Papers by William L Courtney
In this short, introductory essay, I introduce the Revelation of St. John by providing the follow... more In this short, introductory essay, I introduce the Revelation of St. John by providing the following elements: a short overview of the work, the historical context in which the book was written, some examples of the elements that make this work an example of the apocalyptic genre, and my own beliefs about the purpose for the writing of the book itself. I also provide a bibliography of sources for further reading.
An introductory essay designed to introduce the reader to the apocalyptic Jewish work, including ... more An introductory essay designed to introduce the reader to the apocalyptic Jewish work, including a general overwork of the book's contents, its historical context, some apocalyptic elements within the text, the purpose behind the text, and a bibliography of additional resources for further study.
When discussing the American Civil War, many think of the battles that were fought, the personali... more When discussing the American Civil War, many think of the battles that were fought, the personalities that were involved, or the questions and debate about slavery and emancipation.
What is usually not at the forefront of the discussions about the Civil War is how both medical care and surgery evolved due to the large number of men that had to be operated on and taken
care of as a consequence of these battles. It is certainly one of the great ironies of history that the most bloody and deadly conflict in the New World helped to advance the science of healing the wounded.
Of all the popes of the medieval period, Innocent III has been widely regarded as the most powerf... more Of all the popes of the medieval period, Innocent III has been widely regarded as the most powerful and influential of them all. The papacy reached its zenith under his reign. But was Innocent an all powerful religious leader who could control everyone in Europe as he wished? This paper seeks to understand the relationship between the kind of authority wielded by Innocent in relation to the secular authorities within European society, and to show how Innocent's power needs to be looked at in a more nuanced way. While he certainly did wield tremendous power and influence, he was not the undisputed lord of the earth and his will was often opposed by monarchs who did not wish to go along with his wishes.
The Islamic tenant of Zakat or "charity" influenced the Muslim leaders within the Abbasid Calipha... more The Islamic tenant of Zakat or "charity" influenced the Muslim leaders within the Abbasid Caliphate to implement policies that would benefit the healthcare of their empire, including the study of medicine and the building of hospitals.
A study about one of the founders of Reform Judaism, particularly how he worked to benefit the Je... more A study about one of the founders of Reform Judaism, particularly how he worked to benefit the Jewish people living in America.
An examination of some of the contributions to the poor in society by founder of Methodism, parti... more An examination of some of the contributions to the poor in society by founder of Methodism, particularly healthcare.
A examination of the role that sociology played in the founding and management of early American ... more A examination of the role that sociology played in the founding and management of early American Utopian societies.
The paper analyzes the presidential election of 1944 between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Thomas Dew... more The paper analyzes the presidential election of 1944 between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Thomas Dewey, and why the Republican attacks against Roosevelt ultimately failed.
The story of how King Leopold II of Belgium conquered and transformed the Congo into his own priv... more The story of how King Leopold II of Belgium conquered and transformed the Congo into his own private kingdom and the atrocities that were committed there.
A comparative survey of some of the major events of the early Middle Ages in both Asia and Europe.
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Papers by William L Courtney
What is usually not at the forefront of the discussions about the Civil War is how both medical care and surgery evolved due to the large number of men that had to be operated on and taken
care of as a consequence of these battles. It is certainly one of the great ironies of history that the most bloody and deadly conflict in the New World helped to advance the science of healing the wounded.
What is usually not at the forefront of the discussions about the Civil War is how both medical care and surgery evolved due to the large number of men that had to be operated on and taken
care of as a consequence of these battles. It is certainly one of the great ironies of history that the most bloody and deadly conflict in the New World helped to advance the science of healing the wounded.