Professora Adjunta do Departamento de Sociologia e Ciência Política da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e coordenadora do Laboratório de Sociologia do Trabalho (LASTRO) da UFSC. Doutora em Ciências Sociais pela Universidade de Campinas - UNICAMP (2019), com a tese intitulada "O gênero do trabalho operário: condições de trabalho, divisão sexual e práticas sociais em indústrias metalúrgicas dos segmentos automotivo e eletroeletrônico" (financiamento do CNPq). Estágio de pesquisa (doutorado sanduíche) realizado no Centre de Recherches Sociologiques et Politiques de Paris, equipe Genre, Travail, Mobilités (CRESPPA, GTM, 2017). Mestre em Sociologia pela Universidade de São Paulo - USP (2014) na área de concentração Sociologia do Trabalho. Graduada como bacharel e licenciada em Ciências Sociais pelo Centro Universitário Fundação Santo André (2007). Trabalha com temas relativos às áreas sociologia do trabalho e relações sociais de gênero e tem publicações nestas áreas.
Address: Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Address: Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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In this article, we departure from four different concrete work modalities: work in the metallurgical industry, in the clothing industry, in restaurant kitchens, and in the collecting recyclable materials work, to highlight the sexual division of labor, as the sociologists of labor, feminist materialists, Helena Hirata and Danièle Kergoat, understand it: as the material basis expression of gender relations in capitalist society, governed by the principles of separation and hierarchy, which organize the social division of labor between genders and unevenly distribute productive, domestic and care work. With that, we reaffirm this conception of sexual division of labor as a current methodological reading key, as a plastic and comparative feature.
In this article, we departure from four different concrete work modalities: work in the metallurgical industry, in the clothing industry, in restaurant kitchens, and in the collecting recyclable materials work, to highlight the sexual division of labor, as the sociologists of labor, feminist materialists, Helena Hirata and Danièle Kergoat, understand it: as the material basis expression of gender relations in capitalist society, governed by the principles of separation and hierarchy, which organize the social division of labor between genders and unevenly distribute productive, domestic and care work. With that, we reaffirm this conception of sexual division of labor as a current methodological reading key, as a plastic and comparative feature.
The manufacturing flexibility processes together with technological and organizational changes in companies, which have occurred in Brazil under the aegis of the capitalist productive restructuring since 1980 and with special emphasis in 1990, are observed in this study in light of the sexual division of labour issues, taking the electrical & electronic field to be analysed, which has the highest proportion of women in the metallurgical industry. The research is built on the gender-awareness issues as knowledge object in the analysis of the working class, seeking to contribute to the sociology of work with a gendered empirical and theoretical reflection on work, thus justifying the need to recognize the gendered composition of the working class and claiming the inseparability of gender and class dimensions. Based on the sectorial study focused on two transnational electrical & electronic industries of the telecommunication and computer field, whose plots analysed are located in cities in the countryside of São Paulo State, characteristics of labour process were identified and analysed in various productive sectors of the companies. These companies have manufactured in Brazil - one since the 90s and the other since 2000 telephones, cellphones, tablets, monitors, laptops, among other pieces of equipment, and employed mostly women. Focused on the labour process, the research sought to investigate contemporary forms of work organization (flexible or rigid) in the electrical & electronic industry and their resultant working conditions, especially towards the female workers. Such conditions exist in an environment with internal and external flexibility of the productive process. However, these conditions would maintain strict management mechanisms such as predetermined tasks, strict time management, breaks and cadence and pressure to reach targets, methods which prevail in the Taylorized occupations which are often female occupations as well. Thus, the criteria and the forms presented to the sexual division within the labor process were analysed in various sectors of both factories, covering historical continuities and changes in this division, as well as specificities over the control and the qualification of female labour. Elements of subjectivity and the social significance of labour for the female workers were investigated, as well as the social practises that derive from their condition of gendered subjects, generated in social relations of sex/gender and class, in and out of the factory. Through semi-structured interviews with both female and male workers and trade union leaders, representatives of the workers from both companies, the study sought to understand to which extent the forms of productive organization and the sexual division of labour identified in the electrical & electronic industry influence on the reproduction of the social relations of class and gender and / or on the possibility of their transformation.