Abstract This study presents the first high-resolution speleothem-based hydrological reconstructi... more Abstract This study presents the first high-resolution speleothem-based hydrological reconstruction for much of the last 2.7 kyr in the central-western Mediterranean. The paleohydrological information comes from a combination of five U-Th dated stalagmites from two Mallorca island caves. Interpretations are based on high-resolution records of δ18O, δ13C and trace element analyses combined with information from mineralogical X-ray diffraction, fabrics and morphological features, and cave monitoring data. None of the studied stalagmites cover the whole 2.7 kyr period but they provide sufficient overlap to replicate most of the discussed climatic intervals with the exception of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), which is represented by a hiatus. Taking into account the results of five years farmed calcite collected in glass plates and cave environmental parameters, we argue that main patterns in the stalagmite geochemical records are mostly controlled by changing rates of prior calcite precipitation (PCP) that respond to hydrological changes in the region. We apply a principal component analysis to the stalagmite geochemical data set and a composite δ18O record to obtain a robust regional hydrological record. This record supports wet conditions for the early Roman Period (RP), the first half of the Early Middle Ages (EMA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA), and drier conditions for the late RP, the late EMA and the entire MCA. These results are discussed in the context of other climatic and oceanographic records from the region including paleo North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) records. This ocean-atmosphere approach suggests complex non-stationary climate patterns for the last 2.7 kyr, including the occurrence of both wet-warm and wet-cold intervals and underlying the complex interaction of factors controlling climate evolution in the region. Overall, positive (negative) NAO phases appear coincident with drier (wetter) conditions for all the examined period at decadal time-scales.
Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears, 1982
constituído por una uniad carbonatada, situada sobre una importante superfície de erosión que afe... more constituído por una uniad carbonatada, situada sobre una importante superfície de erosión que afecta al complejo arrecifal de edad Tortoniense-Messiniense. Esta unidad se halla integrada por cuatro secuencias deposicionales (FORNOS, 1983). La secuencia deposicional inferior corresponde a un complejo de manglar compuesto por cuatro niveles: a) nivel de calcarenitas con bioturbación vertical, b) niveles de fango carbonatado con bioturbación, c) niveles calcareníticos bioclasticos y d) niveles de arcillas verdes con cantos ennegrecidos. La diferente superposición de los niveles que integran este complejo permite inferir la evolución paleogeográfica del Complejo de Manglar. Este presenta un carcter expansivo con secuencias regresivas por progradación lateral, dentro de una secuencia general trangresiva. ABSTRACT. The Terminal Miocene is build•up in Mallorca (Balearic islands) by a Carbonate Unit. This unit overlie an erosive surface afecting the Recifal Complex deposits (Tortonian-Messinian age) by four levels that are interpreted as a Mangroove Complexo This levels are: a) level of vertical bioturbated calcarenites, b) level of bioturbated carbonate mud, c) level of bioclastic calcarenites, and d) level of green clays with black-pebbles. Several depositional sequences of this levels are described and interpreted. The paleogeography of the Mangroove Complex shows an expanssive character wih regressive sequences (made by lateral progradation) in a general transgressive suite. brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert
Aeolian-alluvial sedimentary interaction results in the formation of deposits characterized by ty... more Aeolian-alluvial sedimentary interaction results in the formation of deposits characterized by typical alluvial sedimentary structures, but is composed of conspicuous amounts of aeolian sediments. The literature on this topic is limited and most works relate more with continental aeolian dunes or fluvial dune interference with fan bodies. Furthermore, there is a lack of examples of aeolian-alluvial sedimentary interference in coastal settings. In the western Mediterranean, there are many Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits built up partly by sediment originating from coastal dunes dismantled by alluvial streams. Very often, these deposits show a continuous sedimentary sequence through which we can derive the contribution and predominance of coastal, alluvial-colluvial and aeolian processes and their controls on landscape formation. This is an outstanding feature within coastal systems since it shows marine sediments reworked and integrated within coastal dune fields by aeolian transport, and the latter built up into alluvial fan bodies. In this sense, aeolian-alluvial interaction is the geomorphic-sedimentary expression of the coexistence and overlapping of alluvial and aeolian environments resulting in deposits sharing sedimentary features from both environments. The aim of this paper is to unravel the contribution of coastal dunes in the construction of alluvial fans bodies and identify the main sedimentary facies that constitute these deposits, as well as their climatic controls. For this reason, Es Caló fan (northern Mallorca) has been selected due to its well-exposed deposits exhibiting the alternation of aeolian, alluvial and colluvial deposits. Sedimentological and stratigraphic analyses based on 33 logs and complementary analyses demonstrate that most of the facies constituting the fan body are made up completely of marine bioclastic sands. These deposits record an alluvial fan sedimentary environment characterized by sediments
Along the eastern coast of Mallorca, many littoral caves partly filled with brackish waters occur... more Along the eastern coast of Mallorca, many littoral caves partly filled with brackish waters occur. The most peculiar aspect of these caves is the presence of abundant phreatic overgrowths formed on pre-existing supports located at the underground pools' water table, which corresponds to the present sea level. Besides a specific geomorphological interest, these subaqueous speleothems provide an excellent record of Quaternary sea level stands. The clear relation between phreatic speleothem growth and the contemporary sea level allows the control of the tectonic evolution of an area, by comparing speleothems' ages and heights with the regionally established eustatic curves. In the studied region different altimetric positions of coeval phreatic speleothems suggest the existence of a recent tectonic activity. The characteristics and chronology of this tectonic event are the objectives of this paper, pointing out at the same time the potential of phreatic speleothems in structural geology investigations. Along the coastline of the studied area, alignments of phreatic speleothems attributed to high sea stands 5a, 5c and 5e are recorded at increasing elevations northwards. This is an evidence of a significant tectonic tilting that took place, at least partially, after substage 5a because phreatic speleothems of this substage are now located at different altitudes. Considering that tectonic tilting has been continuous from post-substage 5a (approximately 85 ka) until now, and that normal displacement is approximately of 1.5 m, the average minimum velocity of the tilting can be estimated about 0.02 mm/year in the southern part with respect to the north end. Data obtained from phreatic speleothems have been compared with other regional, stratigraphical, geomorphological and tectonic evidence that all together point to the same existence of the postulated tectonic tilting. Consequently, phreatic speleothem investigation results in a new method that allows the quantification of average velocities of tilting as well as other tectonic movements with high precision. This methodology can be extended to any littoral karstic landscape where phreatic speleothems are present.
ABSTRACT del Valle, L.; Fornós, J.J.; Pomar, F., and Gómez-Pujol, L., 2020. Persistence, spatial ... more ABSTRACT del Valle, L.; Fornós, J.J.; Pomar, F., and Gómez-Pujol, L., 2020. Persistence, spatial variability and transport of anthropogenic coal particles from old power plants in the nearshore sediment. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 1406-1410. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This study addresses the persistence and dynamics of unburned coal fragments, within coastal sediments at the Bay of Palma (Mallorca, Western Mediterranean) for the period 1990 – 2010. This coal fragments relate to two coastal power plants in operation from 1859 to 1968. Two sediment-sampling campaigns have been developed; one in 1990 and another in 2010. Sedimentological and composition analyses show that local nearshore sediments consist of well-sorted medium to fine bioclastic sands, reaching 70% of the sediment budget. Nevertheless, almost 3.7% of the coastal sediments are coal fragments. The comparison of sediment properties for 1990 and 2010 survey samplings, show that the presence of coal fragments in nearshore sediment has increased from 2.9% to 3.7% due to re-working and fragmentation of original coal grains by alongshore currents and waves action. Spatial distribution of coal reports a south-eastwards transport that coincides with the main coastal current direction along the bay.
Carbonate rocks are omnipresent in the case of the Balearic archipelago. This fact, together with... more Carbonate rocks are omnipresent in the case of the Balearic archipelago. This fact, together with an appropriate climatology, implies that karstic processes are the main responsible for the landscape development as well as the littoral shaping. The special geomorphological and hydrologic conditions of this area, along with sea-level, ecology, or paleoclimate, provokes a littoral complex interaction that give rise to a characteristic coastline. The objective of the present paper deals with the brief description of all related aspects of the endokarstic processes that affect the littoral fringe and summarizing their effects in the morphologic development of the coastline.
Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears, 2011
L’exploracio i documentacio de cavitats litorals al Migjorn de Mallorca, moltes d’elles amb impor... more L’exploracio i documentacio de cavitats litorals al Migjorn de Mallorca, moltes d’elles amb importants continuacions subaquatiques, posen de manifest la possible relacio genetica i hidrologica entre les cales i l’endocarst. La presencia de cavitats carstiques que son capturades per l’erosio marina i posteriorment desmantellades progressivament constitueix un factor mes a tenir en compte. Molts dels “dolcos”, nom popular de les surgencies submarines, provenen de cavitats carstiques que drenen i interactuen hidrologicament amb la mar. Aquestes cavitats litorals en certa manera constitueixen una prolongacio de la mar terra endins i constitueixen una part fonamental del patrimoni natural de Mallorca.
Phreatic overgrowths on speleothems form at the surface of brackish pools which are present in ma... more Phreatic overgrowths on speleothems form at the surface of brackish pools which are present in many coastal caves of Mallorca (Spain). Unlike common vadose speleothems formed in subaerial environments, their occurrence directly identi"es the height of the sea level at the time of the carbonate deposition, because such pools are physically connected with the sea. These deposits from the Late Pleistocene have recorded the same global variations in oxygen isotopes as planktonic and benthonic foraminifera, corals and cave deposits. A number of phreatic overgrowths on speleothems have been dated using the Th/U method in order to determine the position of the sea level during Late Quaternary. The same samples, as well as some subaerial speleothems, have been analysed for O/O and C/C ratios. The former samples allow the analysis of variations in sea water component in the brackish pools associated with glacio-eustatic Mediterranean #uctuations, and the latter permit inferences concerning past continental climate changes. Some high sea-stands have been recognized in correspondence with Oxygen Isotope Stages (OIS): 9 or older, 7, 5e, 5c and 5a. Phreatic overgrowths on speleothems have also been formed during a colder phase (OIS 4), demonstrating that also in that period there were environmental conditions favourable for this kind of carbonate precipitation. Vadose crystallizations have recorded a cold period at 36 ka, corresponding with the end of OIS 3.
Capitulo en: Angel Gines, Joaquin Gines, Lluis Gomez-Pujol, Bogdan P. Onac, Joan J. Fornos (eds.)... more Capitulo en: Angel Gines, Joaquin Gines, Lluis Gomez-Pujol, Bogdan P. Onac, Joan J. Fornos (eds.). Mallorca: a Mediterranean Benchmark for Quaternary Studies. Palma de Mallorca: Societat d'Historia Natural de les Balears, 2012, p.13-53 (Monografies de la Societat d'Historia Natural de les Balears ; 18. ISSN 1696-5426). ISBN 978-84-615-7918-1
Abstract This study presents the first high-resolution speleothem-based hydrological reconstructi... more Abstract This study presents the first high-resolution speleothem-based hydrological reconstruction for much of the last 2.7 kyr in the central-western Mediterranean. The paleohydrological information comes from a combination of five U-Th dated stalagmites from two Mallorca island caves. Interpretations are based on high-resolution records of δ18O, δ13C and trace element analyses combined with information from mineralogical X-ray diffraction, fabrics and morphological features, and cave monitoring data. None of the studied stalagmites cover the whole 2.7 kyr period but they provide sufficient overlap to replicate most of the discussed climatic intervals with the exception of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), which is represented by a hiatus. Taking into account the results of five years farmed calcite collected in glass plates and cave environmental parameters, we argue that main patterns in the stalagmite geochemical records are mostly controlled by changing rates of prior calcite precipitation (PCP) that respond to hydrological changes in the region. We apply a principal component analysis to the stalagmite geochemical data set and a composite δ18O record to obtain a robust regional hydrological record. This record supports wet conditions for the early Roman Period (RP), the first half of the Early Middle Ages (EMA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA), and drier conditions for the late RP, the late EMA and the entire MCA. These results are discussed in the context of other climatic and oceanographic records from the region including paleo North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) records. This ocean-atmosphere approach suggests complex non-stationary climate patterns for the last 2.7 kyr, including the occurrence of both wet-warm and wet-cold intervals and underlying the complex interaction of factors controlling climate evolution in the region. Overall, positive (negative) NAO phases appear coincident with drier (wetter) conditions for all the examined period at decadal time-scales.
Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears, 1982
constituído por una uniad carbonatada, situada sobre una importante superfície de erosión que afe... more constituído por una uniad carbonatada, situada sobre una importante superfície de erosión que afecta al complejo arrecifal de edad Tortoniense-Messiniense. Esta unidad se halla integrada por cuatro secuencias deposicionales (FORNOS, 1983). La secuencia deposicional inferior corresponde a un complejo de manglar compuesto por cuatro niveles: a) nivel de calcarenitas con bioturbación vertical, b) niveles de fango carbonatado con bioturbación, c) niveles calcareníticos bioclasticos y d) niveles de arcillas verdes con cantos ennegrecidos. La diferente superposición de los niveles que integran este complejo permite inferir la evolución paleogeográfica del Complejo de Manglar. Este presenta un carcter expansivo con secuencias regresivas por progradación lateral, dentro de una secuencia general trangresiva. ABSTRACT. The Terminal Miocene is build•up in Mallorca (Balearic islands) by a Carbonate Unit. This unit overlie an erosive surface afecting the Recifal Complex deposits (Tortonian-Messinian age) by four levels that are interpreted as a Mangroove Complexo This levels are: a) level of vertical bioturbated calcarenites, b) level of bioturbated carbonate mud, c) level of bioclastic calcarenites, and d) level of green clays with black-pebbles. Several depositional sequences of this levels are described and interpreted. The paleogeography of the Mangroove Complex shows an expanssive character wih regressive sequences (made by lateral progradation) in a general transgressive suite. brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert
Aeolian-alluvial sedimentary interaction results in the formation of deposits characterized by ty... more Aeolian-alluvial sedimentary interaction results in the formation of deposits characterized by typical alluvial sedimentary structures, but is composed of conspicuous amounts of aeolian sediments. The literature on this topic is limited and most works relate more with continental aeolian dunes or fluvial dune interference with fan bodies. Furthermore, there is a lack of examples of aeolian-alluvial sedimentary interference in coastal settings. In the western Mediterranean, there are many Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits built up partly by sediment originating from coastal dunes dismantled by alluvial streams. Very often, these deposits show a continuous sedimentary sequence through which we can derive the contribution and predominance of coastal, alluvial-colluvial and aeolian processes and their controls on landscape formation. This is an outstanding feature within coastal systems since it shows marine sediments reworked and integrated within coastal dune fields by aeolian transport, and the latter built up into alluvial fan bodies. In this sense, aeolian-alluvial interaction is the geomorphic-sedimentary expression of the coexistence and overlapping of alluvial and aeolian environments resulting in deposits sharing sedimentary features from both environments. The aim of this paper is to unravel the contribution of coastal dunes in the construction of alluvial fans bodies and identify the main sedimentary facies that constitute these deposits, as well as their climatic controls. For this reason, Es Caló fan (northern Mallorca) has been selected due to its well-exposed deposits exhibiting the alternation of aeolian, alluvial and colluvial deposits. Sedimentological and stratigraphic analyses based on 33 logs and complementary analyses demonstrate that most of the facies constituting the fan body are made up completely of marine bioclastic sands. These deposits record an alluvial fan sedimentary environment characterized by sediments
Along the eastern coast of Mallorca, many littoral caves partly filled with brackish waters occur... more Along the eastern coast of Mallorca, many littoral caves partly filled with brackish waters occur. The most peculiar aspect of these caves is the presence of abundant phreatic overgrowths formed on pre-existing supports located at the underground pools' water table, which corresponds to the present sea level. Besides a specific geomorphological interest, these subaqueous speleothems provide an excellent record of Quaternary sea level stands. The clear relation between phreatic speleothem growth and the contemporary sea level allows the control of the tectonic evolution of an area, by comparing speleothems' ages and heights with the regionally established eustatic curves. In the studied region different altimetric positions of coeval phreatic speleothems suggest the existence of a recent tectonic activity. The characteristics and chronology of this tectonic event are the objectives of this paper, pointing out at the same time the potential of phreatic speleothems in structural geology investigations. Along the coastline of the studied area, alignments of phreatic speleothems attributed to high sea stands 5a, 5c and 5e are recorded at increasing elevations northwards. This is an evidence of a significant tectonic tilting that took place, at least partially, after substage 5a because phreatic speleothems of this substage are now located at different altitudes. Considering that tectonic tilting has been continuous from post-substage 5a (approximately 85 ka) until now, and that normal displacement is approximately of 1.5 m, the average minimum velocity of the tilting can be estimated about 0.02 mm/year in the southern part with respect to the north end. Data obtained from phreatic speleothems have been compared with other regional, stratigraphical, geomorphological and tectonic evidence that all together point to the same existence of the postulated tectonic tilting. Consequently, phreatic speleothem investigation results in a new method that allows the quantification of average velocities of tilting as well as other tectonic movements with high precision. This methodology can be extended to any littoral karstic landscape where phreatic speleothems are present.
ABSTRACT del Valle, L.; Fornós, J.J.; Pomar, F., and Gómez-Pujol, L., 2020. Persistence, spatial ... more ABSTRACT del Valle, L.; Fornós, J.J.; Pomar, F., and Gómez-Pujol, L., 2020. Persistence, spatial variability and transport of anthropogenic coal particles from old power plants in the nearshore sediment. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 1406-1410. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This study addresses the persistence and dynamics of unburned coal fragments, within coastal sediments at the Bay of Palma (Mallorca, Western Mediterranean) for the period 1990 – 2010. This coal fragments relate to two coastal power plants in operation from 1859 to 1968. Two sediment-sampling campaigns have been developed; one in 1990 and another in 2010. Sedimentological and composition analyses show that local nearshore sediments consist of well-sorted medium to fine bioclastic sands, reaching 70% of the sediment budget. Nevertheless, almost 3.7% of the coastal sediments are coal fragments. The comparison of sediment properties for 1990 and 2010 survey samplings, show that the presence of coal fragments in nearshore sediment has increased from 2.9% to 3.7% due to re-working and fragmentation of original coal grains by alongshore currents and waves action. Spatial distribution of coal reports a south-eastwards transport that coincides with the main coastal current direction along the bay.
Carbonate rocks are omnipresent in the case of the Balearic archipelago. This fact, together with... more Carbonate rocks are omnipresent in the case of the Balearic archipelago. This fact, together with an appropriate climatology, implies that karstic processes are the main responsible for the landscape development as well as the littoral shaping. The special geomorphological and hydrologic conditions of this area, along with sea-level, ecology, or paleoclimate, provokes a littoral complex interaction that give rise to a characteristic coastline. The objective of the present paper deals with the brief description of all related aspects of the endokarstic processes that affect the littoral fringe and summarizing their effects in the morphologic development of the coastline.
Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears, 2011
L’exploracio i documentacio de cavitats litorals al Migjorn de Mallorca, moltes d’elles amb impor... more L’exploracio i documentacio de cavitats litorals al Migjorn de Mallorca, moltes d’elles amb importants continuacions subaquatiques, posen de manifest la possible relacio genetica i hidrologica entre les cales i l’endocarst. La presencia de cavitats carstiques que son capturades per l’erosio marina i posteriorment desmantellades progressivament constitueix un factor mes a tenir en compte. Molts dels “dolcos”, nom popular de les surgencies submarines, provenen de cavitats carstiques que drenen i interactuen hidrologicament amb la mar. Aquestes cavitats litorals en certa manera constitueixen una prolongacio de la mar terra endins i constitueixen una part fonamental del patrimoni natural de Mallorca.
Phreatic overgrowths on speleothems form at the surface of brackish pools which are present in ma... more Phreatic overgrowths on speleothems form at the surface of brackish pools which are present in many coastal caves of Mallorca (Spain). Unlike common vadose speleothems formed in subaerial environments, their occurrence directly identi"es the height of the sea level at the time of the carbonate deposition, because such pools are physically connected with the sea. These deposits from the Late Pleistocene have recorded the same global variations in oxygen isotopes as planktonic and benthonic foraminifera, corals and cave deposits. A number of phreatic overgrowths on speleothems have been dated using the Th/U method in order to determine the position of the sea level during Late Quaternary. The same samples, as well as some subaerial speleothems, have been analysed for O/O and C/C ratios. The former samples allow the analysis of variations in sea water component in the brackish pools associated with glacio-eustatic Mediterranean #uctuations, and the latter permit inferences concerning past continental climate changes. Some high sea-stands have been recognized in correspondence with Oxygen Isotope Stages (OIS): 9 or older, 7, 5e, 5c and 5a. Phreatic overgrowths on speleothems have also been formed during a colder phase (OIS 4), demonstrating that also in that period there were environmental conditions favourable for this kind of carbonate precipitation. Vadose crystallizations have recorded a cold period at 36 ka, corresponding with the end of OIS 3.
Capitulo en: Angel Gines, Joaquin Gines, Lluis Gomez-Pujol, Bogdan P. Onac, Joan J. Fornos (eds.)... more Capitulo en: Angel Gines, Joaquin Gines, Lluis Gomez-Pujol, Bogdan P. Onac, Joan J. Fornos (eds.). Mallorca: a Mediterranean Benchmark for Quaternary Studies. Palma de Mallorca: Societat d'Historia Natural de les Balears, 2012, p.13-53 (Monografies de la Societat d'Historia Natural de les Balears ; 18. ISSN 1696-5426). ISBN 978-84-615-7918-1
Quaternary Science Reviews 114 (2015) 203e227 MIS 5 Multiproxy data Iberian Peninsula Palaeoenvir... more Quaternary Science Reviews 114 (2015) 203e227 MIS 5 Multiproxy data Iberian Peninsula Palaeoenvironment region for longer than previously thought. In addition, the recovery of a small lithic assemblage indicates human presence in the surroundings of the site. The 11 m-thick stratigraphic section also provides an ideal setting in which to compare several geochronological methods. UeTh dating of the flowstones that cap the deposit, of speleothems formed along the cave walls, and of speleothems buried by the deposit at different elevations provides minimum and maximum ages of 74 and 175 ka, respectively, for the accumulation. The ages obtained by luminescence, electron spin resonance (ESR), amino acid racemisation (AAR), palaeomagnetism and U-series dating of bone are in good agreement with each other and are stratigraphically consistent. This well-dated faunal succession presents a unique opportunity to assess changes in the Pleistocene fauna of the Mediterranean coast over an interval of more than 100 ka.
This study presents the results of a multi-proxy analysis conducted to improve our understanding ... more This study presents the results of a multi-proxy analysis conducted to improve our understanding of the palaeoenvironmental conditions of the freshwater and brackish marshes of Cal Maurici (Barcelona, Spain) and the human impact on them during the mid-Holocene (6171–3891 cal. yr BP). The study integrates data from pollen, phytolith, diatom, charcoal, seeds and malacological analyses and helps to reconstruct the ecological conditions during the early establishment of farming communities in western Mediterranean facade. The results indicate a landscape dominated by Mediterranean vegetation with aquatic plants in the shallow marshes and well-developed forests in the nearby area, providing for the first time in the Holocene of NE Iberian Peninsula the palaeoecological conditions of deltaic areas. Ecofactual evidence indicates an initial landscape dominated by brackish marshes (6171–5773 cal. yr BP) in which Ruppia cf. maritima was predominant and human impact was low. Between 5026 and 4839 cal yr. BP, freshwater conditions expanded with an increase in Potamogeton sp. and the presence of Typha angustifolia and Spirogyra sp. algae with well-developed oak woodlands and deciduous trees in nearby areas. The expansion of evergreen forest occurred later (from 4960 to 4825 cal. yr BP until 3712 cal. yr BP), with the decline of deciduous woodland and the expansion of evergreen oaks, pinewoods, wild olive trees and box, coinciding with a period of increased human activity in the area. Additionally, the presence of marine resources at several archaeological excavation sites and domestic plants at Cal Maurici provides an opportunity to evaluate the interaction between earlier farmers and marine or deltaic ecosystems.
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deltaic ecosystems.