Papers by Juha Kotilainen
The global biodiversity is in decline because modern societies are organized for that purpose. Th... more The global biodiversity is in decline because modern societies are organized for that purpose. The design, implementation and enforcement of international, regional and national environmental policies have not helped to reverse the trend. In our paper, we analyze the hardship of protecting the gray wolf in Finland, the big-leaf mahogany in Peru, and the Amur tiger in Russia. Our comparative approach is based on the old institutional economics, and our key concept -the unit of analysis -is a transaction, i.e. enactment, practice and transfer of formal and informal rights to future benefits. Transactions challenge, disturb and re-organize the existing institutional scaffold. William Connolly (The Fragility of Things, 2013) and Terrence Deacon (Incomplete Nature, 2012) have recently argued that teleodynamics, the purposeful and end-directed behaviors and the reactions and disturbances in other related ententional behaviors are key to understand not only the dynamics of institutional change per se but also, and especially so, the emergent patterns of behavior resulting from resistance and adaptation. These teleodynamic consequences reveal the problems in institutional fit, i.e. how the institutional arrangements, particular customary circumstances and habitual actors fit together. We abduct three types of emerging order springing from the reactions to national biodiversity policies: (i) the practice of faking the institutional fit, (ii) the practice of disobedience; and, (iii) willingness to take part in the making of new institutional arrangements. These vary according to the purpose, working rules (set of rights) and motivation. We explain the interrelated meaning of purpose, working rules and motivation in the context of institutional fit in detail. In our cases, the fit is not exactly the one envisioned through the authoritative rules and the purpose of institutional conservation, but it is an order nevertheless, and that order is not necessarily good for endangered species.
New Discoveries and Theories Revisited, 2014
... 247 s.). MIKKO HUHTAMIES Perinteitä luomassa ja jatkamassa (Piela, Knuuttila &Laaksonen (... more ... 247 s.). MIKKO HUHTAMIES Perinteitä luomassa ja jatkamassa (Piela, Knuuttila &Laaksonen (toim.): Kalevalan kulttuurihistoria. 578 s. & Salminen: Aatteen tiede. 282 s.). HANNU LINKOLA ... 369 s.). OUTI-KRISTIINA HÄNNIKÄINEN
Tiivistelmä: Ekologisen modernisaation rajat. Diss. -- Joensuun yliopisto.
European Countryside, 2015
ABSTRACT
Resources Policy, 2015
ABSTRACT The article analyzes the emergence of and practices related to corporate social responsi... more ABSTRACT The article analyzes the emergence of and practices related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies of the mining industry in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The study draws from an analysis of publicly available CSR reports and additional interviews with the stakeholders of the mining industry in these countries. The forms and emergence of corporate social responsibility policies with relevance to the mining industry and the post-socialist context are first reviewed. The roles of the national and local contexts in the formation of the CSR practices are then investigated. The differences of the emergent CSR models in these two countries are analyzed, as well as the underlying factors for the differences or similarities. It is concluded that despite the shared Soviet legacy, the CSR policies of the mining companies have clearly been diverging in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The difference emerges from the ways in which the mining companies adapt their CSR practices to the different sets of stakeholders. The CSR practices are influenced strongly by the national context in which the mining operations are conducted. The study shows that CSR activities of the mining industry should be analyzed as consisting of global commitments on the one hand, and varying forms of national and local scale implementations on the other hand.
Journal for Nature Conservation, 2015
Journal of Historical Geography, 2011
In this paper, interpretations of sustainable forestry are investigated against the historical ba... more In this paper, interpretations of sustainable forestry are investigated against the historical background of transformations in the industrial utilisation of forests. Three distinct forest policy regimes in Finland since the 19th century are identified. First, the introduction of the German forestry model, with the central notion of sustained yield, and the establishment of the Finnish Forest Service took place simultaneously in the latter half of the 19th century. These actions aimed at changing patterns of local forest use considered detrimental to long-term forest utilisation. Second, a national forest sector was established during the 20th century. Industrial forestry was seen as a guarantee of economic independence for the new nation-state. Third, during a recent phase the influence of non-governmental organisations and international forest industry companies has increased, and traditional power relations have changed as issues such as biodiversity, forest certification and global investments have been introduced to the debates. It is concluded that the recent transformations in forest management should be read as transformations in industrial forestry rather than as abandonment of industrial forest use models; the legacy of the 19th century German forest science still prevails in forest management.
Forest Policy and Economics, 2011
The decline of biological diversity is one of the major global concerns of our time. Despite all ... more The decline of biological diversity is one of the major global concerns of our time. Despite all the efforts over the past 15 years since the Rio Summit, we have seen no improvement in the state of biodiversity; in fact, if anything, the decline has accelerated. The paper argues that problematic institutional incentive structures are an important contributing factor that aggravates biodiversity crisis worldwide. In this, countries do differ from each other, but in essence biodiversity loss has become more severe because of the empty status function for biodiversity and the organised irresponsibility allowed by erroneous natural resources policies not able to reasonably and efficiently address the interlinkedness of human and ecological systems. The paper uses Finland, Peru, and Russia as examples. The paper concludes by offering an explanatory hypothesis how slowly acknowledged significance of ecosystem functions and, consequently, ecosystem approach is initiating changes in the governance principles of forest resources in these three countriesand why.
European Planning Studies, 2013
In order to theorize the phenomenon of urban shrinkage, the paper draws from resilience theories ... more In order to theorize the phenomenon of urban shrinkage, the paper draws from resilience theories that focus on the ability of communities to react to abrupt as well as slowly occurring disturbances. Mechanisms for resilience are defined and identified. The empirical case study is a peripherally located small city in Finland. It is a specific feature for shrinking cities in Finland that many of them, now facing the challenge of population decline, have grown to be economically dependent on the utilization and processing of natural resources, most importantly timber and minerals. Recent transformations in the global division of labour have caused employment opportunities to decline, resulting in out-migration and ageing. Due to lack of a general regional policy dealing with this issue, these cities and settlements now have to find individual strategies to adapt to these wider-scale transformations. Nevertheless, these communities have faced such situations previously and, therefore, it is possible to learn from their former adaptation strategies. The conditions under which the case city has been able to adapt to change in the past are analysed as well as the preconditions for future adaptation, thereby making it possible to refine theories of resilience and adaptability from the perspective of industrialized Northern Europe.
Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2003
Page 1. 384 Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2003, 44, No. 5, pp. 384-402. Copyright © 2003 by V... more Page 1. 384 Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2003, 44, No. 5, pp. 384-402. Copyright © 2003 by VH Winston & Son, Inc. All rights reserved. Ownership Changes and Transformation of the Russian Pulp and Paper Industry Jarmo Kortelainen and Juha Kotilainen1 ...
Environmental Politics, 2008
ABSTRACT The varying ways in which environmental politics takes place in Russia are analysed by d... more ABSTRACT The varying ways in which environmental politics takes place in Russia are analysed by discussing the potentiality of the processes of ecological modernisation. The focus is on the forest industry sector of the Russian economy, which has, like Russia in general, undergone considerable transformations. First, the premises of ecological modernisation theory are discussed, and four potential scenarios for ecological modernisation in Russia are discussed. The recent transformation of environmental politics and the forest industry sector of the economy are then explored. Six empirical case studies from the European part of the Russian Federation are introduced and their analysis pays attention to factors that have proven to be significant in bringing about environmental improvements: state regulation, implementation of technological solutions, pressure from the environmental movement, and enterprise ownership. Based on this framework, the different directions generating incentives, motivations and driving forces for environmental improvements in Russia are analysed, as well as the contradictions arising from these processes
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Papers by Juha Kotilainen