Books by Jelena Parizoska
Ova knjiga bavi se frazemima iz perspektive kognitivne lingvistike, točnije vezom između značenja... more Ova knjiga bavi se frazemima iz perspektive kognitivne lingvistike, točnije vezom između značenja i strukture frazema te njihovog konceptualnog ustrojstva. Podijeljena je u tri tematske cjeline. U prvoj se govori o odnosu značenja i gramatike, druga se bavi promjenjivošću frazema u engleskom i hrvatskom jeziku na temelju podataka iz računalnih korpusa, a u trećoj se cjelini pokazuje kako se teorijske spoznaje kognitivne lingvistike mogu primijeniti u izradi frazeoloških rječnika te u nastavi stranih jezika.
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The Online Dictionary of Croatian Idioms is base... more https://lexonomy.elex.is/#/frazeoloskirjecnikhr
The Online Dictionary of Croatian Idioms is based on data from the Croatian web corpus hrWaC. Two main criteria for inclusion of an idiom and its variant forms were applied: how typical a word combination is and how frequently it occurs in the corpus. In addition to the standard dictionary features, the Online Dictionary of Croatian Idioms provides its users with real usage in three novel ways: (1) text boxes with detailed explanations of usage, 2) text boxes featuring the ways in which speakers play with idioms and change them deliberately, 3) cross-references to other idioms with similar and/or opposite meanings in some entries.
https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/handle/11320/9680
Editors: Marija Omazić and Jelena Parizo... more https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/handle/11320/9680
Editors: Marija Omazić and Jelena Parizoska
This volume brings together scholars who investigate different aspects of variation of figurative expressions from the perspectives of corpus linguistics, cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, linguo-cultural and translation studies. The aim is to showcase current research on the relation between reproducibility and variation and its practical applications in translation, musical, media and literary discourse.
Projects by Jelena Parizoska
https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA22115/
PhraConRep coordinates contrastive empirical research on Ph... more https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA22115/
PhraConRep coordinates contrastive empirical research on Phraseme Constructions (PhraCons) and establishes a platform for conducting joint research on the classification, description, storage, translation and teaching of PhraCons of Middle and Eastern European languages. Its main objective is to provide a multilingual repository of PhraCons.
https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA21167/
The UniDive approach is to: (i) pursue NLP-applicable unive... more https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA21167/
The UniDive approach is to: (i) pursue NLP-applicable universality of terminologies and methodologies, (ii) quantify inter- and intra-linguistic diversity, (iii) boost and coordinate universality- and diversity-driven development of language resources and tools.
Papers in English by Jelena Parizoska
CLARIN Annual Conference Proceedings 2024, 2024
This paper introduces the CLASSLA-Express workshop series as an innovative approach to disseminat... more This paper introduces the CLASSLA-Express workshop series as an innovative approach to disseminating linguistic resources and infrastructure provided by the CLASSLA Knowledge Centre for South Slavic languages and the Slovenian CLARIN.SI infrastructure.
Authors: Nikola Ljubešić, Taja Kuzman, Ivana Filipović Petrović, Jelena Parizoska and Petya Osenova
Embodiment in Cross-Linguistic Studies: The ‘Face’, 2023
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This paper explores the relationship b... more https://brill.com/display/book/9789004521971/BP000008.xml
This paper explores the relationship between cultural models and lexico-grammatical constructions which contain the noun lice (‘face’) in Croatian. The aim is to show that the meaning and structural features of constructions with lice are closely related to the cultural model which they reflect. We conducted a study of collocations in which the noun lice occurs in the hrWaC corpus. The results show that lexico-grammatical constructions containing lice reflect four cultural models of the face in Croatian: the main ones are communication and emotion, and the remaining two combine selected elements of the two main models. The results also show that constructions in which lice is used figuratively are relatively fixed lexically and grammatically. This confirms the findings of previous corpus studies of body-related items, which show that figurative meanings are expressed by a restricted range of grammatical patterns. On a more general level, this study shows that different grammatical elements of a specific construction contribute significantly to its overall meaning.
Computational and Corpus-Based Phraseology, 4th International Conference, Europhras 2022, Malaga, Spain, 28-30 September, 2022, Proceedings, 2022
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-15925-1_13
This paper explores figurative ex... more https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-15925-1_13
This paper explores figurative expressions in Croatian which contain verbs of ingesting, more specifically eat verbs and gobble (manner of eating) verbs. The aim is to determine which aspects of the source domain serve as the basis for metaphorization and whether there is any difference between the two types of verbs with regard to their figurative potential. We conducted a study of seven verbs of ingesting in the Croatian web corpus hrWaC. The results show that metaphorical expressions with eat verbs profile ingestion with all its phases, e.g. pojesti živce komu (lit. eat up someone’s nerves) ‘drive someone up the wall’. In contrast, figurative uses of gobble verbs focus on drawing something down the throat (usually hastily), e.g. gutati samoglasnike ‘swallow syllables’, žderati resurse ‘devour resources’. The results also show that eat verbs are predominantly used literally, whereas the uses of gobble verbs are mostly figurative. Furthermore, figurative meanings of gobble verbs are associated with specific lexico-grammatical patterns. On a more general level, this study shows that metaphoricity is dependent on local factors such as lexical features of words from the source domain as well as grammatical constructions.
Lexis - Journal in English Lexicology, 2022
https://journals.openedition.org/lexis/6293
This paper deals with modifications, which are defin... more https://journals.openedition.org/lexis/6293
This paper deals with modifications, which are defined as creative changes of idioms’ conventionalized forms for communicative purposes. The focus is on verb phrase (VP) idioms and their structural modifications – deliberate alterations of the grammatical structure (which may be accompanied by lexical changes). Idiom modifications are analyzed within the framework of Cognitive Grammar. The aim is to show that structural modifications are systematic to a certain extent and that the restrictions governing such changes are similar to those that apply to conventionalized variations. We performed a study of 160 VP idioms in the English Web corpus 2013 (enTenTen13). Two groups of results were obtained. Firstly, structural modifications of VP idioms are limited to four types – active and passive voice, transitive and intransitive constructions, directional opposites and nominalization – which are parallel to those usually mentioned for conventionalized variations. Secondly, modifications exhibit systematicity in how conceptual content is expressed grammatically in that they follow established grammatical patterns. This implies that, when using an idiom creatively, the speaker can choose from a set of options, but those options allow for creativity within certain boundaries. Overall, this study shows that structural modifications are jointly constrained by semantic and grammatical factors.
Reproducible Language Units from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Volume 4, 2020
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This paper deals with Croatian NP idiom... more https://repozytorium.uwb.edu.pl/jspui/handle/11320/12361
This paper deals with Croatian NP idioms which are derived from verbal idioms that are caused-motion and self-motion constructions, e.g. bacati/baciti rukavicu u lice komu (lit. throw a glove in someone's face 'to challenge') → bacanje rukavice u lice (lit. the throwing of a glove into someone's face); bacač rukavice u lice (lit. a thrower of a glove in someone's face); rukavica u lice (lit. a glove in the face 'a challenge'). The aim is to give a cognitive linguistic account of nominalization of verbal idioms using corpus data. More specifically, we will show that reificationthe conceptual shift from a relational concept to a thing-is constrained both globally and locally. The most common patterns of nominalization are those in which the relation is still present. This is in line with the nature of verbal idioms, which are used to describe the characteristics of a specific situation.
Computational and Corpus-Based Phraseology, 2017
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-69805-2_25
This paper deals with variation o... more https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-69805-2_25
This paper deals with variation of Croatian similes which follow the pattern adjective + kao (‘as’) + noun (e.g. crven kao rak lit. red as a crab ‘having red skin or cheeks’). Previous studies have mostly focused on noun variations and their semantic relations with adjectives (e.g. crven kao rak/paprika lit. red as a crab/pepper), while variation in the adjective slot has not been explored. Corpus data suggest that adjectival slots also vary and that variant realizations are not restricted solely to adjectives. The aim of this paper is to show that variations of adjectival slots reflect different construals of the conceptual content of similes and to give a cognitive linguistic account of the mechanisms underlying this process. We performed a study of 98 adjectival similes in the Croatian web corpus hrWaC. The results show that adjectival slots can be filled by adjectives, adverbs and verbs (e.g. pocrvenjeti kao rak lit. turn red as a crab ‘be sunburnt or embarrassed’). Furthermore, adjectival slots may not be filled altogether or their lexical components vary widely, both of which suggest that similes undergo subjectification (in the Langackerian sense). This indicates that variation is dependent on the interplay of semantic and grammatical factors.
ESP Today. Journal of English for Specific Purposes at Tertiary Level, 2017
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This paper deals with the variati... more http://www.esptodayjournal.org/esp_today_back_issues_vol8.html
This paper deals with the variation of idioms from sport which are used to talk about competition in business, e.g. a level playing field. In business English textbooks they are listed in one form, whereas corpus data show that they occur in two or more lexical and/or syntactic forms. Furthermore, it has been shown that alterations result in a change in the overall meaning of the idiom and that different variation types serve specific functions. In order to explore the variability of idioms included in business English textbooks, we conducted two corpus studies of ten competition idioms. The aim is to show that competition idioms vary lexically and syntactically, and that there may be considerable differences between the textbook form and those in which the idioms occur in the corpora. In addition, we will give a cognitive linguistic account of how different variation types affect the idiomatic meaning and what functions they fulfil. The findings may have implications for teaching figurative language in ESP given that (1) idiom variation presents a challenge to non-native users of English, (2) idioms are frequently creatively exploited in discourse, and (3) idioms are used not only to convey information but also evaluation.
Language as Information. Proceedings from the CALS Conference 2012., 2014
This paper deals with similes following the (as) + adjective + as + NP pattern (e.g. (as) white a... more This paper deals with similes following the (as) + adjective + as + NP pattern (e.g. (as) white as snow) and cognate adjectival forms (snow-white) in English, Swedish and Croatian. Previous studies and dictionaries show that similes and adjectival forms have similar meanings: they typically refer to objects and humans (their physical properties and character). However, corpus research has shown that adjectival forms may occur with a different set of nouns and have different meanings.
The aim is to show that differences in structure between similes and adjectival forms reflect differences in meaning. More specifically, we will show that the changes which adjectival forms undergo are the result of their grammaticalization. We conducted a study of 454 similes in the British National Corpus, the Swedish PAROLE corpus and the Croatian National Corpus, looking for items which have cognate adjectival forms. The results show that adjectival forms are used with a wider range of nouns and have a different or wider range of meaning, and that they typically occur in prenominal position. Furthermore, they show that the properties of adjectival forms are the result of grammaticalization and that they reflect systematic variation of the idioms’ conceptual core. This indicates that idiom variation may be viewed as a phenomenon which includes both structure and meaning.
Phraseology and Discourse: Cross Linguistic and Corpus-based Approaches, 2012
This paper deals with the relationship between conventionalized similes with the structure (as) +... more This paper deals with the relationship between conventionalized similes with the structure (as) + adjective + as + NP in English, Swedish and Croatian (e.g. (as) clear as crystal, tung som bly ('heavy as lead'), hladan kao led ('cold as ice')) and cognate adjectival forms, more specifically noun-adjective compounds such as crystal-clear and blytung ('lead heavy') and adverb + adjective collocations such as ledeno hladan (lit. icily cold). Using corpus data, we examine the frequencies, collocational range and meaning of similes and adjectival forms in order to determine the degree of conventionality of each type of item and to identify the mechanisms underlying the process of creation of adjectival forms in the three languages. The aim is to show that similes and adjectival forms should be viewed on a scale of conventionality and grammaticalization. The frequencies of the two types of items as well as their semantic and syntactic differences raise the issue of the status of adjectival forms as idiomatic expressions, and the issue of items which are listed in dictionaries as canonical forms.
Discourse and Dialogue - Diskurs und Dialog , 2012
In the sentence "DataEase is one of those products that has hidden its light under the proverbial... more In the sentence "DataEase is one of those products that has hidden its light under the proverbial bushel", "proverbial" signals the use of the idiom "to hide one’s light under the bushel". This and similar discursive elements may indicate metaphors, proverbs and idioms, often signaling speaker attitude. However, in: "She knew he had the proverbial wife and two kids at Camberley." "proverbial" does not seem to signal any of these categories. Similar examples appear in Croatian with "poslovičan" ‘proverbial’ and in Polish with "przysłowiowy" ‘proverbial’. Using corpus data (COCA, HNK and IPI PAN) we argue that "proverbial", "poslovičan" and "przysłowiowy" signal various types of intersubjectively shared cultural models based on the notion of the proverb and its characteristics. They exhibit formal and semantic differences, which are a result of their subjectification (in the Langackerian sense). Non–subjectified meanings combine with non–idiomatic and non–conventional items, whereas subjectified meanings combine with idiomatic and conventional items. Their cross–linguistic variation is a result of larger grammatical patterns related to the subjectification of adjectives in the three languages.
Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, 2011
A study of English adjectives (Athanasiadou 2006) suggested that subjectification (defined as the... more A study of English adjectives (Athanasiadou 2006) suggested that subjectification (defined as the degree to which the conceptualizer plays a role in construing the objective scene; Langacker 2000) may be helpful in examining the various uses of adjectives in English. In this paper we attempt to do the same, comparing and contrasting three languages: English (as the point of reference), and Croatian and Polish. Croatian and Polish were selected because they allow relatively free combinations , with the caveat that Polish uses postposition for classifying senses. We examine whether subjectification may be taken as the organizing principle behind the prenominal, postnominal and predicative positions found in the three languages, i.e. whether the role of subjectification is global – working across constructions, or local – working within a construction. Examples from three languages showed that although subjectification does play a role in the various positions, it may not be taken as the organizing principle behind the differences. We argue that this is due to the fact that subjectification is a local phenomenon which works within a single construction, which is delimited formally and functionally. This is corroborated by other subjectified constructions. We believe that this is due to the gradual nature of subjectification, which requires recoverable links to previous stages.
Korpora, Web und Datenbanken. Computergestützte Methoden in der modernen Phraseologie und Lexikografie, 2010
Stability of form has been established in phraseology as one of the salient characteristics of id... more Stability of form has been established in phraseology as one of the salient characteristics of idioms. Corpus-based studies have relativized this notion, showing that a number of idioms are in fact variable in form and may possess several institutionalized variations. A case in point is the Croatian idiom loviti u mutnom (lit. to hunt in the murk-LOC ; ‘ to obtain something dishonestly’ ), which appears as lov/loviti/lovac u mutnom. The aim of this paper is to show that a combination of factors – corpus evidence, grammatical construction and motivation – are crucial in determining the canonical form and variations. More specifically, on the basis of the data from the Croatian National Corpus, we will prove that loviti u mutnom is a schematic idiom whose variations systematically reflect the underlying ICM MUTNA VODA (‘ murky water’ ), which constitutes its conceptual core. The results show that various lexical and syntactic realizations of the idiom are constrained by the extensions and elaborations of the model motivating it and/or combinations with other models. The variability of the idiom in question raises the issue of the criteria used in establishing the canonical form and the dictionary citation-form in terms of frequency and prototypicality.
Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, 2009
In cognitive linguistics most idioms are considered to be motivated by various cognitive mechanis... more In cognitive linguistics most idioms are considered to be motivated by various cognitive mechanisms which link the meaning of the idiom with the meanings of its constituents. One of these mechanisms is the CONTAINER image schema. In Croatian it is reflected in idioms containing the preposition u (‘in’). The CONTAINER schema serves to structure abstract conceptual domains like SITUATIONS, EVENTS and STATES. For example, being in a difficult situation is conceptualized as being in a container. In addition to motivating the idioms with the constituent u, the CONTAINER
schema also constrains their variability. This means that variations are not unpredictable, but are dependent on the underlying cognitive mechanism.
The aim of the paper is to show that the Croatian idioms describing difficult situations vary their lexico-syntactic structure systematically to reflect the CONTAINER image schema. Based on the data from the Croatian National Corpus, we will show that the idioms share a common element, the construction u + NP, which constitutes the fixed core of each of the expressions and serves as the basis for variant realizations. The lexical and syntactic variations reflect the different ways in which the relation between
the trajector (a person) and the landmark (a container-like object) is conceptualized.
The variability of the expressions raises the issue of the criteria used in establishing the citation form in monolingual dictionaries of idioms.
Cognitive Approaches to English: Fundamental Interdisciplinary and Applied Aspects, 2009
This paper combines the constructional approach to idioms (Fillmore et al. 1988) with an investig... more This paper combines the constructional approach to idioms (Fillmore et al. 1988) with an investigation of idiom motivation based on ICMs/cultural models (Lakoff 1987). We will compare the syntactic and semantic make-up of English constructions with the combination of components “ in ... eyes” and Croatian constructions with the combination of components “ u ... očima” . The aim is to show that these combinations are in fact schematic idioms with a relatively stable structure, depending on the ICM/cultural model motivating them. In order to show this, we analyzed a sample of these constructions from the BNC and the Croatian National Corpus. The analysis has confirmed that there are a limited number of cultural models motivating most expressions in both languages and that each model is associated with a particular schematic structure. For instance, the examples: (1) Staring up at him, she tried to read his own feelings in his eyes and couldn’ t. (2) U njegovim je očima bilo mnogo saučešća. ‘ There was a lot of sympathy in his eyes.’ belong to the EYES-AS-THE-REFLECTION-OF-THE-SOUL model, and reflect the structure [(VPERCEIVE/BE) N/V/AdjATTITUDE in somebody’ s eyes]. Results will be presented for three predominant cultural models (the PHYSICAL model, the EYES-AS-THE-REFLECTION-OF-THE-SOUL model and the SEEING (PERCEPTION) model) in the two languages. Comparison of Croatian and English has shown similarities (in cultural models, reflected in schematic constructions) and differences (in different elaborations of schematic usage patterns). Our results lead us to believe that other constructions with “ eyes” and “ oči” may exhibit similar characteristics, which may indicate that familiar pieces familiarly arranged may not be as semantically irregular as has been previously thought.
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Books by Jelena Parizoska
The Online Dictionary of Croatian Idioms is based on data from the Croatian web corpus hrWaC. Two main criteria for inclusion of an idiom and its variant forms were applied: how typical a word combination is and how frequently it occurs in the corpus. In addition to the standard dictionary features, the Online Dictionary of Croatian Idioms provides its users with real usage in three novel ways: (1) text boxes with detailed explanations of usage, 2) text boxes featuring the ways in which speakers play with idioms and change them deliberately, 3) cross-references to other idioms with similar and/or opposite meanings in some entries.
Editors: Marija Omazić and Jelena Parizoska
This volume brings together scholars who investigate different aspects of variation of figurative expressions from the perspectives of corpus linguistics, cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, linguo-cultural and translation studies. The aim is to showcase current research on the relation between reproducibility and variation and its practical applications in translation, musical, media and literary discourse.
Projects by Jelena Parizoska
PhraConRep coordinates contrastive empirical research on Phraseme Constructions (PhraCons) and establishes a platform for conducting joint research on the classification, description, storage, translation and teaching of PhraCons of Middle and Eastern European languages. Its main objective is to provide a multilingual repository of PhraCons.
The UniDive approach is to: (i) pursue NLP-applicable universality of terminologies and methodologies, (ii) quantify inter- and intra-linguistic diversity, (iii) boost and coordinate universality- and diversity-driven development of language resources and tools.
https://frazeoloski-rjecnik.eu/en/
Papers in English by Jelena Parizoska
Authors: Nikola Ljubešić, Taja Kuzman, Ivana Filipović Petrović, Jelena Parizoska and Petya Osenova
This paper explores the relationship between cultural models and lexico-grammatical constructions which contain the noun lice (‘face’) in Croatian. The aim is to show that the meaning and structural features of constructions with lice are closely related to the cultural model which they reflect. We conducted a study of collocations in which the noun lice occurs in the hrWaC corpus. The results show that lexico-grammatical constructions containing lice reflect four cultural models of the face in Croatian: the main ones are communication and emotion, and the remaining two combine selected elements of the two main models. The results also show that constructions in which lice is used figuratively are relatively fixed lexically and grammatically. This confirms the findings of previous corpus studies of body-related items, which show that figurative meanings are expressed by a restricted range of grammatical patterns. On a more general level, this study shows that different grammatical elements of a specific construction contribute significantly to its overall meaning.
This paper explores figurative expressions in Croatian which contain verbs of ingesting, more specifically eat verbs and gobble (manner of eating) verbs. The aim is to determine which aspects of the source domain serve as the basis for metaphorization and whether there is any difference between the two types of verbs with regard to their figurative potential. We conducted a study of seven verbs of ingesting in the Croatian web corpus hrWaC. The results show that metaphorical expressions with eat verbs profile ingestion with all its phases, e.g. pojesti živce komu (lit. eat up someone’s nerves) ‘drive someone up the wall’. In contrast, figurative uses of gobble verbs focus on drawing something down the throat (usually hastily), e.g. gutati samoglasnike ‘swallow syllables’, žderati resurse ‘devour resources’. The results also show that eat verbs are predominantly used literally, whereas the uses of gobble verbs are mostly figurative. Furthermore, figurative meanings of gobble verbs are associated with specific lexico-grammatical patterns. On a more general level, this study shows that metaphoricity is dependent on local factors such as lexical features of words from the source domain as well as grammatical constructions.
This paper deals with modifications, which are defined as creative changes of idioms’ conventionalized forms for communicative purposes. The focus is on verb phrase (VP) idioms and their structural modifications – deliberate alterations of the grammatical structure (which may be accompanied by lexical changes). Idiom modifications are analyzed within the framework of Cognitive Grammar. The aim is to show that structural modifications are systematic to a certain extent and that the restrictions governing such changes are similar to those that apply to conventionalized variations. We performed a study of 160 VP idioms in the English Web corpus 2013 (enTenTen13). Two groups of results were obtained. Firstly, structural modifications of VP idioms are limited to four types – active and passive voice, transitive and intransitive constructions, directional opposites and nominalization – which are parallel to those usually mentioned for conventionalized variations. Secondly, modifications exhibit systematicity in how conceptual content is expressed grammatically in that they follow established grammatical patterns. This implies that, when using an idiom creatively, the speaker can choose from a set of options, but those options allow for creativity within certain boundaries. Overall, this study shows that structural modifications are jointly constrained by semantic and grammatical factors.
This paper deals with Croatian NP idioms which are derived from verbal idioms that are caused-motion and self-motion constructions, e.g. bacati/baciti rukavicu u lice komu (lit. throw a glove in someone's face 'to challenge') → bacanje rukavice u lice (lit. the throwing of a glove into someone's face); bacač rukavice u lice (lit. a thrower of a glove in someone's face); rukavica u lice (lit. a glove in the face 'a challenge'). The aim is to give a cognitive linguistic account of nominalization of verbal idioms using corpus data. More specifically, we will show that reificationthe conceptual shift from a relational concept to a thing-is constrained both globally and locally. The most common patterns of nominalization are those in which the relation is still present. This is in line with the nature of verbal idioms, which are used to describe the characteristics of a specific situation.
This paper deals with variation of Croatian similes which follow the pattern adjective + kao (‘as’) + noun (e.g. crven kao rak lit. red as a crab ‘having red skin or cheeks’). Previous studies have mostly focused on noun variations and their semantic relations with adjectives (e.g. crven kao rak/paprika lit. red as a crab/pepper), while variation in the adjective slot has not been explored. Corpus data suggest that adjectival slots also vary and that variant realizations are not restricted solely to adjectives. The aim of this paper is to show that variations of adjectival slots reflect different construals of the conceptual content of similes and to give a cognitive linguistic account of the mechanisms underlying this process. We performed a study of 98 adjectival similes in the Croatian web corpus hrWaC. The results show that adjectival slots can be filled by adjectives, adverbs and verbs (e.g. pocrvenjeti kao rak lit. turn red as a crab ‘be sunburnt or embarrassed’). Furthermore, adjectival slots may not be filled altogether or their lexical components vary widely, both of which suggest that similes undergo subjectification (in the Langackerian sense). This indicates that variation is dependent on the interplay of semantic and grammatical factors.
This paper deals with the variation of idioms from sport which are used to talk about competition in business, e.g. a level playing field. In business English textbooks they are listed in one form, whereas corpus data show that they occur in two or more lexical and/or syntactic forms. Furthermore, it has been shown that alterations result in a change in the overall meaning of the idiom and that different variation types serve specific functions. In order to explore the variability of idioms included in business English textbooks, we conducted two corpus studies of ten competition idioms. The aim is to show that competition idioms vary lexically and syntactically, and that there may be considerable differences between the textbook form and those in which the idioms occur in the corpora. In addition, we will give a cognitive linguistic account of how different variation types affect the idiomatic meaning and what functions they fulfil. The findings may have implications for teaching figurative language in ESP given that (1) idiom variation presents a challenge to non-native users of English, (2) idioms are frequently creatively exploited in discourse, and (3) idioms are used not only to convey information but also evaluation.
The aim is to show that differences in structure between similes and adjectival forms reflect differences in meaning. More specifically, we will show that the changes which adjectival forms undergo are the result of their grammaticalization. We conducted a study of 454 similes in the British National Corpus, the Swedish PAROLE corpus and the Croatian National Corpus, looking for items which have cognate adjectival forms. The results show that adjectival forms are used with a wider range of nouns and have a different or wider range of meaning, and that they typically occur in prenominal position. Furthermore, they show that the properties of adjectival forms are the result of grammaticalization and that they reflect systematic variation of the idioms’ conceptual core. This indicates that idiom variation may be viewed as a phenomenon which includes both structure and meaning.
schema also constrains their variability. This means that variations are not unpredictable, but are dependent on the underlying cognitive mechanism.
The aim of the paper is to show that the Croatian idioms describing difficult situations vary their lexico-syntactic structure systematically to reflect the CONTAINER image schema. Based on the data from the Croatian National Corpus, we will show that the idioms share a common element, the construction u + NP, which constitutes the fixed core of each of the expressions and serves as the basis for variant realizations. The lexical and syntactic variations reflect the different ways in which the relation between
the trajector (a person) and the landmark (a container-like object) is conceptualized.
The variability of the expressions raises the issue of the criteria used in establishing the citation form in monolingual dictionaries of idioms.
The Online Dictionary of Croatian Idioms is based on data from the Croatian web corpus hrWaC. Two main criteria for inclusion of an idiom and its variant forms were applied: how typical a word combination is and how frequently it occurs in the corpus. In addition to the standard dictionary features, the Online Dictionary of Croatian Idioms provides its users with real usage in three novel ways: (1) text boxes with detailed explanations of usage, 2) text boxes featuring the ways in which speakers play with idioms and change them deliberately, 3) cross-references to other idioms with similar and/or opposite meanings in some entries.
Editors: Marija Omazić and Jelena Parizoska
This volume brings together scholars who investigate different aspects of variation of figurative expressions from the perspectives of corpus linguistics, cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, linguo-cultural and translation studies. The aim is to showcase current research on the relation between reproducibility and variation and its practical applications in translation, musical, media and literary discourse.
PhraConRep coordinates contrastive empirical research on Phraseme Constructions (PhraCons) and establishes a platform for conducting joint research on the classification, description, storage, translation and teaching of PhraCons of Middle and Eastern European languages. Its main objective is to provide a multilingual repository of PhraCons.
The UniDive approach is to: (i) pursue NLP-applicable universality of terminologies and methodologies, (ii) quantify inter- and intra-linguistic diversity, (iii) boost and coordinate universality- and diversity-driven development of language resources and tools.
https://frazeoloski-rjecnik.eu/en/
Authors: Nikola Ljubešić, Taja Kuzman, Ivana Filipović Petrović, Jelena Parizoska and Petya Osenova
This paper explores the relationship between cultural models and lexico-grammatical constructions which contain the noun lice (‘face’) in Croatian. The aim is to show that the meaning and structural features of constructions with lice are closely related to the cultural model which they reflect. We conducted a study of collocations in which the noun lice occurs in the hrWaC corpus. The results show that lexico-grammatical constructions containing lice reflect four cultural models of the face in Croatian: the main ones are communication and emotion, and the remaining two combine selected elements of the two main models. The results also show that constructions in which lice is used figuratively are relatively fixed lexically and grammatically. This confirms the findings of previous corpus studies of body-related items, which show that figurative meanings are expressed by a restricted range of grammatical patterns. On a more general level, this study shows that different grammatical elements of a specific construction contribute significantly to its overall meaning.
This paper explores figurative expressions in Croatian which contain verbs of ingesting, more specifically eat verbs and gobble (manner of eating) verbs. The aim is to determine which aspects of the source domain serve as the basis for metaphorization and whether there is any difference between the two types of verbs with regard to their figurative potential. We conducted a study of seven verbs of ingesting in the Croatian web corpus hrWaC. The results show that metaphorical expressions with eat verbs profile ingestion with all its phases, e.g. pojesti živce komu (lit. eat up someone’s nerves) ‘drive someone up the wall’. In contrast, figurative uses of gobble verbs focus on drawing something down the throat (usually hastily), e.g. gutati samoglasnike ‘swallow syllables’, žderati resurse ‘devour resources’. The results also show that eat verbs are predominantly used literally, whereas the uses of gobble verbs are mostly figurative. Furthermore, figurative meanings of gobble verbs are associated with specific lexico-grammatical patterns. On a more general level, this study shows that metaphoricity is dependent on local factors such as lexical features of words from the source domain as well as grammatical constructions.
This paper deals with modifications, which are defined as creative changes of idioms’ conventionalized forms for communicative purposes. The focus is on verb phrase (VP) idioms and their structural modifications – deliberate alterations of the grammatical structure (which may be accompanied by lexical changes). Idiom modifications are analyzed within the framework of Cognitive Grammar. The aim is to show that structural modifications are systematic to a certain extent and that the restrictions governing such changes are similar to those that apply to conventionalized variations. We performed a study of 160 VP idioms in the English Web corpus 2013 (enTenTen13). Two groups of results were obtained. Firstly, structural modifications of VP idioms are limited to four types – active and passive voice, transitive and intransitive constructions, directional opposites and nominalization – which are parallel to those usually mentioned for conventionalized variations. Secondly, modifications exhibit systematicity in how conceptual content is expressed grammatically in that they follow established grammatical patterns. This implies that, when using an idiom creatively, the speaker can choose from a set of options, but those options allow for creativity within certain boundaries. Overall, this study shows that structural modifications are jointly constrained by semantic and grammatical factors.
This paper deals with Croatian NP idioms which are derived from verbal idioms that are caused-motion and self-motion constructions, e.g. bacati/baciti rukavicu u lice komu (lit. throw a glove in someone's face 'to challenge') → bacanje rukavice u lice (lit. the throwing of a glove into someone's face); bacač rukavice u lice (lit. a thrower of a glove in someone's face); rukavica u lice (lit. a glove in the face 'a challenge'). The aim is to give a cognitive linguistic account of nominalization of verbal idioms using corpus data. More specifically, we will show that reificationthe conceptual shift from a relational concept to a thing-is constrained both globally and locally. The most common patterns of nominalization are those in which the relation is still present. This is in line with the nature of verbal idioms, which are used to describe the characteristics of a specific situation.
This paper deals with variation of Croatian similes which follow the pattern adjective + kao (‘as’) + noun (e.g. crven kao rak lit. red as a crab ‘having red skin or cheeks’). Previous studies have mostly focused on noun variations and their semantic relations with adjectives (e.g. crven kao rak/paprika lit. red as a crab/pepper), while variation in the adjective slot has not been explored. Corpus data suggest that adjectival slots also vary and that variant realizations are not restricted solely to adjectives. The aim of this paper is to show that variations of adjectival slots reflect different construals of the conceptual content of similes and to give a cognitive linguistic account of the mechanisms underlying this process. We performed a study of 98 adjectival similes in the Croatian web corpus hrWaC. The results show that adjectival slots can be filled by adjectives, adverbs and verbs (e.g. pocrvenjeti kao rak lit. turn red as a crab ‘be sunburnt or embarrassed’). Furthermore, adjectival slots may not be filled altogether or their lexical components vary widely, both of which suggest that similes undergo subjectification (in the Langackerian sense). This indicates that variation is dependent on the interplay of semantic and grammatical factors.
This paper deals with the variation of idioms from sport which are used to talk about competition in business, e.g. a level playing field. In business English textbooks they are listed in one form, whereas corpus data show that they occur in two or more lexical and/or syntactic forms. Furthermore, it has been shown that alterations result in a change in the overall meaning of the idiom and that different variation types serve specific functions. In order to explore the variability of idioms included in business English textbooks, we conducted two corpus studies of ten competition idioms. The aim is to show that competition idioms vary lexically and syntactically, and that there may be considerable differences between the textbook form and those in which the idioms occur in the corpora. In addition, we will give a cognitive linguistic account of how different variation types affect the idiomatic meaning and what functions they fulfil. The findings may have implications for teaching figurative language in ESP given that (1) idiom variation presents a challenge to non-native users of English, (2) idioms are frequently creatively exploited in discourse, and (3) idioms are used not only to convey information but also evaluation.
The aim is to show that differences in structure between similes and adjectival forms reflect differences in meaning. More specifically, we will show that the changes which adjectival forms undergo are the result of their grammaticalization. We conducted a study of 454 similes in the British National Corpus, the Swedish PAROLE corpus and the Croatian National Corpus, looking for items which have cognate adjectival forms. The results show that adjectival forms are used with a wider range of nouns and have a different or wider range of meaning, and that they typically occur in prenominal position. Furthermore, they show that the properties of adjectival forms are the result of grammaticalization and that they reflect systematic variation of the idioms’ conceptual core. This indicates that idiom variation may be viewed as a phenomenon which includes both structure and meaning.
schema also constrains their variability. This means that variations are not unpredictable, but are dependent on the underlying cognitive mechanism.
The aim of the paper is to show that the Croatian idioms describing difficult situations vary their lexico-syntactic structure systematically to reflect the CONTAINER image schema. Based on the data from the Croatian National Corpus, we will show that the idioms share a common element, the construction u + NP, which constitutes the fixed core of each of the expressions and serves as the basis for variant realizations. The lexical and syntactic variations reflect the different ways in which the relation between
the trajector (a person) and the landmark (a container-like object) is conceptualized.
The variability of the expressions raises the issue of the criteria used in establishing the citation form in monolingual dictionaries of idioms.
Frazeološkom rječniku hrvatskoga jezika koji je u izradi, a utemeljen je na podacima
iz računalnoga korpusa hrWaC. U tome se rječniku varijante različitih vrsta (leksičke,
tvorbene i sintaktičke) bilježe u istoj natuknici jer imaju zajedničku konceptualnu osnovu.
To odražava kognitivnolingvistički pristup frazemima, u kojem se varijante promatraju
kao jezične manifestacije različitih konceptualizacija iste situacije, a među kojima zbog
toga mogu postojati razlike u leksičkom sastavu, strukturi, značenju i upotrebi. Također,
varijantni oblici istoga frazema mogu se razlikovati po stupnju konvencionaliziranosti, pa
se redoslijed njihova navođenja u tome e-rječniku temelji na frekvenciji upotrebe prema
podacima iz hrWaC-a. Takva leksikografska obrada frazeološke varijantnosti odražava
stvarnu upotrebu, a korisnici dobivaju potpunu i preciznu informaciju o različitim oblicima
frazema i njihovim značenjima u suvremenome hrvatskome jeziku.
Cilj je ovoga rada na temelju korpusnog istraživanja frazema s promjenjivom glagolskom sastavnicom pokazati da je broj varijanata ograničen, što nije vidljivo iz kratica poput i sl. Također, cilj nam je pokazati da izbor zamjenskih sastavnica nije posve slobodan, već se oslanja na konceptualna ograničenja, a to je važno za njihovu leksikografsku obradu.