Papers by Hannu Kiviranta
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security
The objective of article is to harmonize and integrate the activities of the New European Union (... more The objective of article is to harmonize and integrate the activities of the New European Union (EU) Member State — Estonia in the field of chemical food safety with those of Old Member States. This will be achieved by the activities planned in two paths: one aimed at gathering knowledge on sources of dietary data and another focussing on strategies/approaches
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2008
Background, aim, and scope The paper describes the spatial contamination of the River Kymijoki, S... more Background, aim, and scope The paper describes the spatial contamination of the River Kymijoki, South-Eastern Finland, and the coastal region of the Gulf of Finland with PCDD/Fs and mercury. The findings of ecotoxicologial and human health studies are also reported, including environmental and human risk assessments. Sediments from the River Kymijoki, draining into the Gulf of Finland, have been heavily polluted by the pulp and paper industry and by chemical industries. A wood preservative, known as Ky-5, was manufactured in the upper reaches of the river between 1940 and 1984 causing severe pollution of river sediments with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and diben-
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Environ Sci Technol, 2002
... 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents (TEQs) were calculated according to the recommendations of ... more ... 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents (TEQs) were calculated according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (21). Quality Control and Assurance. The participating testing laboratories used accredited methods to analyze the sediment samples. ...
Wos, Jan 8, 2015
The aim of this study was to assess eight firefighters&am... more The aim of this study was to assess eight firefighters' exposure to Sthamex 3% AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) in the simulation of aircraft accidents at Oulu airport in Finland. Study was conducted in 2010 before limitation for the use of PFOA and PFOS in AFFFs. Due to prospective limitation also eight commercially available AFFFs were evaluated from occupational and environmental point of view to find substitutive AFFFs for future. The firefighters' exposure to twelve perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAS) was analyzed in order to observe the signs of accumulation during three consecutive training sessions. The firefighters' short-term exposure to 2-butoxyethanol (EGBE) was analyzed by urinalysis of 2-butoxyacetic acid (2-BAA). For the background information also the concentration of PFAS in used AFFF-liquid was analyzed. Fire fighters' serum PFHxS and PFNA concentrations seemed to increase during the three training sessions although they were not the main PFAS in used AFFF. The statistical significance for the elevations was not able to test due to limited size of test group. In two training sessions, the average urinary excretions of 2-BAA exceeded the reference limit of the occupationally unexposed population. In the evaluations of the firefighting foams, non-fluorine based products were favored and the alcohol resistance properties of foams were recommended for consideration due to the increasing use of biofuels.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 10889869991219190, Jun 3, 2010
ABSTRACT Compost windrows for bioremediation of soil were built at a wood-preserving site contami... more ABSTRACT Compost windrows for bioremediation of soil were built at a wood-preserving site contaminated with chlorophenols, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Sampling of airborne particles during the mixing of the compost windrows found concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs in different particle sizes. The congener distribution of PCDDs and PCDFs in the collected air particle fractions was similar to that in the compost windrows, and the level of PCDDs and PCDFs was 1000-fold higher than the atmospheric background values reported previously. Viable particle-sizing samplers and several selective growth media were used to enumerate bacteria and fungi in the airborne particles. From the collected air samples, 40 bacteria were isolated and identified. Among the isolated bacteria, 80% were Gram-positive and spore-forming. Two of the identified airborne bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus, may cause human disease and are classified in biological agent hazard group 2. The amounts of airborne fungi, molds, and yeasts were 1000 to 2000 colony-forming units (CFUs) per m. The number of actinomycetes was up to 6-fold, and the number of bacteria was 2- to 20-fold compared to background values. The overall level of airborne bacteria (200 to 3500 CFUs per m) was low compared to the level of bacteria (10 to 10 CFUs per m) found when composting municipal waste.
ABSTRACT The profiles (concentrations scaled to a sum of 100) of PBDEs in aquatic fauna differ fr... more ABSTRACT The profiles (concentrations scaled to a sum of 100) of PBDEs in aquatic fauna differ from those of commercial PBDEs formations, particulary by a much higher proportion of the congener 47.
In South-East-Finland in 2003 PBDE mean sum (14 congeners) in adult moose decreased slightly from... more In South-East-Finland in 2003 PBDE mean sum (14 congeners) in adult moose decreased slightly from 0.28 ng/g lipid weight (lw) (range from 0.00 to 0.50 ng/g lw) to 0.23 ng/g lw (range from 0.08 to 0.49 ng/g lw) in Middle-Finland in 2007. In northern part of Finland, Finnish Lapland in 2006, PBDE mean sum of 14 congeners was 0.006 ng/g lw (range from 0.00 to 0.04 ng/g lw) in adult moose being only 3% of that in moose calves (0.23 ng/g lw) (range from 0.00 to 0.90 ng/g lw) . It was observed that the congeners representing the penta-BDEs (BDE-47, -99, and -100) and octa-BDEs (BDE-154, -153 and -183) were generally the most dominating PBDEs in the muscle samples of moose calf and adult moose.
Food Additives and Contaminants Part a Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure and Risk Assessment, Apr 27, 2010
Environmental health : a global access science source, 2015
Congenital cryptorchidism, i.e. failure of the testicular descent to the bottom of the scrotum, i... more Congenital cryptorchidism, i.e. failure of the testicular descent to the bottom of the scrotum, is a common birth defect. The evidence from epidemiological, wildlife, and animal studies suggests that exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals during fetal development may play a role in its pathogenesis. We aimed to assess the association between cryptorchidism and prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). We conducted a case-control study consisting of 44 cryptorchid cases, and 38 controls operated for inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, or hydrocele at the Turku University Hospital or Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen in 2002-2006. During the operation a subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy was taken. Samples were analysed for 37 PCBs, 17 PCDD/Fs and 14 PBDEs by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chemical concentrations were adjusted for postnatal va...
Environmental Health, 2015
In animal experiments persistent organic pollutants (POPs) cause hepatosteatosis. In epidemiologi... more In animal experiments persistent organic pollutants (POPs) cause hepatosteatosis. In epidemiological studies POPs have positive associations with serum markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and together with obesity synergistic association with insulin resistance. Because insulin resistance and obesity are critical in NAFLD pathogenesis, we investigated the association of serum pollutant levels with liver histology and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in morbidly obese. Liver biopsies were from 161 participants of the Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study (KOBS) who underwent bariatric surgery 2005-2011. Liver histology was categorized as normal, steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver phenotype at baseline and ALT at baseline and 12 months post-surgery were correlated to serum POP concentrations at respective time points. As lipophilic POPs concentrate to smaller fat volume during weight loss, serum levels before and 12 months after bariatric surgery were compared. Baseline serum concentration of PCB-118, β-HCH and several PFAAs had an inverse association with lobular inflammation possibly due to changes in bile acid metabolism. ALT had negative associations with many POPs at baseline that turned positive at 12 months after major clinical improvements. There was an interaction between some POPs and sex at 12 months, and in stratified data positive associations were observed mainly in females but not in males. We found a negative association between serum concentrations of PCB-118, β-HCH and several PFAAs with lobular inflammation at baseline. Positive POPs-ATL associations at 12 months among women suggest that increased POP concentrations may decrease the degree of liver recovery.
Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jan 31, 2015
Prenatal exposures to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been associated with asthma medic... more Prenatal exposures to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been associated with asthma medication use and self-reported symptoms, but associations with lung function and allergic sensitization have been minimally explored. The aim of the study was to examine associations between prenatal exposures to POPs and allergic sensitization and lung function in 20-year old offspring. In a Danish cohort of 965 pregnant women established in 1988-89, six polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) were quantified in archived maternal serum drawn in gestational week 30 (n=872). At age 20 years, 416 offspring (45% of those invited) attended a clinical examination including measurements of allergic sensitization (serum specific IgE > 0.35 kUA /L) and lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC)). There were no associations between maternal concentrations of POPs and o...
Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine: AAEM
Occupational exposure of workers to airborne microorganisms and volatile organic compounds (VOC) ... more Occupational exposure of workers to airborne microorganisms and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in different types of waste treatment situations was examined during summer time. Microorganisms were collected as stationary samples using a six-stage Andersen impactor, while for VOCs both personal and stationary sampling was conducted. The exposure at the waste handling facility was considerably greater than at landfill sites or in waste collection. The concentrations of viable fungi were maximally 10(5) cfu/m3, and the concentrations of both total culturable bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria exceeded the proposed occupational exposure limit values (OELV), being 10(4) and 10(3) cfu/m3, respectively. Exposure to VOCs in the waste handling facility was three times higher than at the landfill sites, being at highest 3000 microg/m3, considered to be the limit for discomfort. The use of personal protective equipment at work, thorough hand washing and changing clothes after the work shift...
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were ... more Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were monitored in Finnish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). PCDD/F and PCB concentrations were higher in reindeer calf meat than in the meat of an adult reindeer. Majority of the combined WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ values comprised of WHO-PCB-TEQs throughout the samples. It was found that reindeer meat from the Northern Lapland contained lower concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs than reindeer meat from Middle Lapland or meat from the southern parts of the reindeer management area. Although reindeer calves that were born dead had measurable quantities of PCDD/Fs and PCBs, the analysis of reindeer milk revealed that reindeer calves are considerably exposed to PCDD/Fs and PCBs via reindeer milk during their nursing period.
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Papers by Hannu Kiviranta