Copernicia alba (Arecaceae) is a palm tree regionally known as carandá that forms large populatio... more Copernicia alba (Arecaceae) is a palm tree regionally known as carandá that forms large populations and produces abundant fruits, an important food source for the local fauna in Brazilian wetlands. The fruits present morphological variations regarding color, shape and dimensions. In this study fruits of different shapes were collected and processed following routine techniques in plant morphology, and biochemistry analysis of endosperm. (hemicellulose) The fruits isdark, of the berry type, with partially fibrous pericarp, rich in phenolic compounds; the ruminated seed coat also contains phenols; the endosperm, formed of cells with highly thickened, not lignified hemicellulosic walls, stores xyloses, proteins and lipids. The embryo is short and straight. Xylose is the leading sugar of xylan, which can be liberated by hydrolysis with specific enzymes, such as xylanases. This sugar is of interest in several industrial sectors, such as the production of biofuels and xylitol for foods. E...
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2018
Irrigation using water treated with static magnetic field (SMF) has recently been used as a strat... more Irrigation using water treated with static magnetic field (SMF) has recently been used as a strategy to stimulate the growth and development of different plant species. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive compounds and evaluate the anatomical structure of Rosmarinus officinalis L. irrigated with SMF-treated water. Results demonstrate that the treatment promoted plant growth, the number of trichomes and increased concentrations of secondary metabolites. Methanolextracted leaves revealed that rosmarinic acid was detected in both experimental groups, without a difference in the level. Camphor, α-terpineol and verbenone were determined as the most abundant compounds present in these leaf extracts and were strongly increased in plants irrigated with SMF-treated water. Similar results were also observed for endo-borneol, bornyl acetate and β-amyrin concentrations.Taken together, these results indicate that irrigation with SMF-treated water can be used to improve the production of rosemary to obtain pharmaceutical products with an increased antioxidative activity.
The secretory structures of Alismataceae have been described as secretory ducts, laticifer ducts,... more The secretory structures of Alismataceae have been described as secretory ducts, laticifer ducts, laticifer canals or schizogenous ducts. However, these terms are not found in the specialized literature, and ontogenetic analyses for the exact classification of these structures are missing. Accordingly, more studies regarding the secretory structures of Alismataceae are necessary to establish homology in the family or in the order. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the anatomy, ontogeny, distribution in the organs and exudate composition of the secretory structures present in five Alismataceae species in order to determine whether the family has laticifers or secretory ducts. Samples of leaves, flowers and floral apices were processed for anatomical and histochemical analyses by light microscopy. The analysis indicated the presence of anastomosing secretory ducts in all species, occurring in both leaves and flowers. The exudate contains lipids, alkaloids, proteins and polys...
RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda a anatomia foliar de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mea... more RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda a anatomia foliar de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mears. (Amaranthaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. e I. imperati (Vahl) Griseb. (Convolvulaceae), Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. e Sophora tomentosa L. (Leguminosae), Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth (Poaceae) e Miegia maritima (Aubl.) Willd. (Cyperaceae). A maioria das espécies investigadas tem folhas suculentas e epiderme uniestratificada coberta por espessa camada cuticular. A densidade de tricomas apresenta-se distinta entre as espécies. Os estômatos ocorrem em uma ou ambas as faces da folha estando as células estomáticas situadas ao mesmo nível ou ligeiramente abaixo das demais. Tecidos aquíferos foram observados em todas as espécies estudadas, assim como cristais, fibras e estruturas secretoras. A estrutura do mesofilo varia entre as espécies, sendo dorsiventral, isobilateral ou Kranz. Em todas as espécies estudadas foram identificados caracteres xeromorfos.
The chemical composition of volatile compounds in leaves of Mandevilla guanabarica from three res... more The chemical composition of volatile compounds in leaves of Mandevilla guanabarica from three restingas in Rio de Janeiro was characterized by GC/MS after SDE. The volatiles common were 3-hexen-1-ol, b-caryophyllene and germacrene D, which were majority compounds for plants from Grumari, Jurubatiba and Maricá, respectively. M. guanabarica also contained other compounds: a-cubebene, a-copaene and cubebene (Grumari); b-ocimene, a-caryophyllene and germacrene B (Jurubatiba); and b-elemene and alloaromadendrene (Maricá). Although some compounds were common to all locations, the qualitative and quantitative chemical profiles of volatile compounds of M. guanabarica from three different areas in the same season, with similar conditions of temperature and precipitation, were distinct. Leaf histochemical analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids in idioblasts, and rubber grains and droplets of lipophilic substances in the mesophyll, for all three samples. These results indicate the possible influence of physiological variations and/or environmental conditions on the composition of volatiles in M. guanabarica.
Livro fotográfico, técnico e de divulgação científica em formato 9:16 (168 x 197 mm) para leitura... more Livro fotográfico, técnico e de divulgação científica em formato 9:16 (168 x 197 mm) para leitura em diferentes suportes, inclusive celular. Com fotos autorais e legendas curtas português / inglês, apresenta as principais fitofisionomias e componentes da fauna e flora do Chaco Brasileiro, localizado no município de Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. Quase todos os organismos retratados são identificados ao nível de espécie. <br><br>...............<br><br><br>Livro fotográfico em formato 9:16 (169x197 mm) para leitura em diversos suportes, incluindo telemóveis. Com fotos próprias e legenda curta em português / inglês, mostramos as principais fisionomias vegetais e componentes da flora e fauna do Chaco Brasileiro, localizado em Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. Quase todos os organismos representados são identificados em nível de espécie<br>
Leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. were collected from the following mangroves along... more Leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. were collected from the following mangroves along Brazil’s southeastern Atlantic coast: Coroa Grande (CG), Pedra de Guaratiba (PG) and Marambaia (M). This work aimed to evaluate the presence of minerals by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); the chemical composition of epicuticular waxes by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the leaf morphoanatomical features. Results revealed variation in metal contents among mangroves in the following ranges: Al (0.307–0.73), Cd (0.004–0.016) and Pb (0.095–0.325) mg/mL by ICP-OES. Leaf epicuticular wax contained more than 50% of triterpenes, in particular the pentacyclic triterpenes lupeol (41.61–55.63%) and β-amyrin (8.81–16.35%), as well as n-alkanes, such as hentriacontane and tetratetracontane. In particular, we observed differences in the micromorphology of the epicuticular wax in the leaves of plants ...
After synonymization of Araujia and Morrenia (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), there are 12 Araujia... more After synonymization of Araujia and Morrenia (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), there are 12 Araujia spp., with the Chaco region, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, as their centre of diversity. If recognized independently, neither genus is monophyletic, but consensus on this circumscription remains unclear. Therefore, to improve our understanding of the taxonomy of Araujia and Morrenia and their relationships, this research aimed to (1) find new characters based on leaf morphology and anatomy and (2) investigate how these characters are distributed in the most recent phylogenetic tree for the group. Leaves of four Araujia spp. and six Morrenia spp. were obtained from field trips and herbarium material and analysed using scanning electron and light microscopy, herbarium specimens and images. Although leaf morphoanatomical features vary across these genera, results support inclusion of Morrenia in Araujia. This outcome agrees with previous phylogenetic studies in which Araujia and Morrenia emerged as clades with high bootstrap support (100%). Our results also indicate that leaf morphoanatomical features support fewer inclusive clades in the phylogeny of Araujia-Morrenia, a finding that should be useful in future taxonomic studies. Finally, we present a previously unpublished species key.
In this study, we investigated the leaf anatomy and the composition of volatiles in Myrrhinium at... more In this study, we investigated the leaf anatomy and the composition of volatiles in Myrrhinium atropurpureum var. atropurpureum endemic to Rio de Janeiro restingas. Particularly, leaf secretory structures were described using light microscopy, and histochemical tests were performed from fresh leaves to localize the secondary metabolites. To observe secretory cavities, fixed leaf samples were free-hand sectioned. To evaluate lipophilic compounds and terpenoids the following reagents were employed: Sudans III and IV, Red oil O and Nile blue. Leaf volatiles were characterized by gas chromatography after hydrodistillation (HD) or simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE). Leaf analysis showed several cavities in mesophyll that are the main sites of lipophilic and terpenoid production. Monoterpenes, which represented more than 80% of the major volatiles, were characterized mainly by α-and β-pinene and 1,8-cineole. In order to provide tools for M. atropurpureum identification, the following distinguishing characteristics were revealed by the following data: 1) adaxial face clear and densely punctuated by the presence of round or ellipsoidal secretory cavities randomly distributed in the mesophyll; 2) the presence of cells overlying the upper neck cells of secretory cavities; 3) the presence of numerous paracytic stomata distributed on the abaxial leaf surface, but absent in vein regions and leaf margin; and 4) non-glandular trichomes on both leaf surfaces. Our study of the compounds produced by the secretory cavities of M. atropurpureum led us to conclude that volatile terpenoid class are the main secretory compounds and that they consist of a high concentration of monoterpenes, which may indicate the phytotherapeutic importance of this plant.
This study aims to determine the essential oil chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br... more This study aims to determine the essential oil chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson collected in the Brazilian Chaco where plants grow in conditions of high temperatures in the summer, periodic flood, low temperatures and air humidity in the winter. We also evaluate the oil antifungal activity against the animal and plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Fusarium sp., Penicillium funiculosum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Leaf essential oils were extracted by Clevenger hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS. The major essential oil components were linalool (38.26%), trans-ocimenone (6.57%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.48%). At first time L. alba from Brazilian Chaco was identified as a chemotype producing linalool. The essential oils showed antifungal activity, mainly against S. slerotiorum, a fungi species related with diseases in soybean plants, with 100% of growth inhibition. These results suggest the potential alternative of this species to synthetic fungicides and confirm its popular uses as an important medicinal plant in South America.
Ao longo dos próximos anos, a quantidade de água disponível para irrigação está prevista para dim... more Ao longo dos próximos anos, a quantidade de água disponível para irrigação está prevista para diminuir. Essa menor disponibilidade de água forçará os viveiros florestais a adotar procedimentos e tecnologias de irrigação mais eficientes, isto é, aplicar água suficiente para atender a necessidade hídrica das mudas, reduzir a lixiviação e a alavancagem dos custos. No Brasil, os principais critérios utilizados para determinar o manejo hídrico são a observação e a experiência profissional dos viveiristas. Nesse contexto, ainda que suas limitações de eficiência sejam reconhecidas, principalmente, por motivos econômicos, a microaspersão é o sistema de irrigação mais utilizado nos viveiros florestais brasileiros. Apesar disso, é possível aumentar a eficiência da irrigação aplicada por microaspersão a partir de ajustes nas estruturas dos viveiros e nos manejos praticados e, consequentemente, aumentar a qualidade das mudas florestais. Para diversos autores, mudas com maior qualidade são aquelas que sobreviverão e crescerão mais rapidamente após o plantio. Essa qualidade, expressa por atributos morfológicos e fisiológicos, pode ser obtida por meio da composição genética e dos manejos no viveiro, incluindo o hídrico. A utilização de mudas com maior qualidade reduz a necessidade de replantio e os custos com tratos culturais nos primeiros meses após o plantio.
Alpinia zerumbet plantlets were cultured in vitro in MS medium supplemented with growth regulator... more Alpinia zerumbet plantlets were cultured in vitro in MS medium supplemented with growth regulators, including IAA, TDZ and BAP. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the production of rutin, kaempferol-3- O-glucuronide, and kaempferol-3 -O-rutinoside was evaluated, based on leaf hydroalcoholic extracts of three-month-old plantlets. The relative concentration of phenolics from the hydroalcoholic extracts of plantlets cultured in control medium reached 100% compared with plantlets treated with growth regulators and donor plants (80%). The in vitro rutin production was more pronounced than the other flavonoids. While no direct relation between the content of phenolic compounds and increased flavonoid production was observed, the combination of IAA + TDZ enhanced the production of rutin (83.2 μg/g dried leaves) and kaempferol-3- O-glucuronide (29 μg/g dried leaves), compared with growth regulators used alone. Overall, these findings suggest the value of in vitro cultivati...
Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgica... more Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgical smelters and other industrial activities. In Rio de Janeiro, mangroves are part of the Atlantic Rainforest now under the stress of high levels of industrial waste. Therefore, this work aimed to detect potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by evaluating the leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. collected from three mangroves with different levels of pollution. To gain further insight toward an accurate diagnosis of the effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove stands, we evaluated leaf epicuticular wax composition, as well as morphological and anatomical traits. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), gas chromatography (GC) and microscopy. Results revealed variation in the contents of PTEs among the three mangroves from lowest to highest concentration, as follows: Al (0.30–0.73), Pb (0.095–0.325) and Zn (0.25–0.30) mg/k...
The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P.... more The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade forms an arch. Some of the anatomical features observed can be used to distinguish the species studied. Anatomical leaf characters could be used in the recognition of six species of Posoqueria studied, such as anticlinal wall of epidermal cells, wax deposition, trichomes and shape of the leaf margin.
Restinga is an Atlantic Ocean ecosystem found along the Brazilian coast. It contains distinct pla... more Restinga is an Atlantic Ocean ecosystem found along the Brazilian coast. It contains distinct plant communities, including hydrophytes, herbs, shrubs, vines, epiphytes, and a halophytic plant community. Halophytes present morphoanatomical and ultrastructural characteristics enabling them to survive under saline conditions, as well as intense light and wind. Here we present the leaf anatomy of Cyrtocymura scorpioides (Lam.) H.Rob. (Asteraceae), Guapira pernambucensis (Casar.) Lundell. (Nyctaginaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. (Convolvulaceae), and Sophora tomentosa L. (Fabaceae, Leguminosae). These halophytes, washed by seawater or spray, occur on sandy beaches and are subjected to substrate instability, water deficiency, and very permeable, saline soil. Their survival is dependent on such properties as thick cuticle, mucilage in
Este projeto tem como objetivo apresentar a potencialidade ornamental e beleza peculiar de especi... more Este projeto tem como objetivo apresentar a potencialidade ornamental e beleza peculiar de especies nativas de restingas que muitas vezes passam despercebidas, sendo substituidas, em areas litorâneas por especies oriundas de outros biomas ou paises.
The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P.... more The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade form...
Fully developed leaves of Cryptochloa capillata (Swallen) Soderstrom, Raddia brasilienses Bertol ... more Fully developed leaves of Cryptochloa capillata (Swallen) Soderstrom, Raddia brasilienses Bertol and Pharus lappulaceus Aublet (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) were collected at Restinga de Jacarepiá, Environment Proctection Area of Massambaba, county of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and studied by optical microscope. Leaf anatomy is described in order to contribute to the Poaceae family study. Anatomic features observed in the three studied species such as: midrib with complex vascular system, mesophyll consisting of tabular lobed chlorophyllous elements and fusoid cells, vascular bundles with double sheath, epidermis made up of long cells, short cells, micro-hairs, prickles and silica bodies correspond to the "bambusoid type" of leaf anatomy.
Copernicia alba (Arecaceae) is a palm tree regionally known as carandá that forms large populatio... more Copernicia alba (Arecaceae) is a palm tree regionally known as carandá that forms large populations and produces abundant fruits, an important food source for the local fauna in Brazilian wetlands. The fruits present morphological variations regarding color, shape and dimensions. In this study fruits of different shapes were collected and processed following routine techniques in plant morphology, and biochemistry analysis of endosperm. (hemicellulose) The fruits isdark, of the berry type, with partially fibrous pericarp, rich in phenolic compounds; the ruminated seed coat also contains phenols; the endosperm, formed of cells with highly thickened, not lignified hemicellulosic walls, stores xyloses, proteins and lipids. The embryo is short and straight. Xylose is the leading sugar of xylan, which can be liberated by hydrolysis with specific enzymes, such as xylanases. This sugar is of interest in several industrial sectors, such as the production of biofuels and xylitol for foods. E...
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2018
Irrigation using water treated with static magnetic field (SMF) has recently been used as a strat... more Irrigation using water treated with static magnetic field (SMF) has recently been used as a strategy to stimulate the growth and development of different plant species. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive compounds and evaluate the anatomical structure of Rosmarinus officinalis L. irrigated with SMF-treated water. Results demonstrate that the treatment promoted plant growth, the number of trichomes and increased concentrations of secondary metabolites. Methanolextracted leaves revealed that rosmarinic acid was detected in both experimental groups, without a difference in the level. Camphor, α-terpineol and verbenone were determined as the most abundant compounds present in these leaf extracts and were strongly increased in plants irrigated with SMF-treated water. Similar results were also observed for endo-borneol, bornyl acetate and β-amyrin concentrations.Taken together, these results indicate that irrigation with SMF-treated water can be used to improve the production of rosemary to obtain pharmaceutical products with an increased antioxidative activity.
The secretory structures of Alismataceae have been described as secretory ducts, laticifer ducts,... more The secretory structures of Alismataceae have been described as secretory ducts, laticifer ducts, laticifer canals or schizogenous ducts. However, these terms are not found in the specialized literature, and ontogenetic analyses for the exact classification of these structures are missing. Accordingly, more studies regarding the secretory structures of Alismataceae are necessary to establish homology in the family or in the order. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the anatomy, ontogeny, distribution in the organs and exudate composition of the secretory structures present in five Alismataceae species in order to determine whether the family has laticifers or secretory ducts. Samples of leaves, flowers and floral apices were processed for anatomical and histochemical analyses by light microscopy. The analysis indicated the presence of anastomosing secretory ducts in all species, occurring in both leaves and flowers. The exudate contains lipids, alkaloids, proteins and polys...
RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda a anatomia foliar de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mea... more RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda a anatomia foliar de Blutaparon portulacoides (A. St.-Hil.) Mears. (Amaranthaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. e I. imperati (Vahl) Griseb. (Convolvulaceae), Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. e Sophora tomentosa L. (Leguminosae), Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth (Poaceae) e Miegia maritima (Aubl.) Willd. (Cyperaceae). A maioria das espécies investigadas tem folhas suculentas e epiderme uniestratificada coberta por espessa camada cuticular. A densidade de tricomas apresenta-se distinta entre as espécies. Os estômatos ocorrem em uma ou ambas as faces da folha estando as células estomáticas situadas ao mesmo nível ou ligeiramente abaixo das demais. Tecidos aquíferos foram observados em todas as espécies estudadas, assim como cristais, fibras e estruturas secretoras. A estrutura do mesofilo varia entre as espécies, sendo dorsiventral, isobilateral ou Kranz. Em todas as espécies estudadas foram identificados caracteres xeromorfos.
The chemical composition of volatile compounds in leaves of Mandevilla guanabarica from three res... more The chemical composition of volatile compounds in leaves of Mandevilla guanabarica from three restingas in Rio de Janeiro was characterized by GC/MS after SDE. The volatiles common were 3-hexen-1-ol, b-caryophyllene and germacrene D, which were majority compounds for plants from Grumari, Jurubatiba and Maricá, respectively. M. guanabarica also contained other compounds: a-cubebene, a-copaene and cubebene (Grumari); b-ocimene, a-caryophyllene and germacrene B (Jurubatiba); and b-elemene and alloaromadendrene (Maricá). Although some compounds were common to all locations, the qualitative and quantitative chemical profiles of volatile compounds of M. guanabarica from three different areas in the same season, with similar conditions of temperature and precipitation, were distinct. Leaf histochemical analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids in idioblasts, and rubber grains and droplets of lipophilic substances in the mesophyll, for all three samples. These results indicate the possible influence of physiological variations and/or environmental conditions on the composition of volatiles in M. guanabarica.
Livro fotográfico, técnico e de divulgação científica em formato 9:16 (168 x 197 mm) para leitura... more Livro fotográfico, técnico e de divulgação científica em formato 9:16 (168 x 197 mm) para leitura em diferentes suportes, inclusive celular. Com fotos autorais e legendas curtas português / inglês, apresenta as principais fitofisionomias e componentes da fauna e flora do Chaco Brasileiro, localizado no município de Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. Quase todos os organismos retratados são identificados ao nível de espécie. <br><br>...............<br><br><br>Livro fotográfico em formato 9:16 (169x197 mm) para leitura em diversos suportes, incluindo telemóveis. Com fotos próprias e legenda curta em português / inglês, mostramos as principais fisionomias vegetais e componentes da flora e fauna do Chaco Brasileiro, localizado em Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. Quase todos os organismos representados são identificados em nível de espécie<br>
Leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. were collected from the following mangroves along... more Leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. were collected from the following mangroves along Brazil’s southeastern Atlantic coast: Coroa Grande (CG), Pedra de Guaratiba (PG) and Marambaia (M). This work aimed to evaluate the presence of minerals by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); the chemical composition of epicuticular waxes by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the leaf morphoanatomical features. Results revealed variation in metal contents among mangroves in the following ranges: Al (0.307–0.73), Cd (0.004–0.016) and Pb (0.095–0.325) mg/mL by ICP-OES. Leaf epicuticular wax contained more than 50% of triterpenes, in particular the pentacyclic triterpenes lupeol (41.61–55.63%) and β-amyrin (8.81–16.35%), as well as n-alkanes, such as hentriacontane and tetratetracontane. In particular, we observed differences in the micromorphology of the epicuticular wax in the leaves of plants ...
After synonymization of Araujia and Morrenia (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), there are 12 Araujia... more After synonymization of Araujia and Morrenia (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), there are 12 Araujia spp., with the Chaco region, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, as their centre of diversity. If recognized independently, neither genus is monophyletic, but consensus on this circumscription remains unclear. Therefore, to improve our understanding of the taxonomy of Araujia and Morrenia and their relationships, this research aimed to (1) find new characters based on leaf morphology and anatomy and (2) investigate how these characters are distributed in the most recent phylogenetic tree for the group. Leaves of four Araujia spp. and six Morrenia spp. were obtained from field trips and herbarium material and analysed using scanning electron and light microscopy, herbarium specimens and images. Although leaf morphoanatomical features vary across these genera, results support inclusion of Morrenia in Araujia. This outcome agrees with previous phylogenetic studies in which Araujia and Morrenia emerged as clades with high bootstrap support (100%). Our results also indicate that leaf morphoanatomical features support fewer inclusive clades in the phylogeny of Araujia-Morrenia, a finding that should be useful in future taxonomic studies. Finally, we present a previously unpublished species key.
In this study, we investigated the leaf anatomy and the composition of volatiles in Myrrhinium at... more In this study, we investigated the leaf anatomy and the composition of volatiles in Myrrhinium atropurpureum var. atropurpureum endemic to Rio de Janeiro restingas. Particularly, leaf secretory structures were described using light microscopy, and histochemical tests were performed from fresh leaves to localize the secondary metabolites. To observe secretory cavities, fixed leaf samples were free-hand sectioned. To evaluate lipophilic compounds and terpenoids the following reagents were employed: Sudans III and IV, Red oil O and Nile blue. Leaf volatiles were characterized by gas chromatography after hydrodistillation (HD) or simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE). Leaf analysis showed several cavities in mesophyll that are the main sites of lipophilic and terpenoid production. Monoterpenes, which represented more than 80% of the major volatiles, were characterized mainly by α-and β-pinene and 1,8-cineole. In order to provide tools for M. atropurpureum identification, the following distinguishing characteristics were revealed by the following data: 1) adaxial face clear and densely punctuated by the presence of round or ellipsoidal secretory cavities randomly distributed in the mesophyll; 2) the presence of cells overlying the upper neck cells of secretory cavities; 3) the presence of numerous paracytic stomata distributed on the abaxial leaf surface, but absent in vein regions and leaf margin; and 4) non-glandular trichomes on both leaf surfaces. Our study of the compounds produced by the secretory cavities of M. atropurpureum led us to conclude that volatile terpenoid class are the main secretory compounds and that they consist of a high concentration of monoterpenes, which may indicate the phytotherapeutic importance of this plant.
This study aims to determine the essential oil chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br... more This study aims to determine the essential oil chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson collected in the Brazilian Chaco where plants grow in conditions of high temperatures in the summer, periodic flood, low temperatures and air humidity in the winter. We also evaluate the oil antifungal activity against the animal and plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Fusarium sp., Penicillium funiculosum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Leaf essential oils were extracted by Clevenger hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS. The major essential oil components were linalool (38.26%), trans-ocimenone (6.57%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.48%). At first time L. alba from Brazilian Chaco was identified as a chemotype producing linalool. The essential oils showed antifungal activity, mainly against S. slerotiorum, a fungi species related with diseases in soybean plants, with 100% of growth inhibition. These results suggest the potential alternative of this species to synthetic fungicides and confirm its popular uses as an important medicinal plant in South America.
Ao longo dos próximos anos, a quantidade de água disponível para irrigação está prevista para dim... more Ao longo dos próximos anos, a quantidade de água disponível para irrigação está prevista para diminuir. Essa menor disponibilidade de água forçará os viveiros florestais a adotar procedimentos e tecnologias de irrigação mais eficientes, isto é, aplicar água suficiente para atender a necessidade hídrica das mudas, reduzir a lixiviação e a alavancagem dos custos. No Brasil, os principais critérios utilizados para determinar o manejo hídrico são a observação e a experiência profissional dos viveiristas. Nesse contexto, ainda que suas limitações de eficiência sejam reconhecidas, principalmente, por motivos econômicos, a microaspersão é o sistema de irrigação mais utilizado nos viveiros florestais brasileiros. Apesar disso, é possível aumentar a eficiência da irrigação aplicada por microaspersão a partir de ajustes nas estruturas dos viveiros e nos manejos praticados e, consequentemente, aumentar a qualidade das mudas florestais. Para diversos autores, mudas com maior qualidade são aquelas que sobreviverão e crescerão mais rapidamente após o plantio. Essa qualidade, expressa por atributos morfológicos e fisiológicos, pode ser obtida por meio da composição genética e dos manejos no viveiro, incluindo o hídrico. A utilização de mudas com maior qualidade reduz a necessidade de replantio e os custos com tratos culturais nos primeiros meses após o plantio.
Alpinia zerumbet plantlets were cultured in vitro in MS medium supplemented with growth regulator... more Alpinia zerumbet plantlets were cultured in vitro in MS medium supplemented with growth regulators, including IAA, TDZ and BAP. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the production of rutin, kaempferol-3- O-glucuronide, and kaempferol-3 -O-rutinoside was evaluated, based on leaf hydroalcoholic extracts of three-month-old plantlets. The relative concentration of phenolics from the hydroalcoholic extracts of plantlets cultured in control medium reached 100% compared with plantlets treated with growth regulators and donor plants (80%). The in vitro rutin production was more pronounced than the other flavonoids. While no direct relation between the content of phenolic compounds and increased flavonoid production was observed, the combination of IAA + TDZ enhanced the production of rutin (83.2 μg/g dried leaves) and kaempferol-3- O-glucuronide (29 μg/g dried leaves), compared with growth regulators used alone. Overall, these findings suggest the value of in vitro cultivati...
Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgica... more Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgical smelters and other industrial activities. In Rio de Janeiro, mangroves are part of the Atlantic Rainforest now under the stress of high levels of industrial waste. Therefore, this work aimed to detect potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by evaluating the leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. collected from three mangroves with different levels of pollution. To gain further insight toward an accurate diagnosis of the effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove stands, we evaluated leaf epicuticular wax composition, as well as morphological and anatomical traits. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), gas chromatography (GC) and microscopy. Results revealed variation in the contents of PTEs among the three mangroves from lowest to highest concentration, as follows: Al (0.30–0.73), Pb (0.095–0.325) and Zn (0.25–0.30) mg/k...
The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P.... more The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade forms an arch. Some of the anatomical features observed can be used to distinguish the species studied. Anatomical leaf characters could be used in the recognition of six species of Posoqueria studied, such as anticlinal wall of epidermal cells, wax deposition, trichomes and shape of the leaf margin.
Restinga is an Atlantic Ocean ecosystem found along the Brazilian coast. It contains distinct pla... more Restinga is an Atlantic Ocean ecosystem found along the Brazilian coast. It contains distinct plant communities, including hydrophytes, herbs, shrubs, vines, epiphytes, and a halophytic plant community. Halophytes present morphoanatomical and ultrastructural characteristics enabling them to survive under saline conditions, as well as intense light and wind. Here we present the leaf anatomy of Cyrtocymura scorpioides (Lam.) H.Rob. (Asteraceae), Guapira pernambucensis (Casar.) Lundell. (Nyctaginaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. (Convolvulaceae), and Sophora tomentosa L. (Fabaceae, Leguminosae). These halophytes, washed by seawater or spray, occur on sandy beaches and are subjected to substrate instability, water deficiency, and very permeable, saline soil. Their survival is dependent on such properties as thick cuticle, mucilage in
Este projeto tem como objetivo apresentar a potencialidade ornamental e beleza peculiar de especi... more Este projeto tem como objetivo apresentar a potencialidade ornamental e beleza peculiar de especies nativas de restingas que muitas vezes passam despercebidas, sendo substituidas, em areas litorâneas por especies oriundas de outros biomas ou paises.
The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P.... more The present study deals with the leaf anatomy and leaf surface of Posoqueria acutifolia Mart., P. latifolia Mart., P. longiflora Aublet, P. macropus Mart., P. palustris (Rudge) Roem. and Posoqueria sp., collected in fragments of Atlantic rain forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epicuticular wax may occur in the form of filaments, granules or crusts. The leaves are covered by a thick cuticular layer that may be smooth or striated. Paracytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes are limited to the abaxial surface; the latter are numerous in P. palustris, and rare in P. longiflora and P. latifolia. Leaves have a dorsiventral structure, with only one layer of palisade parenchyma and varied amounts of spongy parenchyma. Idioblasts containing crystalliferous sand were observed, and were more abundant in P. latifolia. The leaf blade vascular system is formed by collateral bundles with a parenchymatous sheath, associated with fibers. The vascular system of the petiole and the leaf blade form...
Fully developed leaves of Cryptochloa capillata (Swallen) Soderstrom, Raddia brasilienses Bertol ... more Fully developed leaves of Cryptochloa capillata (Swallen) Soderstrom, Raddia brasilienses Bertol and Pharus lappulaceus Aublet (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) were collected at Restinga de Jacarepiá, Environment Proctection Area of Massambaba, county of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and studied by optical microscope. Leaf anatomy is described in order to contribute to the Poaceae family study. Anatomic features observed in the three studied species such as: midrib with complex vascular system, mesophyll consisting of tabular lobed chlorophyllous elements and fusoid cells, vascular bundles with double sheath, epidermis made up of long cells, short cells, micro-hairs, prickles and silica bodies correspond to the "bambusoid type" of leaf anatomy.
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