This article discusses the current problems and issues associated with the implementation of a Na... more This article discusses the current problems and issues associated with the implementation of a National System of Marine Protected Areas in Brazil. MPA managers and higher governmental level authorities were interviewed about their perceptions of the implementation of a national MPA strategy and the recent changes in the institutional arrangement of government marine conservation agencies. Interviewees' narratives were generally pessimistic and the National System was perceived as weak, with few recognizable marine conservation outcomes on the ground. The following major flaws were identified: poor inter-institutional coordination of coastal and ocean governance; institutional crisis faced by the national government marine conservation agency; poor management within individual MPAs; problems with regional networks of marine protected areas; an overly bureaucratic management and administrative system; financial shortages creating structural problems and a disconnect between MPA policy and its delivery. Furthermore, a lack of professional motivation and a pessimistic atmosphere was encountered during many interviews, a malaise which we believe affects how the entire system is able to respond to crises. Our findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the role of `leadership' in the performance of socio-ecological systems (such as MPA networks), more effective official evaluation mechanisms, more localized audits of (and reforms if necessary to) Brazil's federal biodiversity conservation agency (ICMBio), and the need for political measures to promote state leadership and support. Continuing to focus on the designation of more MPAs whilst not fully addressing these issues will achieve little beyond fulfilling, on paper, Brazil's international marine biodiversity commitments.
This article discusses the current problems and issues associated with the implementation of a Na... more This article discusses the current problems and issues associated with the implementation of a National System of Marine Protected Areas in Brazil. MPA managers and higher governmental level authorities were interviewed about their perceptions of the implementation of a national MPA strategy and the recent changes in the institutional arrangement of government marine conservation agencies. Interviewees’ narratives were generally pessimistic and the National System was perceived as weak, with few recognizable marine conservation outcomes on the ground. The following major flaws were identified: poor inter-institutional coordination of coastal and ocean governance; institutional crisis faced by the national government marine conservation agency; poor management within individual MPAs; problems with regional networks of marine protected areas; an overly bureaucratic management and administrative system; financial shortages creating structural problems and a disconnect between MPA policy and its delivery. Furthermore, a lack of professional motivation and a pessimistic atmosphere was encountered during many interviews, a malaise which we believe affects how the entire system is able to respond to crises. Our findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the role of ‘leadership’ in the performance of socio-ecological systems (such as MPA networks), more effective official evaluation mechanisms, more localized audits of (and reforms if necessary to) Brazil’s federal biodiversity conservation agency (ICMBio), and the need for political measures to promote state leadership and support. Continuing to focus on the designation of more MPAs whilst not fully addressing these issues will achieve little beyond fulfilling, on paper, Brazil’s international marine biodiversity commitments.
The decline of populations of certain seabirds and sea turtles around the world is partly related... more The decline of populations of certain seabirds and sea turtles around the world is partly related to their incidental capture in large-scale fisheries. However, the impacts of small-scale fisheries on endangered seabirds and sea turtles, being carried out in many places around the world, have been largely neglected by scientists and governments. We monitored 178 fishing days and described a range of poorly known hook-and-line commercial fisheries carried out by the Itaipava fleet, southeastern Brazil, composed by 497 vessels and deploying hooks from 18 • S to 35 • S. Seven fisheries were defined: fast trolling for tuna and tuna-like species, slow trolling for Bigeye tuna, handlining, surface longline for Dolphinfish, pelagic longline for Swordfish, bottom dropline, and pole-and-line with live bait. We observed bycatch of 47 seabirds of six species and 45 turtles of four species. Capture rates were higher for the surface longline for Dolphinfish (0.15 birds/1000 hooks and 1.08 turtles/1000 hooks), slow trolling for Bigeye tuna (0.41 birds/day) and handlining targeting Yellowfin tuna (0.61 birds/day). Endangered Spectacled petrel (Procellaria conspicillata), Atlantic Yellow-nosed (Thalassarche chlororhynchos), and Black-browed (T. melanophris) albatrosses were the main seabirds caught. Immature Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and immature or adult Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) were the main sea turtles affected by the surface longline for Dolphinfish. Monitoring the fleet and bycatch levels, development of mitigation measures, establishment of educational programs, government control over the fleet, and enforcement, are urgently required for the hook-and-line fisheries described in the present study.
Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom, 2008
li i-lan tic) by Brazilian comtnercial pelagic longliners targeting slvor~f~<;h, tuna and shark. ... more li i-lan tic) by Brazilian comtnercial pelagic longliners targeting slvor~f~<;h, tuna and shark. . . >;, _Data 'vI/ere obtained h.V on-board observersj~1r 3 JI trips carried out in 2001 ---2005, totalling 738.5 sets and 11,348,069 hooks. A total of1386 sea turtles were incidentally captured in thejive years (,ome of them 1-1/ere considered dead at capture); 789 loggerheads (Caretta caretta), 341 leatherbacks (Dermoche1ys coriacea), 45 green turtles (Chelonia mydas), 81 olive ridleys (Lepidocbelys olivacea) and 130 of unknown species. Taking into account the distribution of thefishing ejlott in the study area and the incidental catch (~fsea turtles} four regions vl/cre highlighted j(Jr the analyses: Zone 1 is located ojf the northem Brazilian coast; Zone 2 is located oji the central Brazilian coast; Zone 3
Surface pelagic longline is one of the gears most used in the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), tuna (... more Surface pelagic longline is one of the gears most used in the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), tuna (Thunnus sp.) and shark fisheries. The interaction of this gear with marine turtles has been proven in various studies in all the oceans worldwide. This study analyzes the data collected from 2,077 sets by on-board observers between 1998 and 2004, from the pelagic longline fleets of Brazil and Uruguay that fish in the Atlantic Ocean. There were 3,149,638 hooks observed, from 5ºN to 38ºS where 1,128 Caretta caretta, 259 Dermochelys coriacea, 29 Lepidochelys olivacea and 28 Chelonia mydas were caught. From the catches of Caretta caretta, the species which was most caught, areas of greater relative abundancy for this species could be determined in latitudes above 28ºS. The vessel captains' knowledge of the time-area distribution patterns are basic for the management and conservation of marine turtles.
Among the five species of sea turtles occurring in the Southwestern Atlantic, Caretta caretta and... more Among the five species of sea turtles occurring in the Southwestern Atlantic, Caretta caretta and Dermochelys coriacea have been reported to be the ones that show greater interaction with the longline fishery. Since 2003, when the Occidental South Atlantic Sea Turtles Specialists Group was created (ASO network), Brazil and Uruguay have adopted a trans-boundary integrated approach in the sea turtles bycatch analyzes in this area The present study shows data from the longline fishery collected by onboard observers between January 2005 and July 2007, in the fishing area common to both countries (below latitude 19ºS). During the study, 2.614 sets were monitored, corresponding to a total effort of 3.730.655 hooks. The greatest fishing effort occurred during the summer (35,92%), followed by fall (30,25%), winter (20,85%) and spring (12,98%). During the summer the fleet fished mainly around the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, whereas in the winter the fishery was mainly focused in the Continental slope between 24ºS e 36º 30'S. In total, 2.277 sea turtles were captured, 1.965 were loggerhead turtles and 312 were leatherback turtles. The higher CPUEs for loggerheads were registered during fall (0,7453 turtles/1.000 hooks) and during the winter (0,6980 turtles/1.000 hooks), and for leatherback turtles the CPUEs were higher during the winter (0,1208 turtles /1.000 hooks) and spring (0,1610 turtles/1.000 hooks). The sea surface temperature (SST) was registered during most of the sets (n = 2.214). Most of the loggerhead captures (n=1664) occurred between 19ºC e 23ºC , and most of the leatherback captures (n = 262) occurred between 21ºC e 25ºC (n=149). From the total catch, 1.730 C. caretta and 24 D. coriacea were measured and the majority of the loggerhead turtles were found to be young individuals (mean CLC= 58,9 cm), whereas the leatherback turtles were mostly adults (mean CLC= 132,45 cm). Considering that sea turtles are highly migratory animals, the transboundary integrated approach to by-catch data analysis is of great relevance to better understand the distribution of these animals, and therefore to promote actions that may contribute for the continuous monitoring of these areas, as well as for developing mitigation measures and to follow the indicators of the effective reduction of sea turtles by-catch by the longline fishery.
Throughout the world the incidental catch and mortality of sea turtles in pelagic longline repres... more Throughout the world the incidental catch and mortality of sea turtles in pelagic longline represents a serious threat for these stocks. This problem has received more attention in recent years due to the current state of conservation of these species. This paper analyzes the information obtained between 1998 and 2005 from 1,729 sets carried out by observers on board the Brazilian and Uruguayan pelagic longline fleets that fish in the Atlantic Ocean. Observations were made of 2,643,851 hooks set, from 28ºS to 38ºS, where 1,693 Caretta caretta and 238 Dermochelys coriacea were caught. For C. caretta higher CPUE values were observed between 32º and 36ºS and between 41-53ºW and 29-33ºW. A seasonal increase was observed in the number of catches of this species in the summer and autumn months. D. coriacea showed higher CPUE values in the area close to the slope (41-53ºW), and higher catches were observed between May and August. Biometric data of individuals caught were collected when posible. The majority of the C. caretta turtles were mature individuals (average= 57.1 cm) and in the case of D. coriacea a predominance of adults was noted (average= 151.2 cm).
The population abundance estimates used in stock assessments or required to establish management ... more The population abundance estimates used in stock assessments or required to establish management measures, depend on the sampling of the entire demographic spectrum of a population resident in a given area. However, for sea turtles, most population estimates are based mainly on nesting beach survey data and only consider a fraction of the population. The Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWA) is an important foraging and development area for juveniles of the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta where reproductive stocks from various nesting beaches mix. Declines in C. caretta populations have been observed in many parts of the world and bycatch rates of this species in the SWA are among the highest worldwide. This study standardizes the catch rates of loggerheads caught by pelagic longline fisheries in the region, using data collected by observer programs from Brazil and Uruguay. Generalized linear models (GLM) with a delta lognormal approximation were used. The variables used in the model take into account spatial and temporal variations as well as the characteristics of the fleet. In total, 6 272 344 hooks were observed between 1998 and 2007, with minimum effort registered in 2000 (12 010 hooks) and maximum effort in 2005 (1 989 431 hooks). During this period 3778 loggerheads were incidentally captured. The catch rates of loggerheads by the Uruguayan and Brazilian pelagic longline fisheries show oscillations through the years without a clear tendency; however, a low negative trend was observed from 1998 to 2005 with an increase in the last two years (2006 and 2007). The capture per unit of effort (CPUE) values varied between 0.38 to 1.78 ind/1000 hooks in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Distinct zones with differential catch rates were identified, with the higher CPUE values over the continental slope of Uruguay and adjacent waters. The incidental catch rates of this species are influenced, not only by fishing area, but also by year, season, sea surface temperature and gear type. In consequence, these variables and other potential ones should be considered in bycatch estimates by different fisheries because the loggerhead sea turtles are not uniformly distributed. This study intends to contribute not only to the general knowledge of loggerhead sea turtles in the SWA but to a future assessment of their populations at a global scale.
O presente texto é fruto tanto de demandas acadêmicas do Departamento de Antropologia da Universi... more O presente texto é fruto tanto de demandas acadêmicas do Departamento de Antropologia da Universidade de Brasília, quanto da proximidade acidental que tive do tema, condições que limitaram-no a apenas um exercício do "olhar antropológico" sobre as percepções que tive de instituições públicas, pertencentes ao mesmo Estado, que ao serem analisadas em um episódio específico obtêm posicionamentos distintos gerando assim o conflito. Neste sentido, não pretendo sequer discutir a razão e a legitimidade como premissas básicas para uma análise de mérito e uma possível solução do conflito, mas sim provocar questionamentos referentes a: que entes são estes e como podem articular-se como Estado "monolítico" e "coeso"? Como o conflito articula as instituições intra-estado? Qual o verdadeiro papel da instituição mediadora? E como a ideologia das equipes envolvidas na disputa é inserida nas questões institucionais? Estas são questões que não pretendo concluir agora, uma vez que o limite do texto é o exercício, mas ao enfocá-las, espero compartilhar sementes no árduo e fértil campo da reflexão com os colegas aqui presentes.
O presente texto é fruto tanto de demandas acadêmicas do Departamento de Antropologia da Universi... more O presente texto é fruto tanto de demandas acadêmicas do Departamento de Antropologia da Universidade de Brasília, quanto da proximidade acidental que tive do tema, condições que limitaram-no a apenas um exercício do "olhar antropológico" sobre as percepções que tive de instituições públicas, pertencentes ao mesmo Estado, que ao serem analisadas em um episódio específico obtêm posicionamentos distintos gerando assim o conflito. Neste sentido, não pretendo sequer discutir a razão e a legitimidade como premissas básicas para uma análise de mérito e uma possível solução do conflito, mas sim provocar questionamentos referentes a: que entes são estes e como podem articular-se como Estado "monolítico" e "coeso"? Como o conflito articula as instituições intra-estado? Qual o verdadeiro papel da instituição mediadora? E como a ideologia das equipes envolvidas na disputa é inserida nas questões institucionais? Estas são questões que não pretendo concluir agora, uma vez que o limite do texto é o exercício, mas ao enfocá-las, espero compartilhar sementes no árduo e fértil campo da reflexão com os colegas aqui presentes.
This article discusses the current problems and issues associated with the implementation of a Na... more This article discusses the current problems and issues associated with the implementation of a National System of Marine Protected Areas in Brazil. MPA managers and higher governmental level authorities were interviewed about their perceptions of the implementation of a national MPA strategy and the recent changes in the institutional arrangement of government marine conservation agencies. Interviewees' narratives were generally pessimistic and the National System was perceived as weak, with few recognizable marine conservation outcomes on the ground. The following major flaws were identified: poor inter-institutional coordination of coastal and ocean governance; institutional crisis faced by the national government marine conservation agency; poor management within individual MPAs; problems with regional networks of marine protected areas; an overly bureaucratic management and administrative system; financial shortages creating structural problems and a disconnect between MPA policy and its delivery. Furthermore, a lack of professional motivation and a pessimistic atmosphere was encountered during many interviews, a malaise which we believe affects how the entire system is able to respond to crises. Our findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the role of `leadership' in the performance of socio-ecological systems (such as MPA networks), more effective official evaluation mechanisms, more localized audits of (and reforms if necessary to) Brazil's federal biodiversity conservation agency (ICMBio), and the need for political measures to promote state leadership and support. Continuing to focus on the designation of more MPAs whilst not fully addressing these issues will achieve little beyond fulfilling, on paper, Brazil's international marine biodiversity commitments.
This article discusses the current problems and issues associated with the implementation of a Na... more This article discusses the current problems and issues associated with the implementation of a National System of Marine Protected Areas in Brazil. MPA managers and higher governmental level authorities were interviewed about their perceptions of the implementation of a national MPA strategy and the recent changes in the institutional arrangement of government marine conservation agencies. Interviewees’ narratives were generally pessimistic and the National System was perceived as weak, with few recognizable marine conservation outcomes on the ground. The following major flaws were identified: poor inter-institutional coordination of coastal and ocean governance; institutional crisis faced by the national government marine conservation agency; poor management within individual MPAs; problems with regional networks of marine protected areas; an overly bureaucratic management and administrative system; financial shortages creating structural problems and a disconnect between MPA policy and its delivery. Furthermore, a lack of professional motivation and a pessimistic atmosphere was encountered during many interviews, a malaise which we believe affects how the entire system is able to respond to crises. Our findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the role of ‘leadership’ in the performance of socio-ecological systems (such as MPA networks), more effective official evaluation mechanisms, more localized audits of (and reforms if necessary to) Brazil’s federal biodiversity conservation agency (ICMBio), and the need for political measures to promote state leadership and support. Continuing to focus on the designation of more MPAs whilst not fully addressing these issues will achieve little beyond fulfilling, on paper, Brazil’s international marine biodiversity commitments.
The decline of populations of certain seabirds and sea turtles around the world is partly related... more The decline of populations of certain seabirds and sea turtles around the world is partly related to their incidental capture in large-scale fisheries. However, the impacts of small-scale fisheries on endangered seabirds and sea turtles, being carried out in many places around the world, have been largely neglected by scientists and governments. We monitored 178 fishing days and described a range of poorly known hook-and-line commercial fisheries carried out by the Itaipava fleet, southeastern Brazil, composed by 497 vessels and deploying hooks from 18 • S to 35 • S. Seven fisheries were defined: fast trolling for tuna and tuna-like species, slow trolling for Bigeye tuna, handlining, surface longline for Dolphinfish, pelagic longline for Swordfish, bottom dropline, and pole-and-line with live bait. We observed bycatch of 47 seabirds of six species and 45 turtles of four species. Capture rates were higher for the surface longline for Dolphinfish (0.15 birds/1000 hooks and 1.08 turtles/1000 hooks), slow trolling for Bigeye tuna (0.41 birds/day) and handlining targeting Yellowfin tuna (0.61 birds/day). Endangered Spectacled petrel (Procellaria conspicillata), Atlantic Yellow-nosed (Thalassarche chlororhynchos), and Black-browed (T. melanophris) albatrosses were the main seabirds caught. Immature Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and immature or adult Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) were the main sea turtles affected by the surface longline for Dolphinfish. Monitoring the fleet and bycatch levels, development of mitigation measures, establishment of educational programs, government control over the fleet, and enforcement, are urgently required for the hook-and-line fisheries described in the present study.
Journal of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kingdom, 2008
li i-lan tic) by Brazilian comtnercial pelagic longliners targeting slvor~f~<;h, tuna and shark. ... more li i-lan tic) by Brazilian comtnercial pelagic longliners targeting slvor~f~<;h, tuna and shark. . . >;, _Data 'vI/ere obtained h.V on-board observersj~1r 3 JI trips carried out in 2001 ---2005, totalling 738.5 sets and 11,348,069 hooks. A total of1386 sea turtles were incidentally captured in thejive years (,ome of them 1-1/ere considered dead at capture); 789 loggerheads (Caretta caretta), 341 leatherbacks (Dermoche1ys coriacea), 45 green turtles (Chelonia mydas), 81 olive ridleys (Lepidocbelys olivacea) and 130 of unknown species. Taking into account the distribution of thefishing ejlott in the study area and the incidental catch (~fsea turtles} four regions vl/cre highlighted j(Jr the analyses: Zone 1 is located ojf the northem Brazilian coast; Zone 2 is located oji the central Brazilian coast; Zone 3
Surface pelagic longline is one of the gears most used in the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), tuna (... more Surface pelagic longline is one of the gears most used in the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), tuna (Thunnus sp.) and shark fisheries. The interaction of this gear with marine turtles has been proven in various studies in all the oceans worldwide. This study analyzes the data collected from 2,077 sets by on-board observers between 1998 and 2004, from the pelagic longline fleets of Brazil and Uruguay that fish in the Atlantic Ocean. There were 3,149,638 hooks observed, from 5ºN to 38ºS where 1,128 Caretta caretta, 259 Dermochelys coriacea, 29 Lepidochelys olivacea and 28 Chelonia mydas were caught. From the catches of Caretta caretta, the species which was most caught, areas of greater relative abundancy for this species could be determined in latitudes above 28ºS. The vessel captains' knowledge of the time-area distribution patterns are basic for the management and conservation of marine turtles.
Among the five species of sea turtles occurring in the Southwestern Atlantic, Caretta caretta and... more Among the five species of sea turtles occurring in the Southwestern Atlantic, Caretta caretta and Dermochelys coriacea have been reported to be the ones that show greater interaction with the longline fishery. Since 2003, when the Occidental South Atlantic Sea Turtles Specialists Group was created (ASO network), Brazil and Uruguay have adopted a trans-boundary integrated approach in the sea turtles bycatch analyzes in this area The present study shows data from the longline fishery collected by onboard observers between January 2005 and July 2007, in the fishing area common to both countries (below latitude 19ºS). During the study, 2.614 sets were monitored, corresponding to a total effort of 3.730.655 hooks. The greatest fishing effort occurred during the summer (35,92%), followed by fall (30,25%), winter (20,85%) and spring (12,98%). During the summer the fleet fished mainly around the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, whereas in the winter the fishery was mainly focused in the Continental slope between 24ºS e 36º 30'S. In total, 2.277 sea turtles were captured, 1.965 were loggerhead turtles and 312 were leatherback turtles. The higher CPUEs for loggerheads were registered during fall (0,7453 turtles/1.000 hooks) and during the winter (0,6980 turtles/1.000 hooks), and for leatherback turtles the CPUEs were higher during the winter (0,1208 turtles /1.000 hooks) and spring (0,1610 turtles/1.000 hooks). The sea surface temperature (SST) was registered during most of the sets (n = 2.214). Most of the loggerhead captures (n=1664) occurred between 19ºC e 23ºC , and most of the leatherback captures (n = 262) occurred between 21ºC e 25ºC (n=149). From the total catch, 1.730 C. caretta and 24 D. coriacea were measured and the majority of the loggerhead turtles were found to be young individuals (mean CLC= 58,9 cm), whereas the leatherback turtles were mostly adults (mean CLC= 132,45 cm). Considering that sea turtles are highly migratory animals, the transboundary integrated approach to by-catch data analysis is of great relevance to better understand the distribution of these animals, and therefore to promote actions that may contribute for the continuous monitoring of these areas, as well as for developing mitigation measures and to follow the indicators of the effective reduction of sea turtles by-catch by the longline fishery.
Throughout the world the incidental catch and mortality of sea turtles in pelagic longline repres... more Throughout the world the incidental catch and mortality of sea turtles in pelagic longline represents a serious threat for these stocks. This problem has received more attention in recent years due to the current state of conservation of these species. This paper analyzes the information obtained between 1998 and 2005 from 1,729 sets carried out by observers on board the Brazilian and Uruguayan pelagic longline fleets that fish in the Atlantic Ocean. Observations were made of 2,643,851 hooks set, from 28ºS to 38ºS, where 1,693 Caretta caretta and 238 Dermochelys coriacea were caught. For C. caretta higher CPUE values were observed between 32º and 36ºS and between 41-53ºW and 29-33ºW. A seasonal increase was observed in the number of catches of this species in the summer and autumn months. D. coriacea showed higher CPUE values in the area close to the slope (41-53ºW), and higher catches were observed between May and August. Biometric data of individuals caught were collected when posible. The majority of the C. caretta turtles were mature individuals (average= 57.1 cm) and in the case of D. coriacea a predominance of adults was noted (average= 151.2 cm).
The population abundance estimates used in stock assessments or required to establish management ... more The population abundance estimates used in stock assessments or required to establish management measures, depend on the sampling of the entire demographic spectrum of a population resident in a given area. However, for sea turtles, most population estimates are based mainly on nesting beach survey data and only consider a fraction of the population. The Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWA) is an important foraging and development area for juveniles of the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta where reproductive stocks from various nesting beaches mix. Declines in C. caretta populations have been observed in many parts of the world and bycatch rates of this species in the SWA are among the highest worldwide. This study standardizes the catch rates of loggerheads caught by pelagic longline fisheries in the region, using data collected by observer programs from Brazil and Uruguay. Generalized linear models (GLM) with a delta lognormal approximation were used. The variables used in the model take into account spatial and temporal variations as well as the characteristics of the fleet. In total, 6 272 344 hooks were observed between 1998 and 2007, with minimum effort registered in 2000 (12 010 hooks) and maximum effort in 2005 (1 989 431 hooks). During this period 3778 loggerheads were incidentally captured. The catch rates of loggerheads by the Uruguayan and Brazilian pelagic longline fisheries show oscillations through the years without a clear tendency; however, a low negative trend was observed from 1998 to 2005 with an increase in the last two years (2006 and 2007). The capture per unit of effort (CPUE) values varied between 0.38 to 1.78 ind/1000 hooks in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Distinct zones with differential catch rates were identified, with the higher CPUE values over the continental slope of Uruguay and adjacent waters. The incidental catch rates of this species are influenced, not only by fishing area, but also by year, season, sea surface temperature and gear type. In consequence, these variables and other potential ones should be considered in bycatch estimates by different fisheries because the loggerhead sea turtles are not uniformly distributed. This study intends to contribute not only to the general knowledge of loggerhead sea turtles in the SWA but to a future assessment of their populations at a global scale.
O presente texto é fruto tanto de demandas acadêmicas do Departamento de Antropologia da Universi... more O presente texto é fruto tanto de demandas acadêmicas do Departamento de Antropologia da Universidade de Brasília, quanto da proximidade acidental que tive do tema, condições que limitaram-no a apenas um exercício do "olhar antropológico" sobre as percepções que tive de instituições públicas, pertencentes ao mesmo Estado, que ao serem analisadas em um episódio específico obtêm posicionamentos distintos gerando assim o conflito. Neste sentido, não pretendo sequer discutir a razão e a legitimidade como premissas básicas para uma análise de mérito e uma possível solução do conflito, mas sim provocar questionamentos referentes a: que entes são estes e como podem articular-se como Estado "monolítico" e "coeso"? Como o conflito articula as instituições intra-estado? Qual o verdadeiro papel da instituição mediadora? E como a ideologia das equipes envolvidas na disputa é inserida nas questões institucionais? Estas são questões que não pretendo concluir agora, uma vez que o limite do texto é o exercício, mas ao enfocá-las, espero compartilhar sementes no árduo e fértil campo da reflexão com os colegas aqui presentes.
O presente texto é fruto tanto de demandas acadêmicas do Departamento de Antropologia da Universi... more O presente texto é fruto tanto de demandas acadêmicas do Departamento de Antropologia da Universidade de Brasília, quanto da proximidade acidental que tive do tema, condições que limitaram-no a apenas um exercício do "olhar antropológico" sobre as percepções que tive de instituições públicas, pertencentes ao mesmo Estado, que ao serem analisadas em um episódio específico obtêm posicionamentos distintos gerando assim o conflito. Neste sentido, não pretendo sequer discutir a razão e a legitimidade como premissas básicas para uma análise de mérito e uma possível solução do conflito, mas sim provocar questionamentos referentes a: que entes são estes e como podem articular-se como Estado "monolítico" e "coeso"? Como o conflito articula as instituições intra-estado? Qual o verdadeiro papel da instituição mediadora? E como a ideologia das equipes envolvidas na disputa é inserida nas questões institucionais? Estas são questões que não pretendo concluir agora, uma vez que o limite do texto é o exercício, mas ao enfocá-las, espero compartilhar sementes no árduo e fértil campo da reflexão com os colegas aqui presentes.
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