Papers by Valeria Tavares
Zootaxa, 2020
We present a revision of the Neotropical bat genus Chiroderma, commonly known as big-eyed bats. A... more We present a revision of the Neotropical bat genus Chiroderma, commonly known as big-eyed bats. Although species of
Chiroderma have a wide distribution from western México to southern Brazil, species limits within Chiroderma are not
clearly defined, as attested by identification errors in the literature, and there is no comprehensive revision of the genus
that includes morphological and molecular data. Our review is based on phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (COI
and CYTB) and two nuclear (RAG2 and DBY) genes, coalescence analyses of mitochondrial genes, and morphological
analyses including type specimens of all named taxa. We recognize seven species in three clades: the first clade includes
(1) C. scopaeum Handley, 1966, endemic to western México and previously considered a subspecies of C. salvini; and (2)
C. salvini Dobson, 1878, a taxon associated with montane forests, distributed from México to Bolivia; the second clade
includes (3) C. improvisum Baker and Genoways, 1976, endemic to the Lesser Antilles, and (4) C. villosum Peters, 1860,
widely distributed on the continental mainland and polytypic, with subspecies C. v. villosum and C. v. jesupi; and the third
clade includes (5) the polytypic C. doriae Thomas, 1891, with C. d. doriae distributed in eastern Brazil and Paraguay, and
C. d. vizottoi, occurring in northeastern Brazil; (6) C. trinitatum Goodwin, 1958, distributed from Trinidad to Amazonia;
and (7) C. gorgasi Handley, 1960, distributed from Honduras to trans-Andean South America, previously considered a
subspecies of C. trinitatum.
1. Roosting ecology has probably shaped several aspects of bat evolution. Although Phyllostomidae... more 1. Roosting ecology has probably shaped several aspects of bat evolution. Although Phyllostomidae species are known to use more types of roosts than any other chiropteran lineage, foliage roosting is almost entirely restricted to the frugivo-rous members of the subfamily Stenodermatinae. There are relatively few studies on the roosting ecology of stenodermatines other than leaf tent users, and there have been few attempts to reconstruct the evolution of the peculiar foliage-roosting habits of these fruit bats. 2. Our aim was to reconstruct the evolution of foliage roosting in the Phyllostomidae phylogeny, and to test correlation hypotheses between roost types, pelage markings, and body size. 3. We performed ancestral character reconstructions using stochastic mappings on a molecular phylogeny of Phyllostomidae and reviewed literature records on roosts used by Stenodermatinae. Correlations between roosting habits and pelage patterns were calculated using phylogenetic logistic regressions. 4. Over 1200 records of roost use for 48 Stenodermatinae bat species were found in the literature. Most of the observations consisted of foliage roosting records; the second most common type of roost were caves and crevices, which was followed by holes in standing trees. 5. Our results support a single origin of foliage roosting in Phyllostomidae, which we interpreted as a synapomorphy uniting Rhinophyllinae with the Stenodermatinae. We estimated a minimum of two origins of tent roosting within Phyllostomidae, and our reconstruction suggests that it was basal in the Rhinophyllinae + Stenodermatinae clade. 6. Pelage markings of stenodermatines explained the type of roost, indicating that having white stripes or white spots contrasting with background pelage is related to foliage roosting. Species that use leaf tents are smaller than ones that do not, but group size does not appear to be correlated with tent use. 7. Further studies of foliage-roosting bat species that do not use leaf tents may shed light on the mode of evolution of this complex behavioural character.
We report the first Quaternary record of the big-eyed bat Chiroderma villosum from South America ... more We report the first Quaternary record of the big-eyed bat Chiroderma villosum from South America based on a left mandible fragment collected in the Gruta dos Brejões, late Quaternary of northeastern Brazil. This material has been identified over the course of our revision-ary work of the genus Chiroderma, including all species distributed in South America (Chiroderma doriae, Chiro-derma salvini, Chiroderma trinitatum, Chiroderma villosum and Chiroderma vizottoi). Our results revealed that several characters of the second lower molar (m2), and of the posterior mandible may be used to identify and to diagnose the South American Chiroderma. We also revisited the historical interpretation of homologies of the lower molar cusps of Chiroderma, and propose a revised molar cusp terminology.
BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting... more BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.
Tropical forests are three-dimensional spaces with species and resources heterogeneously distribu... more Tropical forests are three-dimensional spaces with species and resources heterogeneously distributed. The vertical stratification of tropical forest biotas has been observed for several organisms and regions, but, surprisingly, the vertical structuring of large areas of important tropical forests, such as Brazil's Atlantic Forest, remains poorly studied. Here, we addressed the use of different Atlantic Forest strata by bats, comparing ensemble composition and relative abundance between the understorey and the canopy. A total of 618 bats belonging to 31 species and four families were recorded, including 11 species of frugivores and seven species of gleaning insectivores, the two trophic guilds predominantly represented in our sampling. Fifteen species were captured exclusively in the canopy, and six exclusively in the understorey, and many of those species were represented by a low number of captures (< 5). The bat species composition, richness and relative abundance between canopy and understorey strata varied. Chiroderma villosum was exclusively captured in the canopy, Artibeus lituratus was netted predominantly in the canopy and Carollia perspicillata and Desmodus rotundus were mostly captured in the understorey. Although processes such as resource partitioning between species and ecomorphological constraints may explain the differential use of forest strata, this remains little understood because of the scarcity of data for the Atlantic forest canopies.
PLOS One, 2017
The modification of Amazonian rivers by the construction of megaprojects of hydroelectric dams ha... more The modification of Amazonian rivers by the construction of megaprojects of hydroelectric dams has widely increased over the last decade. Robust monitoring programs have been rarely conducted prior to the establishment of dams to measure to what extent the fauna, and its associated habitats may be affected by upcoming impacts. Using bats as models, we performed analyses throughout the area under the influence of the Santo Antô nio hydroelectric dam, Southwestern Brazilian Amazonia before its construction to estimate how the fauna and its associated habitats would be affected by the upcoming impacts. We surveyed bats in 49 plots distributed along the areas going to be inundated by the dam and those remaining dry. As predictors for the species distribution, we tested the variables of vegetation structure and topography. Species composition largely differed between the dry plots and the plots located in areas that will be flooded, and this was strongly associated with the variables of forest basal area and elevation. Vegetation-related variables also had strong influence on the guilds distribution. The flooding of lower elevations areas is expected to negatively affect the species number and abundance of frugivorous species. In contrast, it is likely that animalivores will be less vulnerable to dam-induced flooding, since they were abundant in the areas not expect to be inundated. We urge for the implementation of studies to predict impacts caused by large hydroelectric dams, including tests of the influence of the local conditions that shape diversity to avoid massive losses of the biota, and to build preventive monitoring and management actions.
Tropical forests are three-dimensional spaces with species and resources heterogeneously distribu... more Tropical forests are three-dimensional spaces with species and resources heterogeneously distributed. The vertical stratification of tropical forest biotas has been observed for several organisms and regions, but, surprisingly, the vertical structuring of large areas of important tropical forests, such as Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, remains poorly studied. Here, we addressed the use of different Atlantic Forest strata by bats, comparing ensemble composition and relative abundance between the understorey and the canopy. A total of 618 bats belonging to 31 species and four families were recorded, including 11 species of frugivores and seven species of gleaning insectivores, the two trophic guilds predominantly represented in our sampling. Fifteen species were captured exclusively in the canopy, and six exclusively in the understorey, and many of those species were represented by a low number of captures (<5). The bat species composition, richness and relative abundance between canopy and understorey strata varied. Chiroderma villosum was exclusively captured in the canopy, Artibeus lituratus was netted predominantly in the canopy and Carollia perspicillata and Desmodus rotundus were mostly captured in the understorey. Although processes such as resource partitioning between species and ecomorphological constraints may explain the differential use of forest strata, this remains little understood because of the scarcity of data for the Atlantic forest canopies.
BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting... more BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research.
Zootaxa 4196 (3): 435-445
ABSTRA ABSTRA ABSTRA ABSTRA ABSTRACT CT CT CT CT. . . . . Uroderma magnirostrum Davis, 1968 is re... more ABSTRA ABSTRA ABSTRA ABSTRA ABSTRACT CT CT CT CT. . . . . Uroderma magnirostrum Davis, 1968 is reported from four new localities in southeastern Brazil, significantly extending its geographical distribution south and westward. A total of 12 adult specimens collected in areas of Caatinga and Atlantic Forest in the states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro, including specimens from the new localities and museum specimens were examined. Females from southeastern Brazil were larger than males in all external measurements analyzed, but after univariate statistical analyses using corrected p values for multiple tests no significant sexual dimorphism was detected. Mean values obtained from this sample fall within the known range documented for the species in both external and cranial measurements, and are similar to those found in specimens from north and northeastern Brazil. The habitats of the new localities of U. magnirostrum in southeastern Brazil ranged from pristine and secondary forests to a small urban park. Uroderma magnirostrum is apparently a rare species in southeast Brazil, which corroborates most previous reports of populations of this bat at other localities.
Note The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(... more Note The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in b... more The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
Edilson Esteves , Cáp. 9) Impressão Rona Editora Ficha Técnica MENSAGEM DOS ORGANIZADORES As lice... more Edilson Esteves , Cáp. 9) Impressão Rona Editora Ficha Técnica MENSAGEM DOS ORGANIZADORES As licenças ambientais exerceram papel fundamental na geração dos dados que compõem esta obra. Vários estudos aqui reunidos foram originados no licenciamento dos projetos de mineração e todos demandaram autorização para pesquisa científica com a fauna silvestre. Por isso, destacamos a contribuição das equipes do Ibama e do ICMBio responsáveis pela análise dos processos de licenciamento e autorizações ambientais. Importante considerar ainda, de grande importância nos bastidores do livro, o grande esforço da Gerência de Meio Ambiente do Departamento de Ferrosos Norte, da Vale em Carajás, na discussão dos projetos ambientais juntos a estes órgãos, trabalhando no controle e monitoramento ambiental, fomentando grupos de pesquisadores, interagindo no dia a dia das pesquisas em campo e na geração de resultados que continuamente tem cooperado para a expansão e difusão do conhecimento científico sobre a Biodiversidade na Floresta Nacional de Carajás. A WORD FROM THE ORGANIZERS Environmental licenses played a fundamental role in generating the data that compose this work. Several studies gathered here have been demanded from licenses for mining projects and all of them demanded previous authorization for scientific research of wildlife. For this reason we emphasize the contribution of the Ibama (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) and ICMBio (Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation) teams, responsible for the analysis of licensing and environmental authorization processes. It is also important to point out behind the scenes of this book, the great effort from the Environment Management of Ferrous North, from Vale in Carajás, in the discussion of environmental projects with these organs, working in the environmental control and monitoring, thereby promoting researchers teams, interacting in the day-to-day field researches and in the generation of results that have been continuously cooperating with the expansion and dissemination of the scientific knowledge on Biodiversity in Carajás National Forest. 10 | FAUNA DA FLORESTA NACIONAL DE CARAJÁS ESTUDOS SOBRE VERTEBRADOS TERRESTRES | 11 12 | FAUNA DA FLORESTA NACIONAL DE CARAJÁS ESTUDOS SOBRE VERTEBRADOS TERRESTRES | 13
Under the assumption that wing shape predicts bat species flight performance, I analyzed wing sha... more Under the assumption that wing shape predicts bat species flight performance, I analyzed wing shape data of phylostomid bats from Rio Doce State Park (PERD), located in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Correlations between size-related variables in phyllostomid species were positive as expected, with the exception of those between mass and aspect ratio. Wing loadings varied from low to very high, and increased with body mass less than expected. Aspect ratios were homogeneously low, and wingtips were more variable in length than in area. Most phyllostomids had tip shape indexes close to or larger than 1, with the exceptions of Chiroderma and Tonatia. The foraging guilds matrix incorporating three fruit bats ensembles amplified the number of potential, suitable niche categories for bats from PERD: (1) understorey frugivores that consume Piperaceae and have broad wing surfaces, developed interfemoral membranes, low wing loadings (WL) aspect ratios (AR), and high tip shape indexes (TSI); ...
The deforestation is a major cause of forest degradation and habitat fragmentation in the Amazon.... more The deforestation is a major cause of forest degradation and habitat fragmentation in the Amazon. The destruction of habitat is the main threat to terrestrial mammal species. The BR-319 highway, abandoned since the year of 1988, is now proposed for reconstruction, threatening local biodiversity in Madeira-Purus interfluve. This interfluve is a region of high biodiversity and with heterogeneous ecosystems. We developed two scenarios of potential deforestation in the region of influence of Highway BR-319 with Dinamica-EGO software. The first scenario does not consider the reconstruction of the road (scenario without road) and the second considers the reconstruction of the highway in 2015 (scenario with road). Additionally we create ecological niche models to predict habitat suitability using Maxent software and derive the potential distribution of the fruit bat species Artibeus obscurus. To validate the deforestation model we used a modified fuzzy test and for the ecological niche model we used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. With the worst deforestation scenario (with the reconstruction of the highway) we calculate lost bat habitat. In the "without road" scenario the increase of deforestation is 5%, and in the "with road" scenario it is 11%. For this scenario, there is a 10% reduction in available habitat for the bat species.
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Cyttarops alecto is a rare bat, poorly recorded along its distributional range. In this paper, we... more Cyttarops alecto is a rare bat, poorly recorded along its distributional range. In this paper, we report the fi rst record of C. alecto for the western Brazilian Amazon, provide information on distribution and morphological variation of the species along with taxonomic comments based on comparisons of our specimen with the previous information reported in the literature, and we reinterpret the precise type locality for the species.
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Papers by Valeria Tavares
Chiroderma have a wide distribution from western México to southern Brazil, species limits within Chiroderma are not
clearly defined, as attested by identification errors in the literature, and there is no comprehensive revision of the genus
that includes morphological and molecular data. Our review is based on phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (COI
and CYTB) and two nuclear (RAG2 and DBY) genes, coalescence analyses of mitochondrial genes, and morphological
analyses including type specimens of all named taxa. We recognize seven species in three clades: the first clade includes
(1) C. scopaeum Handley, 1966, endemic to western México and previously considered a subspecies of C. salvini; and (2)
C. salvini Dobson, 1878, a taxon associated with montane forests, distributed from México to Bolivia; the second clade
includes (3) C. improvisum Baker and Genoways, 1976, endemic to the Lesser Antilles, and (4) C. villosum Peters, 1860,
widely distributed on the continental mainland and polytypic, with subspecies C. v. villosum and C. v. jesupi; and the third
clade includes (5) the polytypic C. doriae Thomas, 1891, with C. d. doriae distributed in eastern Brazil and Paraguay, and
C. d. vizottoi, occurring in northeastern Brazil; (6) C. trinitatum Goodwin, 1958, distributed from Trinidad to Amazonia;
and (7) C. gorgasi Handley, 1960, distributed from Honduras to trans-Andean South America, previously considered a
subspecies of C. trinitatum.
Chiroderma have a wide distribution from western México to southern Brazil, species limits within Chiroderma are not
clearly defined, as attested by identification errors in the literature, and there is no comprehensive revision of the genus
that includes morphological and molecular data. Our review is based on phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (COI
and CYTB) and two nuclear (RAG2 and DBY) genes, coalescence analyses of mitochondrial genes, and morphological
analyses including type specimens of all named taxa. We recognize seven species in three clades: the first clade includes
(1) C. scopaeum Handley, 1966, endemic to western México and previously considered a subspecies of C. salvini; and (2)
C. salvini Dobson, 1878, a taxon associated with montane forests, distributed from México to Bolivia; the second clade
includes (3) C. improvisum Baker and Genoways, 1976, endemic to the Lesser Antilles, and (4) C. villosum Peters, 1860,
widely distributed on the continental mainland and polytypic, with subspecies C. v. villosum and C. v. jesupi; and the third
clade includes (5) the polytypic C. doriae Thomas, 1891, with C. d. doriae distributed in eastern Brazil and Paraguay, and
C. d. vizottoi, occurring in northeastern Brazil; (6) C. trinitatum Goodwin, 1958, distributed from Trinidad to Amazonia;
and (7) C. gorgasi Handley, 1960, distributed from Honduras to trans-Andean South America, previously considered a
subspecies of C. trinitatum.