
Matheus Grandi
Related Authors
Gisela Pires Do Rio
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
Patrícia Silveira
Colégio Pedro II
InterestsView All (11)
Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.
Related Authors
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
Colégio Pedro II
Uploads
Papers by Matheus Grandi
------------
This article presents an analysis of toponymic scalar politics, proposing an analytical tool for studying changes in place names. The methodology includes a comprehensive and systematic literature review on toponymy and geography, as well as an empirical case study focused on the city of Petrópolis (RJ). The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of scale, scalarity, and scalar politics, highlighting how place naming reflects and shapes identities and spatial narratives. The results show that place naming is influenced by specific historical and political contexts, with actions of naming, renaming, erasure, and maintenance playing crucial roles in the construction and reconstruction of urban memories. In Petrópolis, it was observed how toponymic changes reflected power transitions and new political narratives over time. It is concluded that toponymic scalar politics are effective analytical tools for understanding the (re)production of urban space, revealing power relations and symbolic disputes present in the spatial configuration of cities.
---------
Starting from the understanding that informality is not something external to the state, as it is part of its spatial practices, we argue that urban informality is a central element of the urban regime of the Global South, since its flexibility is used in a calculated way to guarantee the conditions and objectives of the state when it comes to planning and governing cities. To do this, we use excerpts from the history of the constitution of housing informality in the city of Rio de Janeiro between the 1930s and 1960s. After a brief presentation of the debate on urban informality, the article discusses the role that the regulation of the legal status and internal political-economic activities of favelas played in guaranteeing the continuity and updating of an urban regime characterized by instability, precariousness, inequality, and violence. Finally: we affirm urban informality as a heterogeneous set of practices that exist within the state and constitute logics of management and production of the differential value of urban space; we emphasize the importance that the normative ambiguities and contradictions of the state have for the flexible use of informality; and we highlight the role of urban planning in this process.
ABSTRACT: The Brazilian sem-teto or homeless worker movement is one of the main contemporary social urban movements in Brazil. As in other movements, the category struggle is central in the discursive theorizations legitimating its socio-spatial practices. This article begins with the polysemy and the metamorphosis of the struggle category in order to reflect upon the expressions used by this activism to scalarize its actions. First, some basic notions on scalarity are presented; then, two aspects of the practice-political role in the scalarity category are highlighted. These aspects point to the emergence of this struggle as a scalar one. In turn, scalarity helps us to explain the workings of the world, the drivers of some actions, and the transcendence of daily socio-spatial practices by sem-teto activists. Finally, the practical, dual (contiguous and discontinuous), and necessarily political features of geographic scales are highlighted.
ABSTRACT: The “scale problem” emerges in Geography at the moment in which the need to organize the possibly identifiable spatial units is highlighted as a methodological concern. Thus, it became explicit and treated in this academic field, specially from the 1950s onward. In the following years the diffusion of other theoretical-political references in Western socio-spatial research allowed the scalar issue to be observed from approaches for which the act of divide and organize the space was not merely a methodological issue, but also an epistemological and political one ―and, therefore, scale was recognized as directly linked to the practice and social action. But the proliferation of works on geographical scales did not occur homogeneously in the different linguistic environments of the specialized literature. In the Anglophone case, for example, it was from the end of the 1980s that this happened. The aim of this article is to characterize the main axes of the debate on geographical scales that took place between approximately the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century in the research carried out in the environment of Anglophone Geography in order to increase the plurality of issues that fertilize the understandings on geographical scale
RESUMEN: El “problema de la escala” surge en Geografía en el momento en que se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de organizar las unidades espaciales identificables como una preocupación metodológica. Así, el tema se vuelve explícito y tratado en este ámbito académico principalmente a partir de la década de 1950. La difusión de ciertas referencias teórico-políticas en las investigaciones socio-espaciales ocidentales permitió que la cuestión escalar fuera, en los años siguientes, observada desde enfoques para los que d ividir y organizar el espacio no era una cuestión meramente metodológica, sino también epistemológica y política ―y, por lo tanto, directamente vinculada a la práctica y a la acción social. Pero la proliferación de trabajos sobre escalas geográficas no se produjo de forma homogénea en los distintos ámbitos lingüísticos de la literatura especializada. En el caso anglófono, por ejemplo, eso ocurrió a partir de finales de lo s años ochenta. El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar los principales ejes del debate sobre las escalas geográficas que tuvo lugar aproximadamente entre la última década del siglo XX y la primera del siglo XXI en las investigaciones realizadas en el entorno de la Geografía anglófona con el fin de aumentar la pluralidad de cuestiones que alimentan las reflexiones sobre la escala geográfica.
ABSTRACT: This text consists of an experimental methodological exercise that aims to launch an introductory scalar look at the covid-19 pandemic by reflecting on how sanitary recommendations of "social isolation" influence the perception of the space of the house as a meaningful geographical scale in these pandemic times, considering above all the inequalities that impacts the experience of subjects with such scale.
RESUMEN: El texto consiste en un ejercicio metodológico experimental que tiene por objeto lanzar una mirada escalar introductoria a la pandemia de covid-19 utilizándose de reflexiones sobre cómo las recomendaciones sanitarias de "aislamiento social" influyen en la percepción del corte espacial de la casa como una escala geográfica significativa em nuestros tiempos pandémicos, considerando sobre todo las desigualdades que condicionan la experiencia de los sujetos con dicha escala.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is to contribute to identify some of the main characteristics of the debate around the scale problem, which is widespread in Anglo-Saxon geographical literature and, at different levels, also recently debated in Spanish and Portuguese literature. From this interest unfolds the pursued objective of rescuing some central elements considered important to analyze thematic persistence in the debate about scalarity from works accepted as central to the history of Western geographic thought in the period between the mid-nineteenth century and the mid-twentieth century. This concern is based on the recognition that at different moments in the history of geographical ideas the processes of socio-spatial differentiation were blended with the articulation of these differences and became topics continuously discussed in socio-spatial research. Such a fact highlights that these two are crucial aspects to the processes that make sense of human existence and action, consolidating itself as content and constituent of the world’s construction and reflection. The first part of the article focuses on the definition of spatial units, a concern that exists in the history of geographical thought and that is responsible for offering a spatial perspective on part-whole relationships. The second section focuses on the attempt to articulate and organize the spatial units, presented here as another crucial element in the emergence of the scale problem. Its relevance is emphasized because it plays an important role in the methodological reflections on spatial grouping and on statistical methods in socio-spatial investigations that marked the rise of concerns with geographical scales. These two stages of the text are methodologically based on bibliographical reviews of works from the period mentioned (when the material was accessible) and on comments on more recent authors considered influential in the contemporary debate about the concept of geographic scale. In the end, the main conclusions are presented, their relevance is underlined, and some questions for future research are suggested.
A proposta de autogestão pressupõe a igualdade de participação efetiva no exercício do poder, seja ele em sua dimensão formal ou informal. Seu caráter radicalmente democrático é afeito à heterogeneidade, que, por sua vez, pode levar à formação e consolidação de grupos de afinidade com perspectivas políticas diferentes. Nessa proposta, a igualdade de participação no poder faz com que cada pessoa tenha o mesmo peso nas deliberações, ganhando ênfase o processo de convencimento e de disputa por opiniões. No caso de nanoterritórios onde, em meio às interações pessoais, se faz presente o horizonte autogestionário, dinâmicas e práticas espaciais ligadas à constante e infindável construção desse regime político influenciam e são influenciadas diretamente pelas negociações feitas no dia a dia. Assim, as características da espacialidade cotidiana podem colaborar ou dificultar a elaboração de entendimentos nas interações. Neste artigo buscamos refletir sobre alguns aspectos dessa relação entre a espacialidade e as negociações cotidianas, tão importantes para processos de mobilização política coletiva de inspiração autogestionária. Para isso, lançamos o olhar sobre a Ocupação Chiquinha Gonzaga, ligada a uma parcela específica do movimento dos sem-teto carioca formada por ocupações da variante por coletivo, onde predominam as preocupações com o fomento de relações de poder internas com reduzidos traços de hierarquia. Através de uma pesquisa participante de caráter exploratório com as características de uma interação colaborativa (construída para além do período da pesquisa), pudemos observar elementos da espacialidade e das práticas espaciais cotidianas que indicam a elaboração coletiva de mecanismos próprios de negociação, tornando bastante específica a forma de autogestão em experiência nesse território. Dessa forma, foi possível também reforçarmos as indicações feitas por outros autores de que o pano de fundo político-filosófico aparentemente mais apropriado para a busca de um entendimento mútuo livre de coerções seja o projeto de uma sociedade basicamente autônoma.
ABSTRACT
The proposal of self-management presumes equal and effective participation in the exercise of power, in its formal or informal dimension. Its radical democratic character allows the expression of heterogeneity and, with time, may lead to the formation and consolidation of affinities groups with different political perspectives. Considering this proposal, the equal participation in power gives to every person the same weight in the dynamics of the deliberations, emphasizing the process of persuasion and the dispute for opinions. In the case of nanoterritories where, among the personal interactions, the horizon of self-management horizon is present, dynamics and spatial practices related to the constant and endless process of construction of this political regime influence and are influenced directly by everyday negotiations. Thus, the characteristics of the spatiality of everyday life could collaborate or disturb the elaboration of understanding of these interactions. In this article, we reflect upon some aspects of the relation between the spatiality and the everyday negotiations, both of which are important elements for processes of collective political mobilization inspired by self-management. In order to do that, we considered the case of Ocupação Chiquinha Gonzaga, which is part of a specific portion of the sem-teto movement of Rio de Janeiro (ie. the collective variant of this movement) where concerns related of the promotion of horizontal power relations predominates. Within an exploratory participant research with characteristics of a collaborative interaction (nourished even beyond the research period), we observed elements of the spatiality and everyday spatial practices that indicate a collective construction of particular mechanisms of negotiation, making the self-management experience of this territory a very specific one. We also reinforce the indications made by other authors that the political-philosophical background apparently more appropriate for the pursuit of mutual understanding, free of all kind of coercions, may be the project of a basically autonomous society.
------------
This article presents an analysis of toponymic scalar politics, proposing an analytical tool for studying changes in place names. The methodology includes a comprehensive and systematic literature review on toponymy and geography, as well as an empirical case study focused on the city of Petrópolis (RJ). The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of scale, scalarity, and scalar politics, highlighting how place naming reflects and shapes identities and spatial narratives. The results show that place naming is influenced by specific historical and political contexts, with actions of naming, renaming, erasure, and maintenance playing crucial roles in the construction and reconstruction of urban memories. In Petrópolis, it was observed how toponymic changes reflected power transitions and new political narratives over time. It is concluded that toponymic scalar politics are effective analytical tools for understanding the (re)production of urban space, revealing power relations and symbolic disputes present in the spatial configuration of cities.
---------
Starting from the understanding that informality is not something external to the state, as it is part of its spatial practices, we argue that urban informality is a central element of the urban regime of the Global South, since its flexibility is used in a calculated way to guarantee the conditions and objectives of the state when it comes to planning and governing cities. To do this, we use excerpts from the history of the constitution of housing informality in the city of Rio de Janeiro between the 1930s and 1960s. After a brief presentation of the debate on urban informality, the article discusses the role that the regulation of the legal status and internal political-economic activities of favelas played in guaranteeing the continuity and updating of an urban regime characterized by instability, precariousness, inequality, and violence. Finally: we affirm urban informality as a heterogeneous set of practices that exist within the state and constitute logics of management and production of the differential value of urban space; we emphasize the importance that the normative ambiguities and contradictions of the state have for the flexible use of informality; and we highlight the role of urban planning in this process.
ABSTRACT: The Brazilian sem-teto or homeless worker movement is one of the main contemporary social urban movements in Brazil. As in other movements, the category struggle is central in the discursive theorizations legitimating its socio-spatial practices. This article begins with the polysemy and the metamorphosis of the struggle category in order to reflect upon the expressions used by this activism to scalarize its actions. First, some basic notions on scalarity are presented; then, two aspects of the practice-political role in the scalarity category are highlighted. These aspects point to the emergence of this struggle as a scalar one. In turn, scalarity helps us to explain the workings of the world, the drivers of some actions, and the transcendence of daily socio-spatial practices by sem-teto activists. Finally, the practical, dual (contiguous and discontinuous), and necessarily political features of geographic scales are highlighted.
ABSTRACT: The “scale problem” emerges in Geography at the moment in which the need to organize the possibly identifiable spatial units is highlighted as a methodological concern. Thus, it became explicit and treated in this academic field, specially from the 1950s onward. In the following years the diffusion of other theoretical-political references in Western socio-spatial research allowed the scalar issue to be observed from approaches for which the act of divide and organize the space was not merely a methodological issue, but also an epistemological and political one ―and, therefore, scale was recognized as directly linked to the practice and social action. But the proliferation of works on geographical scales did not occur homogeneously in the different linguistic environments of the specialized literature. In the Anglophone case, for example, it was from the end of the 1980s that this happened. The aim of this article is to characterize the main axes of the debate on geographical scales that took place between approximately the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century in the research carried out in the environment of Anglophone Geography in order to increase the plurality of issues that fertilize the understandings on geographical scale
RESUMEN: El “problema de la escala” surge en Geografía en el momento en que se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de organizar las unidades espaciales identificables como una preocupación metodológica. Así, el tema se vuelve explícito y tratado en este ámbito académico principalmente a partir de la década de 1950. La difusión de ciertas referencias teórico-políticas en las investigaciones socio-espaciales ocidentales permitió que la cuestión escalar fuera, en los años siguientes, observada desde enfoques para los que d ividir y organizar el espacio no era una cuestión meramente metodológica, sino también epistemológica y política ―y, por lo tanto, directamente vinculada a la práctica y a la acción social. Pero la proliferación de trabajos sobre escalas geográficas no se produjo de forma homogénea en los distintos ámbitos lingüísticos de la literatura especializada. En el caso anglófono, por ejemplo, eso ocurrió a partir de finales de lo s años ochenta. El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar los principales ejes del debate sobre las escalas geográficas que tuvo lugar aproximadamente entre la última década del siglo XX y la primera del siglo XXI en las investigaciones realizadas en el entorno de la Geografía anglófona con el fin de aumentar la pluralidad de cuestiones que alimentan las reflexiones sobre la escala geográfica.
ABSTRACT: This text consists of an experimental methodological exercise that aims to launch an introductory scalar look at the covid-19 pandemic by reflecting on how sanitary recommendations of "social isolation" influence the perception of the space of the house as a meaningful geographical scale in these pandemic times, considering above all the inequalities that impacts the experience of subjects with such scale.
RESUMEN: El texto consiste en un ejercicio metodológico experimental que tiene por objeto lanzar una mirada escalar introductoria a la pandemia de covid-19 utilizándose de reflexiones sobre cómo las recomendaciones sanitarias de "aislamiento social" influyen en la percepción del corte espacial de la casa como una escala geográfica significativa em nuestros tiempos pandémicos, considerando sobre todo las desigualdades que condicionan la experiencia de los sujetos con dicha escala.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is to contribute to identify some of the main characteristics of the debate around the scale problem, which is widespread in Anglo-Saxon geographical literature and, at different levels, also recently debated in Spanish and Portuguese literature. From this interest unfolds the pursued objective of rescuing some central elements considered important to analyze thematic persistence in the debate about scalarity from works accepted as central to the history of Western geographic thought in the period between the mid-nineteenth century and the mid-twentieth century. This concern is based on the recognition that at different moments in the history of geographical ideas the processes of socio-spatial differentiation were blended with the articulation of these differences and became topics continuously discussed in socio-spatial research. Such a fact highlights that these two are crucial aspects to the processes that make sense of human existence and action, consolidating itself as content and constituent of the world’s construction and reflection. The first part of the article focuses on the definition of spatial units, a concern that exists in the history of geographical thought and that is responsible for offering a spatial perspective on part-whole relationships. The second section focuses on the attempt to articulate and organize the spatial units, presented here as another crucial element in the emergence of the scale problem. Its relevance is emphasized because it plays an important role in the methodological reflections on spatial grouping and on statistical methods in socio-spatial investigations that marked the rise of concerns with geographical scales. These two stages of the text are methodologically based on bibliographical reviews of works from the period mentioned (when the material was accessible) and on comments on more recent authors considered influential in the contemporary debate about the concept of geographic scale. In the end, the main conclusions are presented, their relevance is underlined, and some questions for future research are suggested.
A proposta de autogestão pressupõe a igualdade de participação efetiva no exercício do poder, seja ele em sua dimensão formal ou informal. Seu caráter radicalmente democrático é afeito à heterogeneidade, que, por sua vez, pode levar à formação e consolidação de grupos de afinidade com perspectivas políticas diferentes. Nessa proposta, a igualdade de participação no poder faz com que cada pessoa tenha o mesmo peso nas deliberações, ganhando ênfase o processo de convencimento e de disputa por opiniões. No caso de nanoterritórios onde, em meio às interações pessoais, se faz presente o horizonte autogestionário, dinâmicas e práticas espaciais ligadas à constante e infindável construção desse regime político influenciam e são influenciadas diretamente pelas negociações feitas no dia a dia. Assim, as características da espacialidade cotidiana podem colaborar ou dificultar a elaboração de entendimentos nas interações. Neste artigo buscamos refletir sobre alguns aspectos dessa relação entre a espacialidade e as negociações cotidianas, tão importantes para processos de mobilização política coletiva de inspiração autogestionária. Para isso, lançamos o olhar sobre a Ocupação Chiquinha Gonzaga, ligada a uma parcela específica do movimento dos sem-teto carioca formada por ocupações da variante por coletivo, onde predominam as preocupações com o fomento de relações de poder internas com reduzidos traços de hierarquia. Através de uma pesquisa participante de caráter exploratório com as características de uma interação colaborativa (construída para além do período da pesquisa), pudemos observar elementos da espacialidade e das práticas espaciais cotidianas que indicam a elaboração coletiva de mecanismos próprios de negociação, tornando bastante específica a forma de autogestão em experiência nesse território. Dessa forma, foi possível também reforçarmos as indicações feitas por outros autores de que o pano de fundo político-filosófico aparentemente mais apropriado para a busca de um entendimento mútuo livre de coerções seja o projeto de uma sociedade basicamente autônoma.
ABSTRACT
The proposal of self-management presumes equal and effective participation in the exercise of power, in its formal or informal dimension. Its radical democratic character allows the expression of heterogeneity and, with time, may lead to the formation and consolidation of affinities groups with different political perspectives. Considering this proposal, the equal participation in power gives to every person the same weight in the dynamics of the deliberations, emphasizing the process of persuasion and the dispute for opinions. In the case of nanoterritories where, among the personal interactions, the horizon of self-management horizon is present, dynamics and spatial practices related to the constant and endless process of construction of this political regime influence and are influenced directly by everyday negotiations. Thus, the characteristics of the spatiality of everyday life could collaborate or disturb the elaboration of understanding of these interactions. In this article, we reflect upon some aspects of the relation between the spatiality and the everyday negotiations, both of which are important elements for processes of collective political mobilization inspired by self-management. In order to do that, we considered the case of Ocupação Chiquinha Gonzaga, which is part of a specific portion of the sem-teto movement of Rio de Janeiro (ie. the collective variant of this movement) where concerns related of the promotion of horizontal power relations predominates. Within an exploratory participant research with characteristics of a collaborative interaction (nourished even beyond the research period), we observed elements of the spatiality and everyday spatial practices that indicate a collective construction of particular mechanisms of negotiation, making the self-management experience of this territory a very specific one. We also reinforce the indications made by other authors that the political-philosophical background apparently more appropriate for the pursuit of mutual understanding, free of all kind of coercions, may be the project of a basically autonomous society.
-----------
Relations between space and power manifest in the processes of space production, its organisation, and the uses of territory, among others, and should be problematised at all spatial scales and forms. The analyses presented here consider different contributions and interpretations of these processes from multiple approaches to geographical practice, highlighting the relevance of this field of knowledge. Therefore, it becomes crucial to question the ways in which the interests of class and hegemonic, subordinated, and counter-hegemonic social groups are transformed into actions, making conflict a central aspect in the use of territory and in the production and appropriation of space. While on the one hand there are agents who dominate the organisation and ordering of space – the State and capital, broadly speaking – on the other hand, dynamics in the everyday life of territories and places around the world demonstrate that their concreteness is also influenced by society as a whole, with the struggles and resistances of the working classes, peripheral groups, traditional peoples and communities, and populations from various perspectives, always considering their determinations and intersections of the most diverse social markers of difference. It is no coincidence that many of the studies reported here are closely related to processes of social mobilisation, emphasising the role of engagement and territorially referenced activities within the realms of teaching, research, and extension in the trajectory of the authors who have contributed to this volume. The research compiled here also has a formative dimension, as it helps us to understand our place in the world and demonstrates in practice that the construction of geographical knowledge also informs the positions we adopt within it as individual and collective subjects, constituting what is understood as praxis. We bring together here the work of faculty and students who share these concerns within the scope of twelve years of teaching, research, and extension activities of the Research Line "Geography and Relations of Power" in the Postgraduate Programme in Geography at the Faculty of Teacher Education of the State University of Rio de Janeiro – PPGGEO/FFP/UERJ. We hope that this volume demonstrates part of the variety of thematic, methodological, and theoretical approaches that distinguish us and inspire us as we face the new cycle opened by the recent approval of the Doctoral course in our programme, starting in 2025. At the same time, we aim to contribute with reflections that offer research horizons capable of continuing to assist the academic environment in understanding the conflictual processes of space production and territory use, particularly the tactics and strategies of social action and territorial engagement committed to transforming reality.
-----
This book assumes that the scalar dimension of spatiality, and therefore the delineations of space and the forms of organisation and integration of its parts, play a crucial role in the epistemological mechanisms that create and connect the parts of space to one another, producing different totalities. Such a scalar principle is identified at various moments in the history of geography; the emergence of the so-called "scale problem" is contextualised; and some of the more recent debates on the subject are systematised. Emphasis on the political nature of geographical scales encourages reflection on this aspect from the perspective of social agents who construct space from non-hegemonic positions – such as social movements. It is the sem-teto movement in Brazil and the scalar content of their everyday socio-spatial practices that inspire the reflections presented here. Scalarity underscores the importance of the spatial dimension in the process of understanding the existing world and in the creation of new horizons. It also highlights the necessity of the full recognition of the Other within this process, including the different ways of assigning meaning to space, its delineations, and articulations. Maintaining focus on scalarity from this perspective – constructivist and relational – while simultaneously considering the political aspects of its dynamics proves to be essential for reflections on the struggles surrounding the production of space as a whole. The three theses emerging in this book explicitly state that the scalar dimension is crucial to the construction and, above all, to the institution of the ways in which the different parts of the world are produced, articulated, connected, and related, which in turn influences the actions deemed possible to carry out upon reality. It is therefore established that the entanglements linking geographical scales to action transform them into important instruments of power.