Department of Anthropology

Among the millions of Brazilians who currently live abroad, nearly 5 thousand play football at the world's top clubs. This article uses an anthropological perspective to analyze the migration of these Brazilian players with successful careers, seeking to understand the characteristics of this particular global circulation of people and money, which has enormous impact on the mediascape (Appadurai, 1990): of all "exports". Of all Brazilian emigrations now underway, that of football players has the greatest symbolic impact, both in Brazil and abroad. Like the "brain drain" caused by the emigration of scientists, this is a case of "fleeting feet". I look at the plans, consumption and lifestyle of these players based on ethnographic data gathered in Seville, Spain and Eindhoven, Holland, and from discussions with more than 40 Brazilian players living or trying to live in foreign countries. The contacts were conducted in Toronto, Canada; Almelo, Groningen, Alkmaar, Rotterdam, and Amsterdam Holland, Tokyo, Japan; Lyon, Le Mans, Nancy and Lille France, Monaco; Charleroi, Belgium and in Fortaleza, Salvador and Belem, Brazil. I explore the intersections of age, social origin and religion and found that many of the players were the youngest siblings in their families. The large majority are poor and attend evangelical churches. I also found that these immigrant athletes are increasingly younger. I conclude that the constant exchange of employer (club or global club), of countries and the large number of "repatriots", characterize this migratory movement as a circulation. It is what the players call the "rotation", seen positively as an opportunity for experience. This circulation takes place in protected zones, where a banal nationalism (Billig, 1995) is constantly activated. Even after obtaining legal citizenship, they continue to be seen and perceive themselves as foreigners. Nationalization thus has a strategic purpose (Sassen, 2008). I conclude that they cross geographic borders without entering the countries, because their borders are the clubs and not the countries.

This is a study of the ethnic and racial representations found in contemporary Brazilian television, newspaper and magazine advertising. The paper focuses in particular on advertising associated with the World Cup Soccer championships of 1994 and 1998 because they were moments when advertising worked with the idea of the "nation" placing the Brazilian "people" in scene. The appeal to nationalist sentiments wound up reflecting some cultural stereotypes disseminated in Brazil and especially those that concern the formation of the Brazilian "people", seen as the harmonic sum of the white and black races which when mixed, produce the mulatta (a stereotype of physical beauty) and the mulatto (a stereotype of physical and mental ability, of the malandro). The research found, however, that the prevailing ideology is still that of a racial democracy as developed by Gilberto Freyre, to oppose the racist theories of the 19 th century (Gobineau) and the beginning of the 20 th century (Nina Rodrigues) while the imaginary of the advertising does not incorporate the later criticisms of the socalled myth of the three races (Fernandes; Da Matta). However, the research also found that 1994 was a key year in the change of racial and ethnic representation of the black in Brazilian media. Stimulated by a number of factors including the active AfroBrazilian movement, the growing promotion of ideas favorable to an "affirmative active" policy as in the United States, and by the growth of noninstitutional organizations such as those that meet around funk and rap in the south and axé music in the northeast, AfricanBrazilians have come to pay attention to the way in which the media represents them and to act to transform their social stereotypes. This study begins with the obligatory supposition that advertising has a heuristic importance as a way of studying social imaginaries since what is understood., considered and assumed is that the advertising texts are not only the result of absolute choice but also correspond to the collective imaginary. In other words, advertising texts are expressions of social/axiological values more than absolutely individual "creations". In this way, social imaginaries are reflected (and produced) by advertising images.

Resumo: Através da análise de imagens publicitárias das grandes cadeias de fastfood, reflete-se sobre as características das imagens contemporâneas interrogandose sobre a possibilidade de significados ocultos ou se, como querem alguns, nelas a profundidade foi substituída pela superfície, descartando interpretações. Aponta-se para a centralidade da imagem na contemporaneidade, seu movimento de globalização, e a importância de uma antropologia do visual que atente para os artefatos produzidos pelo video-scape.

This article addresses one of the great issues about which global media remains silent: the rape of Muslim women by U.S. soldiers in Iraq. Contemporary mediascape is prolix. But some silences remain, such as the issue of rape during war. With an anthropological approach to the meaning of war and through the analysis of images, the article focuses on the participation of women in this male space.

Brazil has turned from being a country of immigrants into becoming another of emigrants. Soccer-players currently performing in countries overseas (such as Spain) can be so regarded. Admittedly, they belong in a separate category -that of specialistsand work for important companies of the world market in exhange for handsome salaries. Yet the special status that these emigrants hold is also due to the enormous impact they make on the national and global imagination, by their renown integration in world soccer as well as their asserted identities as Brazilians.

This article is about the relationship between football and religion. It focuses on the recent proliferation of neo-Pentecostalism among Brazilian football players living abroad and the importance of religion in their daily lives. Serving as a civilizing device that promotes better insertion of individuals in modern institutions, neo-Pentecostalism promotes voluntary obedience, selfcontrol, self-awareness and reflexivity, by encouraging the conscious and constant monitoring of the individual over the body and emotions. This self-discipline has a limit, and the Theology of Prosperity offers conciliation between asceticism and material consumption. Football provides religion a large stage for its preaching, allowing it to reach billions of homes. The athletes become "selfless soldiers of the Word," who demonstrate the faith globally and disseminate banal religion through the mediascape.

Resumé Cet article focalise, dans le contexte de la Reforme Psychiatrique brésilienne, l'articulation et les tensions entre politiques publiques et sociales par rapport à la santé mentale, dun côté, et les expériences sociales dans ce domaine, de lautre, surtout par rapport aux questions de genre et de biopolitique. Nous partons dune refléxion critique des études anthropologiques dans le domaine de la santé au Brésil, dune contextualisation de la reforme psychiatrique et de lexpansion des domaines daction de la biomédecine et de l ...