformity was also a distinguishing factor. Whereas mannerism and activity nonconforming gay targets were rated less positively than similarly nonconforming straight targets, straight appearance nonconforming targets were not evaluated differently than gay appearance nonconforming targets. Further, the types of reasoning adolescents used to justify their exclusion judgments varied by sexual orientation and gender nonconformity of the target.
Attitudes toward lesbians and gays vary across national populations, and previous research has fo... more Attitudes toward lesbians and gays vary across national populations, and previous research has found relatively more accepting attitudes in the Netherlands as compared to the United States. In this study, we compared beliefs about and attitudes toward lesbians and gays in samples of Dutch and American heterosexual adolescents, utilizing survey data from 1,080 American adolescents (mean age = 15.86 years) attending two schools and from 1,391 Dutch adolescents (mean age = 16.27 years) attending eight schools. Findings indicated the Dutch participants were more tolerant of lesbians and gays, after adjusting for the gender, age, and racial/ethnic minority status of the participants. However, between-country differences were attenuated by accounting for the beliefs about lesbians and gays that participants used to justify their attitudes. American participants were more likely to justify their attitudes using beliefs related to social norms and religious opposition, while the Dutch participants were more likely to justify their attitudes using beliefs related to individual rights and the biological/genetic basis of homosexuality. The results suggest that the relative importance of particular beliefs about lesbians and gays to attitudes at the group level may be context dependent but also that certain beliefs are salient to attitudes across national contexts.
Research suggests that school experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning... more Research suggests that school experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth are overwhelmingly negative and that anti-LGBTQ violence and victimization in school lead to both acute and chronic negative developmental outcomes for these youth. The counseling psychology profession is uniquely situated to address and ameliorate these negative environments by providing training and support to school counselors on LGBT youth and prevention education.
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2006
... International Journal of Behavioral Development Stacey S. Horn ... Interestingly, even though... more ... International Journal of Behavioral Development Stacey S. Horn ... Interestingly, even though the peer system in adolescence is highly stratified (Brown, Mory, & Kinney, 1994; Eckert, 1989; Youniss, McLellan, & Strouse, 1994), none of the research on adolescents' reasoning ...
ABSTRACT In the past few years, the media and the popular press have inundated us with messages t... more ABSTRACT In the past few years, the media and the popular press have inundated us with messages that a particular kind of aggression, aggression that causes harm to a persons’ social standing or relationships, is on the rise; particularly among girls. These portrayals of social or relational aggression in the popular media paint a picture of girls as gossiping, back‐biting and manipulative, and try to make the case that this type of aggression is inherently female in nature. Is this really the case, however? Are social and relational aggression particular only to girls, and if so, why? Marion K. Underwood’s book, Social Aggression among Girls, does an excellent job of answering these and many other questions regarding the ways in which girls express their anger and aggression. While the focus of the book is on girls and social aggression, defined by Underwood as ‘behavior directed toward harming another’s friendships, social status, or self‐esteem’ [Galen & Underwood, 1997, as cited in Underwood, 2003, p. 5], Underwood provides an overview and review of literature regarding all types of aggression (social, relational, indirect, verbal, and physical) not only in girls but boys as well. This book should appeal to both scholars and practitioners interested in peer relationships, peer harassment, aggression, and/or girls’ development.
Attitudes toward lesbians and gays vary across national populations, and previous research has fo... more Attitudes toward lesbians and gays vary across national populations, and previous research has found relatively more accepting attitudes in the Netherlands as compared to the United States. In this study, we compared beliefs about and attitudes toward lesbians and gays in samples of Dutch and American heterosexual adolescents, utilizing survey data from 1,080 American adolescents (mean age = 15.86 years) attending two schools and from 1,391 Dutch adolescents (mean age = 16.27 years) attending eight schools. Findings indicated the Dutch participants were more tolerant of lesbians and gays, after adjusting for the gender, age, and racial/ethnic minority status of the participants. However, between-country differences were attenuated by accounting for the beliefs about lesbians and gays that participants used to justify their attitudes. American participants were more likely to justify their attitudes using beliefs related to social norms and religious opposition, while the Dutch parti...
International Perspectives on Youth Conflict and Development, 2006
This chapter reviews literature on the rates and impact of harassment and violence against gay an... more This chapter reviews literature on the rates and impact of harassment and violence against gay and lesbian youth in schools across several contexts as a foundation for proposing a new theoretical framework for understanding how high school-aged youth understand sexual identity. ...
Ninth- and 11th-grade students (N = 379) were surveyed regarding their evaluations of excluding s... more Ninth- and 11th-grade students (N = 379) were surveyed regarding their evaluations of excluding someone from a social group solely on the basis of his or her social reference group membership. Individuals evaluated exclusion in ambiguous and nonambiguous situations. Judgments and reasoning about exclusion were compared with judgments and reasoning about a more prototypically moral situation (denial of resources). Overall,
Research suggests that school experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning... more Research suggests that school experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth are overwhelmingly negative and that anti-LGBTQ violence and victimization in school lead to both acute and chronic negative developmental outcomes for these youth. The counseling psychology profession is uniquely situated to address and ameliorate these negative environments by providing training and support to school counselors on LGBT youth and prevention education.
ABSTRACT Previous research focused on sexual prejudice has shown that lesbian and gay adolescents... more ABSTRACT Previous research focused on sexual prejudice has shown that lesbian and gay adolescents are at greater risk of peer harassment and victimization than their straight counterparts. Peer victimization such as exclusion, however, may also be related to conventional expectations adolescents hold about their social environment. This study examined adolescents’ (N = 1069) attitudes and reasoning about the exclusion of peers based on sexual orientation and gender nonconformity. Results indicate that although participants reported it was more acceptable to exclude their gay or lesbian, as opposed to straight, peers, gender nonconformity was also a distinguishing factor. Whereas mannerism and activity nonconforming gay targets were rated less positively than similarly nonconforming straight targets, straight appearance nonconforming targets were not evaluated differently than gay appearance nonconforming targets. Further, the types of reasoning adolescents used to justify their exclusion judgments varied by sexual orientation and gender nonconformity of the target.
Attitudes toward lesbians and gays vary across national populations, and previous research has fo... more Attitudes toward lesbians and gays vary across national populations, and previous research has found relatively more accepting attitudes in the Netherlands as compared to the United States. In this study, we compared beliefs about and attitudes toward lesbians and gays in samples of Dutch and American heterosexual adolescents, utilizing survey data from 1,080 American adolescents (mean age = 15.86 years) attending two schools and from 1,391 Dutch adolescents (mean age = 16.27 years) attending eight schools. Findings indicated the Dutch participants were more tolerant of lesbians and gays, after adjusting for the gender, age, and racial/ethnic minority status of the participants. However, between-country differences were attenuated by accounting for the beliefs about lesbians and gays that participants used to justify their attitudes. American participants were more likely to justify their attitudes using beliefs related to social norms and religious opposition, while the Dutch participants were more likely to justify their attitudes using beliefs related to individual rights and the biological/genetic basis of homosexuality. The results suggest that the relative importance of particular beliefs about lesbians and gays to attitudes at the group level may be context dependent but also that certain beliefs are salient to attitudes across national contexts.
Research suggests that school experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning... more Research suggests that school experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth are overwhelmingly negative and that anti-LGBTQ violence and victimization in school lead to both acute and chronic negative developmental outcomes for these youth. The counseling psychology profession is uniquely situated to address and ameliorate these negative environments by providing training and support to school counselors on LGBT youth and prevention education.
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2006
... International Journal of Behavioral Development Stacey S. Horn ... Interestingly, even though... more ... International Journal of Behavioral Development Stacey S. Horn ... Interestingly, even though the peer system in adolescence is highly stratified (Brown, Mory, & Kinney, 1994; Eckert, 1989; Youniss, McLellan, & Strouse, 1994), none of the research on adolescents' reasoning ...
ABSTRACT In the past few years, the media and the popular press have inundated us with messages t... more ABSTRACT In the past few years, the media and the popular press have inundated us with messages that a particular kind of aggression, aggression that causes harm to a persons’ social standing or relationships, is on the rise; particularly among girls. These portrayals of social or relational aggression in the popular media paint a picture of girls as gossiping, back‐biting and manipulative, and try to make the case that this type of aggression is inherently female in nature. Is this really the case, however? Are social and relational aggression particular only to girls, and if so, why? Marion K. Underwood’s book, Social Aggression among Girls, does an excellent job of answering these and many other questions regarding the ways in which girls express their anger and aggression. While the focus of the book is on girls and social aggression, defined by Underwood as ‘behavior directed toward harming another’s friendships, social status, or self‐esteem’ [Galen & Underwood, 1997, as cited in Underwood, 2003, p. 5], Underwood provides an overview and review of literature regarding all types of aggression (social, relational, indirect, verbal, and physical) not only in girls but boys as well. This book should appeal to both scholars and practitioners interested in peer relationships, peer harassment, aggression, and/or girls’ development.
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