Administracion

El siglo XVIII, en el que se producen importantes movimientos culturales, a la vez que acontecimientos políticos de gran influencia en la historia de Europa y América, no es precisamente un siglo de cultivo excepcional de ciertos géneros literarios, como la lírica y el teatro, sino una época de pensamiento y reflexión, de consideración de todo lo que se ha añadido al conocimiento humano a lo largo de su historia. En la mayoría de la literatura producida predomina el didactismo, es decir, el afán de instruir y enseñar. Esa misma característica se quiere imprimir al teatro, además de intentar la recuperación de las formas clásicas de la Antigüedad, a las que se considera modelo de equilibrio y belleza. A este movimiento estético que afecta a todas las artes se le llama Neoclasicismo y es el estilo predominante en el arte del siglo XVIII.

La privatización es un proceso en el cual él una empresa pública sin fines de lucro o el Estado vende sus actividades a empresas privadas, ya sean naturales o jurídicas haciendo que lo que antes pertenecía a la sociedad quedara en manos de empresarios que persiguen sus propios beneficios.

La contabilidad es una técnica que se ocupa de registrar, clasificar y resumir las operaciones mercantiles de un negocio con el fin de interpretar sus resultados. Por consiguiente, los gerentes o directores a través de la contabilidad podrán orientarse sobre el curso que siguen sus negocios mediante datos contables y estadísticos. Estos datos permiten conocer la estabilidad y solvencia de la compañía, la corriente de cobros y pagos, las tendencias de las ventas, costos y gastos generales, entre otros. De manera que se pueda conocer la capacidad financiera de la empresa.

The PLATINO project was launched in 2002 in order to study the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Latin America. Because smoking is the main risk factor for COPD, detailed data on it were obtained. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the prevalence of smoking and incidence of initiation among middle-aged and older adults (40 years or older). Special emphasis was given to the association between smoking and schooling.

We have considered the extent to which details of lectin binding directly visualized by freeze-etch electron microscopy are consistent with current concepts of ganglioside arrangement in phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes. Native lectins in general seem appropriate labels for this type of study. Wheat germ agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, and peanut agglutinin are adequately resolved on membrane surfaces as spherical particles of diameters 6 nm, 10 nm, and 13 nm, respectively (uncorrected for platinum shadow thickness). The finite areas covered by these markers correspond to some 56, 157, and 265 lipid molecules, respectively, on the surfaces of the shadowed rigid phosphatidyicholine matrices employed here; and this constitutes a basic limitation to the precision with which one can localize a given glycolipid receptor. Ricinus communis agglutinin provides a marker whose size permits adequate quantitation of bound material while minimally obscuring detail. Using it we estimated the size limits of GMt-enricbed domains, since this is the ganglioside which has shown the greatest evidence of discontinuous distribution in our hands (Peters, M.W., Mehlhorn, I.E., Barber, K.R. and Grant, C.W.M. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 778, 419-428). Results of such analyses indicate the probable existence of phase separated domains selectively enriched in G~41 up to 60 nm in extent (5600 lipid molecules) for rigid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes bearing up to 14 mol% GMt. Similar observations were true of rigid bilayers of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; however, if domains enriched in GMI exist in fluid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, they are on the order of 6 nm or less in diameter (or are dispersed by lectin binding). Employing the small lectin, wheat germ agglutinin, which binds to all gangliosides, we then examined the effect of exposure to Ca 2 + ions (while in the fluid state) on the gang!ioside 'domain structure' referred to above in rigid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine host matrices. G MI, G DIa and G TI b were studied at 0, 2 and 10 mM Ca 2 + concentrations. It was demonstrated by spin label measurements that the dipalmitoylpbosphatidylcholine matrix retained its basic melting characteristics in the presence of added Ca 2+ and ganglioside under these conditions. Within the technique's functional resolution limit of some 6 nm we were unable to identify any effect of Ca 2+ in physiological concentration on Abbreviations: RCA 60, Ricinus communis agglutinin; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; GM1, Galfll ~ 3GalNAcfll ~ 4(Neu-Aca2 ---, 3)Galfll ~ 4GIc ~ Cer; GDla, NeuAca2 ---, 3Galfll ---, 3GalNAcfll --* 4(NeuAca2 ---, 3)Galfll ---, 4Glc --, Cer; G-rib, NeuAca2 ---, 3Galfll ~ 3GalNAcfll --* 4(NeuAca2 ---, 8NeuAca2 ~ 3)Galfll ~ 4Glc ~ Cer; DMPC, L-a-dim yristoylphosphatidylcholine; DPPC, L-a-di-palmitoylphosphatidylcholine; TEMPO, Hepes, ganglioside topography as reflected by bound lectin distribution. The rigid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine host matrix had been selected to minimize receptor redistribution (ganglioside aggregation or disaggregation) caused by lectin probe binding or sample preparation for electron microscopy. However the above Ca2+-related observations were basically unaltered in a matrix of intermediate fluidity and zero cooperativity obtained by the addition of 30 tool% cholesterol. In none of our samples did we see bilayer disruption that might indicate significant patches of very high local glycosphingolipid concentration.

El proceso de administración estratégica, dinámico por naturaleza, está formado por el conjunto de compromisos, decisiones y actos que la empresa necesita llevar a cabo para alcanzar la competitividad estratégica y obtener utilidades superiores al promedio.

Real Academia de la Lengua Española.-(Del Latín Principium) "Base, origen, razón fundamental sobre la cual se procede discurriendo en cualquier materia", "causa, origen de algo"; "Cada una de las primeras proposiciones o verdades fundamentales por donde se empiezan a estudiar las ciencias o las artes".