The study was performed to evaluate relationships among the major anthropological parameters: (bo... more The study was performed to evaluate relationships among the major anthropological parameters: (body mass - BM, height, body mass index - BMI, lean body mass - FFM, proportion of fat mass -Fat%), physical capacity, and the tennis federations ranking position as an index of the temporal sport success. Seventeen elite female tennis players, divided into three age-matched groups (15, 16, and 17 yr) participated in this study. All the players had a national singles ranking (positions between 1st-80th) and in International Tennis Federation's Junior Circuit ranking (ITFJC; 21st to 990th position of ITF). Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) was calculated from the distance covered in 12-min run test via Cooper's formula. Wingate test with lactate assay was used as an index of anaerobic capacity. There was a significant age-related trend for an increase in BM, height, FFT, and Fat%, associated with impressive shift of the anthropological indexes of body weight and height, assessed by the percentile chart analysis. The unexpected body growth spurt evidently observed between aged 15 and 17 is supposed to reflect a delay in somatic development, related to extensive exercise load. Body composition did not correlate to the ranking positions. All tested tennis players revealed excellent aerobic capacity associated with poor indices of anaerobic fitness. The position in the tennis federations rankings correlated to VO2max but not with maximal power or maximal work output assessed by Wingate test. In the whole group the maximal power and work output were proportional to BMI and FFM, but not to Fat%. In conclusion, in light of the contradictory reports concerning a possible link between strenuous regular exercise performed by young children and adolescent elite sportsmen our data indicate a delayed growth spurt in the elite female tennis players to occur between ages 15 and 17. The other important finding in terms of prospective for future professional career is the evident link between aerobic capacity and ranking positions.
Introduction: Although impacts of physical activity on cognitive functions have been intensively ... more Introduction: Although impacts of physical activity on cognitive functions have been intensively investigated, they are still far from being completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of the Nordic Walking training with BungyPump resistance poles (NW-RSA) on the amino acid and kynurenine profiles as well as selected myokine/exerkine concentrations, which may modify the interface between physical and cognitive functions. Methods: A group of 32 older adults participated in the study. Before and after the intervention, body composition, cognitive functions, and physical performance were assessed. Blood samples were taken before and 1 h after the first and last sessions of the NW-RSA training, to determine circulating levels of exercise-induced proteins, i.e., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, kynurenine (KYN), metabolites, and amino acids. Results: The NW-RSA training induced a significant improvement in cognitive functions and physical performance as well as a reduction in fat mass (p = 0.05). Changes were accompanied by a decline in resting serum BDNF (p = 0.02) and a slight reduction in irisin concentration (p = 0.08). Still, changes in irisin Frontiers in Endocrinology frontiersin.org 01
The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of blood lactate during the men's judo comp... more The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of blood lactate during the men's judo competition in order to investigate the impact of selected factors (the number and frequency of attacks and other variables) affecting it. Material/Methods: The study involved one professional judoist from the Sport Club (KS) of the Polish University Sports Association (AZS) Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland (AWFiS) who is also a member of the national junior judo team. To determine the participant's aerobic capacity, the test until exhaustion was performed during the tournament-specific preparation period. Additionally, anaerobic efficiency was measured in the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Finally, blood samples were taken during an international junior judo tournament before and after each five fights as a material for the analysis of the concentration of lactate. Additionally, technical and tactical data of the five fights were recorded. Results: The highest concentration of blood lactate (25.1 mmol•l-1) was observed after the fourth fight, whereas the lowest (9.8 mmol•l-1) value was recorded after the last fight. The technical and tactical data have shown that the subject performed the highest number of attacks (10) in the first and fourth fight. Conclusions: According to our study, in-competition blood lactate concentration (as measured after each fight) exceeds the concentration obtained through the Wingate effort. This suggests that a single effort exerted during the WAnT is inadequate diagnostic index of glycolytic processes in tournament judo. Further, the frequencies of attacks, numbers attacks, forceful attacks are not the only factors affecting glycolysis process.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 2010
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition, aerobic cap... more The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition, aerobic capacity and the balance in young tennis players at rest and during fatigue triggered by an endurance test. Moreover, we tried to find the correlation between the tennis ranking position and the balance. Well-trained 16 young tennis players (15 and 17 years old, singles national ranking 3-39, average training experience of 9 years) took part in this study. They were assigned to two groups according to their age-15 TG and 17 TG. Participants completed the same battery of body composition, aerobic, and body balance assessments. Body balance measurement was repeated twice-before and after the aerobic assessment. The main finding of this study points out the body balance to be a motor ability influencing results achieved in the specific tennis drill. This connection was observed in both of the tested groups; however, it was particularly significant within 17 TG. The presented study does not point out the main factor to focus on when conducting a career of a professional tennis player regardless of the numerous tests and measurements included in the analysis observed. Interesting correlations may suggest that for the players in a developmental age it is speed and balance that ought to be more intensively developed.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Feb 18, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Coldness Therapy and Volleyball Training concentration (the adjusted effect small and very likely... more Coldness Therapy and Volleyball Training concentration (the adjusted effect small and very likely −6%; Coefficient Interval: −10 to −2%). Overall, a 2-week volleyball training program supported by the whole body cryostimulation protocol resulted in an increase of growth factors and offset a decline of physical performance. Thus these procedure can be applied in professional sport during competition period, especially among those disciplines focusing on an explosive power and ability to concentrate.
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) represent proteins' groups, whose protective function, may be induced b... more Heat shock proteins (Hsp) represent proteins' groups, whose protective function, may be induced by heat, reactive oxygen species, cytokines etc. We evaluated blood levels of Hsp27 and Hsp70, and their relation to skeletal muscle damage and inflammation in young tennis players before and after the conditioning camp. Blood samples were collected directly after tournament season, 3-day rest and 14-day conditioning camp that followed. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) demonstrated the highest concentration directly after tournament season, which significantly decreased at camp's end. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 increased after 3d rest and 14d camp. Hsp27 increased after 3d rest and remained so after 14d camp, while Hsp70 decreased from baseline to camp's completion. Hsp27 and Hsp70 correlated significantly with H2O2, IL-1β and TNFα. Muscle damage, observed as creatine kinase (CK) activity changes, increased after 14d camp similarly to Hsp27 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. Obtained data allows to conclude that decrease of Hsp27 and increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines could be a good indicator of overreaching. Reverse tendencies in these proteins may verify accuracy of conditioning camp. Finally, this training program caused an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokines concentrations, improving individual status of recovery. Key PointsThe study demonstrating low grade inflammation-induced by the tournament season in young tennis player.Three days of active rest stimulated the anti-inflammatory response via rise of Hsp27 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.Observed decrease of blood Hsp70 may support mental recovery.Thirteen-day appropriate training program led to maintaining an immunological response balance.
Cold treatment is a popular therapy used by anyone in order to relieve or prevent pain and swelli... more Cold treatment is a popular therapy used by anyone in order to relieve or prevent pain and swelling after trauma, inflammatory conditions or any other condition from which pain originates. Nowadays, cold therapy treatments, referable as both whole-body and partial-body cryotherapy, are available and they are based on exposure to extremely cold air (either atmospheric air or liquid nitrogen vapours), with temperature ranging between −110 and −160 °C, in special chambers.
The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of blood lactate during the men's judo comp... more The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of blood lactate during the men's judo competition in order to investigate the impact of selected factors (the number and frequency of attacks and other variables) affecting it. Material/Methods: The study involved one professional judoist from the Sport Club (KS) of the Polish University Sports Association (AZS) Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland (AWFiS) who is also a member of the national junior judo team. To determine the participant's aerobic capacity, the test until exhaustion was performed during the tournament-specific preparation period. Additionally, anaerobic efficiency was measured in the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Finally, blood samples were taken during an international junior judo tournament before and after each five fights as a material for the analysis of the concentration of lactate. Additionally, technical and tactical data of the five fights were recorded. Results: The highest concentration of blood lactate (25.1 mmol•l-1) was observed after the fourth fight, whereas the lowest (9.8 mmol•l-1) value was recorded after the last fight. The technical and tactical data have shown that the subject performed the highest number of attacks (10) in the first and fourth fight. Conclusions: According to our study, in-competition blood lactate concentration (as measured after each fight) exceeds the concentration obtained through the Wingate effort. This suggests that a single effort exerted during the WAnT is inadequate diagnostic index of glycolytic processes in tournament judo. Further, the frequencies of attacks, numbers attacks, forceful attacks are not the only factors affecting glycolysis process.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 17, 2021
Ageing often associates with a chronic low-grade inflammatory status that can be consequent to th... more Ageing often associates with a chronic low-grade inflammatory status that can be consequent to the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the downstream NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and causes a chronic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since exercise has known anti-inflammatory effects, we investigated the effect of Nordic walking training on inflammasome activation and downstream effectors in elderly women. A population of elderly women was divided in EXP (n=29) that completed 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training program, and CTRL (n=29), performing no activity. Blood samples were taken before and after the first (T1-pre and T1-post, respectively) and last (T2-pre and T2-post, respectively) exercise unit. Inflammasome activation status was assessed by whole blood NLRP3 and TLR4 expression by RT-qPCR. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-18 cytokines were assayed by multiplex fluorescent beads-based immunoassays or ELISA. NLRP3 and TLR4 levels were reduced 2 folds between T1-pre and T2-pre and induced at T2-post, compared to T2-pre, by 2.6- and 2.9-fold, respectively. A single exercise bout elicited a 1.38-, 1.5- and 1.36-fold rise of IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 concentration, respectively although not significant, at the beginning of the training (T1-pre vs. T1-post), a 1.4-fold decrease for IL-1β and TNFα at the end of the training (T1-pre vs. T2-pre), and a 2-, 1.8- and 1.26-fold increase after the last exercise session (T2-pre vs. T2-post) for the three cytokines. When stratifying the population based on BMI in normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW), NLRP3 and TLR4 expression was affected only in NW. As for inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β was modulated in NW at the beginning of the training, whereas in OW at the end of the training; for TNFα, this time-dependent modulation was significant only in OW. Applied aerobic training affected the resting expression of inflammasome constituents (NLRP3 and TLR4) and levels of downstream effectors (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6). Ho [...]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Typical judo exercise consists of many acyclic, intermittent activity i... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Typical judo exercise consists of many acyclic, intermittent activity involving different types of muscle contractions, which makes monitoring judo trainings' process effectiveness challenging. The following study applied the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a diagnostic tool in highly-trained judo athletes during an interval exercise, simulating the intermittent physical activity of a judo match. It was also designed to examine, whether muscle oxygenation, cardio-respiratory fitness capacity, and acid-base status differs between female (FJT) and male (MJT) athletes. METHODS: Judokas completed the same exercise protocol-a triple Wingate test separated by 4-minute rests. Before, directly after each WAnT as well as 15 minutes and 1 hour after the third WAnT, blood lactate (LA) and acid-base balance were determined. During the testing session the breath-by-breath pulmonary gas exchange method was used. RESULTS: Recorded values of concentration changes in oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) and absolute measure of O2Hb saturation represented as tissue oxygenation index (TOI) revealed significant differences between groups (p 0.05). Significant differences among cardio-respiratory factors were only noted between minute ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio. Differences in blood lactate, HCO3 − , and arterial pH were noted after the second and third test as well as 15 minutes after the protocol's completion. CONCLUSION: Collected data indicate that muscle oxygenation during the supramaximal exercise differed between genders, likely due to the influence of blood lactate accumulation on oxygen unloading and reduction in blood flow. Using NIRS, metabolic differences between groups were non-invasively determined, with the recorded data confirming the significance of an aerobic metabolism in judo, even during high-intensity exercise.
The physical fitness of students from a selection of universities in Gdansk Wydolność fizyczna st... more The physical fitness of students from a selection of universities in Gdansk Wydolność fizyczna studentów z wybranych uczelni Gdańska
Kinetics of oxygen uptake during high intensity exercise: comparison 11,12 and 13 years old train... more Kinetics of oxygen uptake during high intensity exercise: comparison 11,12 and 13 years old trained boy Analiza porównawcza kinetyki poboru tlenu podczas wysiłków fizycznych o dużej intensywności u 11,12 i 13 letnich trenujących chłopców
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 2010
Background: The aim of this study was to compare chosen parameters and coefficients characterizin... more Background: The aim of this study was to compare chosen parameters and coefficients characterizing the action of the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system at a low level of a cycloergometric exercise in young boys practicing handball and their untrained peers. In the present study we searched for an answer to questions concerning the influence of physical training on children's organism in progressive youth development. Material/Methods: The technique of parallel groups was used: the experimental one (boys training handball, n=12) and the control one (not trained boys, n=58). The developmental age of the subjects was evaluated by percentile charts. A fiveminute work on a bicycle ergometer was used to observe reaction of the organism to submaximal exercise below AT. During the test the parameters characterizing the respiratory and cardiovascular systems were measured by means of a gas analyzer Oxycon Pro Jaeger (Viasys) and Breath by Breath program. Results: We noted adapting changes in the circulatory system in young handball players. The group practicing handball showed a higher value of O2•HR-1 (p≤0.05) in comparison with the untrained boys. Oxygen deficit was higher in the trained group, but there were no statistically significant differences between the trained and untrained boys. Conclusions: Training during the biological progressive development causes adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system in the light of an increase in pulse oxygen (O2•HR-1) in submaximal work. Handball training during the biological progressive development causes an increase in oxygen deficit (Def. O2).
Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2014
ABSTRACT There are increasing number of evidences that regular exercise reduce risks of several m... more ABSTRACT There are increasing number of evidences that regular exercise reduce risks of several morbidities like cancer, heart attack, type II diabetes, hypertension and slows down ageing process. The mechanism of pro-healthy effects of exercise is far from being completely understood. For example exercise increase insulin sensitivity in type II diabetics and this is related to activation of AMP kinase and increase biogenesis of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, increase in insulin sensitivity was also observed in patients, whose body iron stores has been reduced. The fact that exercise has been reported to influence body iron metabolism made us ponder the question whether many positive effects of exercise can be related to these changes. Iron is essential for most of cellular processes like energy metabolism, cell proliferation, synthesis of DNA and collagen, posttranslational modification of some proteins and many others. However, for our body iron like oxygen when in excess, is toxic. The elevated body iron reserves have been linked with an increased risk of health problems such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Total body iron accumulates when iron intake begins to exceed its loss. This data are confirmed by studies on animal models of iron-induced cancer, and diabetes. Life-style changes such as exercise, calorie restriction, a diet rich in iron chelators, and phlebotomy are all associated with the reduction of total body iron. These treatments lead to diminished risk of several morbidities. Nevertheless, studies on cell cultures demonstrated that the labile iron pool (LIP) mainly determines its toxicity rather than total amount of accumulated iron. The LIP level is regulated by several signaling pathways and gene expression. Thus, it is expected that even at a high concentration of intracellular iron, its toxicity is not obvious until a cell is able to maintain a low level of LIP. These data suggest that an effective control of body iron stores (diet, exercise, and possibly phlebotomy) would be a wise strategy for disease prevention.
Vitamin C supplementation and exercise influence pro/antioxidative status and the cellular stress... more Vitamin C supplementation and exercise influence pro/antioxidative status and the cellular stress response. We tested the effects of exercise training for 6 weeks, supported by 1000 mg of vitamin C supplementation in elderly women. Thirty-six women were divided into two groups: a control group (CON) (n = 18, age 69.4 ± 6.4 years, 70.4 ±10.4 kg body mass) and a supplemented group (SUPP) (n = 18, aged 67.7 ± 5.6 years, body mass 71.46 ± 5.39 kg). Blood samples were taken twice (at baseline and 24 h after the whole period of training), in order to determine vitamin C concentration, the total oxidative status/capacity (TOS/TOC), total antioxidant status/capacity (TAS/TAC), and gene expression associated with cellular stress response: encoding heat shock factor (HSF1), heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A), heat shock protein 27 (HSPB1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We observed a significant increase in TOS/TOC, TAS/TAC, and prooxidant/antioxidant balance in the SUPP group. There wa...
The study was performed to evaluate relationships among the major anthropological parameters: (bo... more The study was performed to evaluate relationships among the major anthropological parameters: (body mass - BM, height, body mass index - BMI, lean body mass - FFM, proportion of fat mass -Fat%), physical capacity, and the tennis federations ranking position as an index of the temporal sport success. Seventeen elite female tennis players, divided into three age-matched groups (15, 16, and 17 yr) participated in this study. All the players had a national singles ranking (positions between 1st-80th) and in International Tennis Federation's Junior Circuit ranking (ITFJC; 21st to 990th position of ITF). Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) was calculated from the distance covered in 12-min run test via Cooper's formula. Wingate test with lactate assay was used as an index of anaerobic capacity. There was a significant age-related trend for an increase in BM, height, FFT, and Fat%, associated with impressive shift of the anthropological indexes of body weight and height, assessed by the percentile chart analysis. The unexpected body growth spurt evidently observed between aged 15 and 17 is supposed to reflect a delay in somatic development, related to extensive exercise load. Body composition did not correlate to the ranking positions. All tested tennis players revealed excellent aerobic capacity associated with poor indices of anaerobic fitness. The position in the tennis federations rankings correlated to VO2max but not with maximal power or maximal work output assessed by Wingate test. In the whole group the maximal power and work output were proportional to BMI and FFM, but not to Fat%. In conclusion, in light of the contradictory reports concerning a possible link between strenuous regular exercise performed by young children and adolescent elite sportsmen our data indicate a delayed growth spurt in the elite female tennis players to occur between ages 15 and 17. The other important finding in terms of prospective for future professional career is the evident link between aerobic capacity and ranking positions.
Introduction: Although impacts of physical activity on cognitive functions have been intensively ... more Introduction: Although impacts of physical activity on cognitive functions have been intensively investigated, they are still far from being completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of the Nordic Walking training with BungyPump resistance poles (NW-RSA) on the amino acid and kynurenine profiles as well as selected myokine/exerkine concentrations, which may modify the interface between physical and cognitive functions. Methods: A group of 32 older adults participated in the study. Before and after the intervention, body composition, cognitive functions, and physical performance were assessed. Blood samples were taken before and 1 h after the first and last sessions of the NW-RSA training, to determine circulating levels of exercise-induced proteins, i.e., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, kynurenine (KYN), metabolites, and amino acids. Results: The NW-RSA training induced a significant improvement in cognitive functions and physical performance as well as a reduction in fat mass (p = 0.05). Changes were accompanied by a decline in resting serum BDNF (p = 0.02) and a slight reduction in irisin concentration (p = 0.08). Still, changes in irisin Frontiers in Endocrinology frontiersin.org 01
The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of blood lactate during the men's judo comp... more The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of blood lactate during the men's judo competition in order to investigate the impact of selected factors (the number and frequency of attacks and other variables) affecting it. Material/Methods: The study involved one professional judoist from the Sport Club (KS) of the Polish University Sports Association (AZS) Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland (AWFiS) who is also a member of the national junior judo team. To determine the participant's aerobic capacity, the test until exhaustion was performed during the tournament-specific preparation period. Additionally, anaerobic efficiency was measured in the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Finally, blood samples were taken during an international junior judo tournament before and after each five fights as a material for the analysis of the concentration of lactate. Additionally, technical and tactical data of the five fights were recorded. Results: The highest concentration of blood lactate (25.1 mmol•l-1) was observed after the fourth fight, whereas the lowest (9.8 mmol•l-1) value was recorded after the last fight. The technical and tactical data have shown that the subject performed the highest number of attacks (10) in the first and fourth fight. Conclusions: According to our study, in-competition blood lactate concentration (as measured after each fight) exceeds the concentration obtained through the Wingate effort. This suggests that a single effort exerted during the WAnT is inadequate diagnostic index of glycolytic processes in tournament judo. Further, the frequencies of attacks, numbers attacks, forceful attacks are not the only factors affecting glycolysis process.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 2010
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition, aerobic cap... more The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition, aerobic capacity and the balance in young tennis players at rest and during fatigue triggered by an endurance test. Moreover, we tried to find the correlation between the tennis ranking position and the balance. Well-trained 16 young tennis players (15 and 17 years old, singles national ranking 3-39, average training experience of 9 years) took part in this study. They were assigned to two groups according to their age-15 TG and 17 TG. Participants completed the same battery of body composition, aerobic, and body balance assessments. Body balance measurement was repeated twice-before and after the aerobic assessment. The main finding of this study points out the body balance to be a motor ability influencing results achieved in the specific tennis drill. This connection was observed in both of the tested groups; however, it was particularly significant within 17 TG. The presented study does not point out the main factor to focus on when conducting a career of a professional tennis player regardless of the numerous tests and measurements included in the analysis observed. Interesting correlations may suggest that for the players in a developmental age it is speed and balance that ought to be more intensively developed.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Feb 18, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Coldness Therapy and Volleyball Training concentration (the adjusted effect small and very likely... more Coldness Therapy and Volleyball Training concentration (the adjusted effect small and very likely −6%; Coefficient Interval: −10 to −2%). Overall, a 2-week volleyball training program supported by the whole body cryostimulation protocol resulted in an increase of growth factors and offset a decline of physical performance. Thus these procedure can be applied in professional sport during competition period, especially among those disciplines focusing on an explosive power and ability to concentrate.
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) represent proteins' groups, whose protective function, may be induced b... more Heat shock proteins (Hsp) represent proteins' groups, whose protective function, may be induced by heat, reactive oxygen species, cytokines etc. We evaluated blood levels of Hsp27 and Hsp70, and their relation to skeletal muscle damage and inflammation in young tennis players before and after the conditioning camp. Blood samples were collected directly after tournament season, 3-day rest and 14-day conditioning camp that followed. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) demonstrated the highest concentration directly after tournament season, which significantly decreased at camp's end. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 increased after 3d rest and 14d camp. Hsp27 increased after 3d rest and remained so after 14d camp, while Hsp70 decreased from baseline to camp's completion. Hsp27 and Hsp70 correlated significantly with H2O2, IL-1β and TNFα. Muscle damage, observed as creatine kinase (CK) activity changes, increased after 14d camp similarly to Hsp27 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. Obtained data allows to conclude that decrease of Hsp27 and increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines could be a good indicator of overreaching. Reverse tendencies in these proteins may verify accuracy of conditioning camp. Finally, this training program caused an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokines concentrations, improving individual status of recovery. Key PointsThe study demonstrating low grade inflammation-induced by the tournament season in young tennis player.Three days of active rest stimulated the anti-inflammatory response via rise of Hsp27 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.Observed decrease of blood Hsp70 may support mental recovery.Thirteen-day appropriate training program led to maintaining an immunological response balance.
Cold treatment is a popular therapy used by anyone in order to relieve or prevent pain and swelli... more Cold treatment is a popular therapy used by anyone in order to relieve or prevent pain and swelling after trauma, inflammatory conditions or any other condition from which pain originates. Nowadays, cold therapy treatments, referable as both whole-body and partial-body cryotherapy, are available and they are based on exposure to extremely cold air (either atmospheric air or liquid nitrogen vapours), with temperature ranging between −110 and −160 °C, in special chambers.
The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of blood lactate during the men's judo comp... more The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of blood lactate during the men's judo competition in order to investigate the impact of selected factors (the number and frequency of attacks and other variables) affecting it. Material/Methods: The study involved one professional judoist from the Sport Club (KS) of the Polish University Sports Association (AZS) Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland (AWFiS) who is also a member of the national junior judo team. To determine the participant's aerobic capacity, the test until exhaustion was performed during the tournament-specific preparation period. Additionally, anaerobic efficiency was measured in the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Finally, blood samples were taken during an international junior judo tournament before and after each five fights as a material for the analysis of the concentration of lactate. Additionally, technical and tactical data of the five fights were recorded. Results: The highest concentration of blood lactate (25.1 mmol•l-1) was observed after the fourth fight, whereas the lowest (9.8 mmol•l-1) value was recorded after the last fight. The technical and tactical data have shown that the subject performed the highest number of attacks (10) in the first and fourth fight. Conclusions: According to our study, in-competition blood lactate concentration (as measured after each fight) exceeds the concentration obtained through the Wingate effort. This suggests that a single effort exerted during the WAnT is inadequate diagnostic index of glycolytic processes in tournament judo. Further, the frequencies of attacks, numbers attacks, forceful attacks are not the only factors affecting glycolysis process.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 17, 2021
Ageing often associates with a chronic low-grade inflammatory status that can be consequent to th... more Ageing often associates with a chronic low-grade inflammatory status that can be consequent to the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the downstream NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and causes a chronic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since exercise has known anti-inflammatory effects, we investigated the effect of Nordic walking training on inflammasome activation and downstream effectors in elderly women. A population of elderly women was divided in EXP (n=29) that completed 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training program, and CTRL (n=29), performing no activity. Blood samples were taken before and after the first (T1-pre and T1-post, respectively) and last (T2-pre and T2-post, respectively) exercise unit. Inflammasome activation status was assessed by whole blood NLRP3 and TLR4 expression by RT-qPCR. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-18 cytokines were assayed by multiplex fluorescent beads-based immunoassays or ELISA. NLRP3 and TLR4 levels were reduced 2 folds between T1-pre and T2-pre and induced at T2-post, compared to T2-pre, by 2.6- and 2.9-fold, respectively. A single exercise bout elicited a 1.38-, 1.5- and 1.36-fold rise of IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 concentration, respectively although not significant, at the beginning of the training (T1-pre vs. T1-post), a 1.4-fold decrease for IL-1β and TNFα at the end of the training (T1-pre vs. T2-pre), and a 2-, 1.8- and 1.26-fold increase after the last exercise session (T2-pre vs. T2-post) for the three cytokines. When stratifying the population based on BMI in normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW), NLRP3 and TLR4 expression was affected only in NW. As for inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β was modulated in NW at the beginning of the training, whereas in OW at the end of the training; for TNFα, this time-dependent modulation was significant only in OW. Applied aerobic training affected the resting expression of inflammasome constituents (NLRP3 and TLR4) and levels of downstream effectors (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6). Ho [...]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Typical judo exercise consists of many acyclic, intermittent activity i... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Typical judo exercise consists of many acyclic, intermittent activity involving different types of muscle contractions, which makes monitoring judo trainings' process effectiveness challenging. The following study applied the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a diagnostic tool in highly-trained judo athletes during an interval exercise, simulating the intermittent physical activity of a judo match. It was also designed to examine, whether muscle oxygenation, cardio-respiratory fitness capacity, and acid-base status differs between female (FJT) and male (MJT) athletes. METHODS: Judokas completed the same exercise protocol-a triple Wingate test separated by 4-minute rests. Before, directly after each WAnT as well as 15 minutes and 1 hour after the third WAnT, blood lactate (LA) and acid-base balance were determined. During the testing session the breath-by-breath pulmonary gas exchange method was used. RESULTS: Recorded values of concentration changes in oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) and absolute measure of O2Hb saturation represented as tissue oxygenation index (TOI) revealed significant differences between groups (p 0.05). Significant differences among cardio-respiratory factors were only noted between minute ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio. Differences in blood lactate, HCO3 − , and arterial pH were noted after the second and third test as well as 15 minutes after the protocol's completion. CONCLUSION: Collected data indicate that muscle oxygenation during the supramaximal exercise differed between genders, likely due to the influence of blood lactate accumulation on oxygen unloading and reduction in blood flow. Using NIRS, metabolic differences between groups were non-invasively determined, with the recorded data confirming the significance of an aerobic metabolism in judo, even during high-intensity exercise.
The physical fitness of students from a selection of universities in Gdansk Wydolność fizyczna st... more The physical fitness of students from a selection of universities in Gdansk Wydolność fizyczna studentów z wybranych uczelni Gdańska
Kinetics of oxygen uptake during high intensity exercise: comparison 11,12 and 13 years old train... more Kinetics of oxygen uptake during high intensity exercise: comparison 11,12 and 13 years old trained boy Analiza porównawcza kinetyki poboru tlenu podczas wysiłków fizycznych o dużej intensywności u 11,12 i 13 letnich trenujących chłopców
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 2010
Background: The aim of this study was to compare chosen parameters and coefficients characterizin... more Background: The aim of this study was to compare chosen parameters and coefficients characterizing the action of the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system at a low level of a cycloergometric exercise in young boys practicing handball and their untrained peers. In the present study we searched for an answer to questions concerning the influence of physical training on children's organism in progressive youth development. Material/Methods: The technique of parallel groups was used: the experimental one (boys training handball, n=12) and the control one (not trained boys, n=58). The developmental age of the subjects was evaluated by percentile charts. A fiveminute work on a bicycle ergometer was used to observe reaction of the organism to submaximal exercise below AT. During the test the parameters characterizing the respiratory and cardiovascular systems were measured by means of a gas analyzer Oxycon Pro Jaeger (Viasys) and Breath by Breath program. Results: We noted adapting changes in the circulatory system in young handball players. The group practicing handball showed a higher value of O2•HR-1 (p≤0.05) in comparison with the untrained boys. Oxygen deficit was higher in the trained group, but there were no statistically significant differences between the trained and untrained boys. Conclusions: Training during the biological progressive development causes adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system in the light of an increase in pulse oxygen (O2•HR-1) in submaximal work. Handball training during the biological progressive development causes an increase in oxygen deficit (Def. O2).
Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2014
ABSTRACT There are increasing number of evidences that regular exercise reduce risks of several m... more ABSTRACT There are increasing number of evidences that regular exercise reduce risks of several morbidities like cancer, heart attack, type II diabetes, hypertension and slows down ageing process. The mechanism of pro-healthy effects of exercise is far from being completely understood. For example exercise increase insulin sensitivity in type II diabetics and this is related to activation of AMP kinase and increase biogenesis of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, increase in insulin sensitivity was also observed in patients, whose body iron stores has been reduced. The fact that exercise has been reported to influence body iron metabolism made us ponder the question whether many positive effects of exercise can be related to these changes. Iron is essential for most of cellular processes like energy metabolism, cell proliferation, synthesis of DNA and collagen, posttranslational modification of some proteins and many others. However, for our body iron like oxygen when in excess, is toxic. The elevated body iron reserves have been linked with an increased risk of health problems such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Total body iron accumulates when iron intake begins to exceed its loss. This data are confirmed by studies on animal models of iron-induced cancer, and diabetes. Life-style changes such as exercise, calorie restriction, a diet rich in iron chelators, and phlebotomy are all associated with the reduction of total body iron. These treatments lead to diminished risk of several morbidities. Nevertheless, studies on cell cultures demonstrated that the labile iron pool (LIP) mainly determines its toxicity rather than total amount of accumulated iron. The LIP level is regulated by several signaling pathways and gene expression. Thus, it is expected that even at a high concentration of intracellular iron, its toxicity is not obvious until a cell is able to maintain a low level of LIP. These data suggest that an effective control of body iron stores (diet, exercise, and possibly phlebotomy) would be a wise strategy for disease prevention.
Vitamin C supplementation and exercise influence pro/antioxidative status and the cellular stress... more Vitamin C supplementation and exercise influence pro/antioxidative status and the cellular stress response. We tested the effects of exercise training for 6 weeks, supported by 1000 mg of vitamin C supplementation in elderly women. Thirty-six women were divided into two groups: a control group (CON) (n = 18, age 69.4 ± 6.4 years, 70.4 ±10.4 kg body mass) and a supplemented group (SUPP) (n = 18, aged 67.7 ± 5.6 years, body mass 71.46 ± 5.39 kg). Blood samples were taken twice (at baseline and 24 h after the whole period of training), in order to determine vitamin C concentration, the total oxidative status/capacity (TOS/TOC), total antioxidant status/capacity (TAS/TAC), and gene expression associated with cellular stress response: encoding heat shock factor (HSF1), heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A), heat shock protein 27 (HSPB1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We observed a significant increase in TOS/TOC, TAS/TAC, and prooxidant/antioxidant balance in the SUPP group. There wa...
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Papers by Ewa Ziemann