Baltazar Macaiba Sousa

UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Ciências Sociais do CCAE, Associate Professor

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Doutor em Sociologia pela Universidade Federal do Ceará (2006), Mestre em Ciências Sociais (Sociologia)
pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (1995) e Graduação em História pela Universidade Federal do
Rio Grande do Norte (1990).Foi professor do Departamento de Sociologia e Antropologia (DESOC) da
Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) de 1997 a 2010. Atualmente é professor Associado IV do
Departamento de Ciências Sociais (DCS) do Centro de Ciências Aplicadas e Educação (CCAE) da Universidade
Federal da Paraíba - UFPB. Tem experiência na área de Sociologia, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas:
sociologia politica, filosofia política, sociologia da religião, movimentos sociais, campesinato, sindicalismo e
sociologia da educação.
Supervisors: Advisor

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Rachmatika Lestari

Universitas Teuku Umar

Carmina Shapiro

Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) Argentina

Miguel Mattos Chaves - PhD

Diana Fatkić

International University of Sarajevo

UONEDU Association of Online Educators

Minela Kerla

University of Sarajevo

Asep Ardianto

Lampung University

Patricio Claus

Universidad de Buenos Aires

Kenny Martinez

ROSANNA ORTU

Università di Sassari

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Papers by Baltazar Macaiba Sousa

FOUCAULT: O SUJEITO MORAL E OS JOGOS DE VERDADE

Anais Primeiro Encontro de Estudos Foucaultianos, 2014

Abstract: The text deals with the moral subject and the games of truth in Foucault, postulating t... more Abstract: The text deals with the moral subject and the games of truth in Foucault, postulating that the subject is historical - produced in his own history and by the history that permeates him through what he called a "history of truth." The Foucaultian perception is that the subjects are constituted by the games of truth that are the set of rules for producing the truth and changes in the rules that produce this truth. The games of truth reside in the institution and destitution of the truth through practices. It is the set of procedures by which the truth is instituted and removed by the subjects through practices, that is, it is not given to the subject by a simple act of knowledge. Therefore, the truth is capable of transfiguring the subject and is only given to him under the condition of putting at stake the very being of the subject while taking care of himself.

Keywords: subject, real games, practices.

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THE FIRST LAND OCCUPATIONS PRACTICED BY THE LANDLESS RURAL WORKERS MOVEMENT (MST) IN RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL

International Journal of Development Research, 2020

The study is the result of research carried out on the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST), foc... more The study is the result of research carried out on the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST), focusing on the first occupations carried out by the MST in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) in Vale do Açu. The arrival of militants from the Movement of the Landless to RN in 1989, and the initial relationship established between them and the PT militants of the city of Açu, will enable those to start organizing it in the state. Even in that city, the MST will install a Secretariat that made it possible to expand its contacts with leaders of the MSTR (Rural Workers Union Movement) and leaders of the Rural unions in the municipalities of Açu, Ipanguaçu, Carnaubais, Jucurutu, São Rafael, Santana of Matos. However, the consolidation process of the aforementioned Movement is taking shape based on several situations: conquests of the settlement areas, its action within the union movement, its constitution as a political reference of a part of the peasantry, in addition to its role in shock and negotiation with the State, that is, in the game of class struggle. Copyright © 2020, Baltazar Macaíba de Sousa. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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El Sindicalismo rural en Brasil y sus relaciones con El Estado

International Multilingual Journal of Contemporary Research, 2020

This article aims to deepen the analysis of rural unionism and its relations with the state. This... more This article aims to deepen the analysis of rural unionism and its relations with the state. This is a reflection that seeks to update and critique theoretical studies on rural unions. The analysis consists of acquiring and systematizing knowledge about the union experience in the rural environment, highlighting the focus of rural unions and their relationship with state power. Given the need and urgency for theoretical contributions on rural unionism, this reflection is a continuation of earlier work on unions. The essay adds efforts to penetrate this problem, contributing to the understanding of fundamental aspects of the Brazilian union reality. The analysis highlights the period of the late 1970s with the strikes of ABC Paulista with the affiliation of the National Confederation of Agricultural Workers (CONTAG) in 1995 to Only Central of the Workers (CUT). The temporal choice in the analysis is justified by the fact that it is the first phase of the organization of rural unions of the Only Central of the Workers as opposed to National Confederation of Agricultural Workers unions.

Keywords: rural unions, Brazil, peasants, agriculture.

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AS EXPERIÊNCIAS DOS GOVERNOS DE FRENTE POPULAR E NACIONALISTAS NA AMÉRICALATINA: VENEZUELA, BOLÍVIA E BRASIL.

XXXI Congreso ALAS 2017 Acta Académica, 2017

The study objective to reflect on the experiences of governments front popular and nationalist in... more The study objective to reflect on the experiences of governments front popular and nationalist in Latin America, highlighting the experiences in Venezuela, Bolivia and Brazil. They are governments that are supported by broad popular mobilizations that are expressed in the political- electoral dispute and in the conflicts of streets. In the case of Venezuela, the Hugo Chaves government has its roots in the political crisis of the political regime of the fixed point. The chavismo has its continuity with the government of Nicolas Maduro that expresses the ideal of the "Bolivarian revolution". In Bolivia, Evo Morales represents the tradition of peasant mobilizations and the movement of Bolivian miners, so much so that the election of Evo Morales in 2005 as
president of Bolivia was a fundamental milestone in the political conjuncture of Latin America, and his government received widespread support from the Central Worker Bolivian (COB) and the Bolivian Mineworkers' Federation (FSTMB). In Brazil, the government of Dilma Rousseff, removed from power by a parliamentary-legal coup in 2016, was the continuation of the popular front government led by Luis Inacio Lula da Silva (Lula), a government with strong ties with popular and union movements. These three experiences of popular governments, after a long period of political stability, have entered into crisis and are being threatened to have their projects replaced by governments of neoliberal courts, without appealing to nationalism and much less to the popular layers of society.

Keywords: Latin America, popular front, nacionalism.

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Os Bairros Rurais e a Construção Sociológica "Sociedade Caipira"

Centro de Tecnología para el Desarrollo – CENTED , 2019

Resumen: O texto quesegueapresenta-se enquanto umaanálisereferenteà tese que sustenta a formação ... more Resumen: O texto quesegueapresenta-se enquanto umaanálisereferenteà tese que sustenta a formação e persistência de uma sociedade caipira no meio rural brasileiro. Trata-se de uma reflexão crítica sobre a construção sociológica-sociedade caipira‖ como recurso para explicar o processo de formação da sociedade brasileira, sobretudo no contexto de grandes transformações no meio rural. O trabalho procura tematiza a existência e a persistência da civilização caipira através de sua unidade elementar e núcleo básico: o bairro rural. É uma tese, pois, sujeita a controvérsias, críticas e contestações. É nesse marco que ousamos estabelecer um diálogo crítico referente aos bairros rurais e à sociedade caipira a partir de dados empíricos e formulações teóricas, dando destaque os aportes de Maria Isaura Pereira de Queiroz e Antônio Candido, tentando evidenciar os desafios teóricos dessa construção metodológica. A formulação central do texto é entender de forma crítica se ainda existe uma civilização caipira na sociedade brasileira que encontra nos bairros rurais a confirmação daexistência e persistência da sociedade caipira no meio rural brasileiro. As pesquisas e as conclusões dos dados trazidossobre os bairros rurais são facilmente constatadoscomunidades camponesas do Brasil, os quais, em hipótese, nos permite afirmar que a construção sociológica-sociedade caipira‖ objetivando explicar e dar conta de parte da realidade rural e camponesa é controvérsiapara alcançar o objetivo proposto e sua formulação pode se constituir em uma negação do processo histórico que se desenvolveu no Brasil. Os bairros rurais e sociedade caipira como construções teóricas podem mistificar os processos e formações ocorridos no Brasil (ainda existentes) como parte de uma totalidade histórica, confundindo ao invés de esclarecer o principal referente à nossa formação social: no Brasil se formou uma sociedade semicolonial moderna e ocidentalizada que inicia-se no Brasil Colonial, com base, principalmente, no trabalho escravo como forma dominante e ainda nos primeiros três séculos e meio. É necessário entender que a sociedade moderna brasileira foi fundada e edificada sob o trabalho escravo numa primeira fase e sob o assalariamento moderno em fase mais recente e que, portanto, a constituiçãode um tipo de sociedade arcaica paralela à moderna e ocidental civilização brasileira, cujo pilar fundamental de tal sociedade caipira seria o bairro rural se explica pela lei do desenvolvimento e combinado. Palavras chaves: bairros rurais,camponeses, sociedade caipira, Breve información biográfica del autor:

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Sovereignty in Rousseau: from Instinctive Freedom to Conscious Freedom

American International Journal of Social Science , 2019

The text is a reading piece about Rousseau's concept of sovereignty, as a maximal expression of m... more The text is a reading piece about Rousseau's concept of sovereignty, as a maximal expression of men's free willing in the civil society, in a direct relation with the instinct of liberty-will-of men in the natural society. Rousseau was deeply worried about inequality among men, since its consequence is freedom and utmost good inhibition. So, in the transition between wild to political stage, man has preserved and changed his particularity as a free Being. One can affirm that Rousseau started a new moment over sovereignty in which people are the collective being of this supreme will. This is to say that Civil State is a being of reason and, only rational Will can create it. The state appears as a real entity, not an abstract one.

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Anthropology and Philosophy: the theoretical concepts feuerbachians

Journal of Liberal Arts and Humanities (JLAH), 2020

This article addresses the relationship among Ludwig Feuerbach's anthropology and philosophy. Suc... more This article addresses the relationship among Ludwig Feuerbach's anthropology and philosophy. Such relationship is unveiled at the time when the Feuerbachian philosophy adopted a critical, consequent position towards Hegel's dialectics, thus overcoming and tearing down Hegel's ancient dialectics and philosophy. Feuerbach's criticism appears under two forms: in a general way, after the German subjective and objective idealism, as well as the Hegelian absolutist idealism. The Feuerbachian anthropology is a landmark in the philosophical theory, when it critically considers his breaking up from religion. From a specific point-of-view, the author of The Essence of Christianism, treated the thinking activity as man's essence-his generic life-presented and represented by love (love among men), as man's freedom towards religious faith, because faith predominance inhibits human's inherent ethicity. Thus, man's existence, his ideas and subjective actions can be, under such condition, freely and wholly revealed. This relationship is crucial to understand human subject's individuality and affirmation, as well as Ludwig Feuerbach's philosophy.

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FOUCAULT: O SUJEITO MORAL E OS JOGOS DE VERDADE

Anais Primeiro Encontro de Estudos Foucaultianos, 2014

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THE FIRST LAND OCCUPATIONS PRACTICED BY THE LANDLESS RURAL WORKERS MOVEMENT (MST) IN RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL

International Journal of Development Research, 2020

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El Sindicalismo rural en Brasil y sus relaciones con El Estado

International Multilingual Journal of Contemporary Research, 2020

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AS EXPERIÊNCIAS DOS GOVERNOS DE FRENTE POPULAR E NACIONALISTAS NA AMÉRICALATINA: VENEZUELA, BOLÍVIA E BRASIL.

XXXI Congreso ALAS 2017 Acta Académica, 2017