Papers by Osmar Klauberg-Filho
Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2007
Recebido em 12/05/2005. Aceito em 2/02/2007 RESUMO-(Inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculare... more Recebido em 12/05/2005. Aceito em 2/02/2007 RESUMO-(Inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e adubação na formação e pós-transplante de mudas de cinco espécies arbóreas nativas do sul do Brasil). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e a aplicação de diferentes doses de adubo, na formação e pós-transplante de mudas de cinco espécies arbóreas nativas do sul do Brasil: Croton urucurana Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), Senna macranthera (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae), Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Mimosaceae), Bastardiopsis densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Hassl. (Malvaceae) e Bauhinia forficata Link (Caesalpiniaceae). O experimento constou de fatorial 3×2, sendo três tipos de adubação, inoculados ou não com FMA. As plântulas cresceram no viveiro de mudas por seis meses. Coletou-se dados referentes ao crescimento vegetativo, resposta à inoculação e colonização pelos FMA. As raízes das plântulas estudadas apresentaram de média a alta colonização micorrízica (54 a 77%), porém baixa formação de arbúsculos (3 a 9%). A baixa resposta à inoculação das espécies arbóreas relacionou-se com as características do substrato, que foi considerado inadequado para o desenvolvimento ideal da associação micorrízica. As plântulas dos tratamentos com maior complementação mineral apresentaram maior crescimento, independente da inoculação. Após seis meses de crescimento no campo, a maioria das plantas do tratamento substrato base apresentaram a taxa de crescimento relativo significativamente maior do que os tratamentos adubados. As mudas crescidas sem adubação complementar e inoculadas com FMA apresentaram pequeno aumento na sobrevivência (3 a 33%) em relação às não inoculadas. Para os tratamentos adubados, a inoculação não proporcionou resultados positivos na sobrevivência para a maioria das espécies estudadas. Palavras-chave: produção de biomassa, morfologia de raiz, viveiro de mudas, sobrevivência de mudas no campo, revegetação ABSTRACT-(The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and fertilization on initial growth and post-transplant of seedlings of five native woody species from southern Brazil). This study assessed the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and application of different doses of fertilizer on initial growth and post-transplant seedlings of five native woody species from south Brazil: Croton urucurana Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), Senna macranthera (Collad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae), Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (Mimosaceae), Bastardiopsis densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Hassl. (Malvaceae) and Bauhinia forficata Link (Caesalpiniaceae). The experiment was set up as a 3×2 factorial, with three fertilization levels, with or without AMF inoculation. For six months in the nursery, data were collected on vegetative growth, inoculation response and colonization by AMF. The roots showed medium to high mycorrhizal colonization (54-77%), but low arbuscular formation (3-9%). The low response to inoculation among plant species was related to substrate characteristics, which were considered inadequate for ideal development of the mycorrhizal association. Plants growing in substrate with greater mineral addition gave the best results in the nursery, regardless of AMF inoculation. After six months growing in the field, plants of the basic substrate treatment showed a relative growth rate significantly higher than the fertilized ones. After six months in the field, survival rate was 3 to 30% higher for seedlings that grew without fertilization and were inoculated with AMF when compared to those without inoculation. For most of the species, the combination of inoculation and fertilization did not afford positive results in seedling field survival.
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
Ecotoxicology, 2018
Reference substances are recommended to evaluate the quality of laboratory test species and the r... more Reference substances are recommended to evaluate the quality of laboratory test species and the reliability of ecotoxicity data. Boric acid (BA) has been recommended as reference substance in some standardized tests in OECD soil, but no data are available for Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS). For this purpose, avoidance tests with Eisenia andrei, lethality tests with E. andrei and Folsomia candida, and reproduction tests with E. andrei, Enchytraeus crypticus and F. candida were carried out in TAS (5% organic matter), following ISO guidelines, and compared between two laboratories. Collembolans were more sensitive than earthworms in lethality tests (LC 50 = 342 and > 1000 mg kg −1 , respectively). For both laboratories, the EC 50 values were similar for reproduction of oligochaeta species (165 mg kg −1 for E. crypticus; 242 and 281 mg kg −1 for E. andrei), but significantly different for reproduction of F. candida (96 and 198 mg kg −1). Present results suggest that boric acid could replace the current pesticides recommended by ISO guidelines as reference substances on reproduction tests with soil invertebrates in TAS. Concerning avoidance tests, additional investigations should be performed with other substances that cause no neurotoxic effects on soil organisms. Keywords Soil invertebrates • Soil ecotoxicology • Reproduction tests • Avoidance tests
Journal of Soils and Sediments
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Brazil is considered a megadiverse country, but the soil fauna is still very poorly known. The ai... more Brazil is considered a megadiverse country, but the soil fauna is still very poorly known. The aim of this study was to report, for the fi rst time, the abundance and genus composition of terrestrial enchytraeids (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) in Savanna Tall Woodland (Cerradão) and a pasture in Cerrado Biome and in Upper Montane Atlantic Forest and a grassland in Atlantic Forest Biome. The enchytraeid density in Pasture and Cerradao was 2,036 and 18,844 (204 and 2,094, on average) individuals per square meter, respectively. At the Atlantic forest and Grassland, density was 9,666 and 12,242 individuals per square meter (1,075 and 1,471 on average). About genus composition for the studied areas, Enchytraeus and Hemienchytraeus were found in the four ecosystems evaluated, while Tupidrilus and Fridericia were found only in Cerradão and Atlantic Forest, respectively. Achaeta was absent in Upper Montane Atlantic Forest, but dominant in pasture, while Guaranidrilus was absent in Pasture, but predominant in the other ecosystems.
Terrae Didatica
As funções desempenhadas pela Biodiversidade do solo são de suma importância para a manutenção da... more As funções desempenhadas pela Biodiversidade do solo são de suma importância para a manutenção da vida, e a educação é uma via de acesso fundamental, para o conhecimento deste tema pelos educandos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer as diferenças existentes na estrutura curricular de escolas catarinenses e municipais, analisando a formação dos professores e o incentivo fornecido pela gestão escolar, para o desenvolvimento das atividades relacionadas ao tema. Como metodologia, foram utilizados questionários com professores e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores e Educador Permanente. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados através de análise de co-ocorrências e estatística descritiva. Com o estudo, pode-se concluir que o componente curricular Educação para a Sustentabilidade aborda a Biodiversidade do Solo, tanto em sua estrutura curricular, como nos temas citados pelos professores, nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Já com os professores de Ciências da Natureza, ...
Editorial Universidad de Guadalajara eBooks, Mar 1, 2021
Esta publicación fue sometida a dictamen a doble ciego por pares académicos y aprobada para su pu... more Esta publicación fue sometida a dictamen a doble ciego por pares académicos y aprobada para su publicación, por el Comité Editorial de CUAltos.
Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems1, 2. Springtails (C... more Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems1, 2. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil animals regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs3–5. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset collected from 2,470 sites, we estimate total soil springtail biomass at 29 Mt carbon (threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates6) and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per m² in the Arctic. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the increase in temperature. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism were predicted by local species richness, which was highest in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tund...
Ecotoxicology (London, England), Jan 25, 2018
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are mutualistic symbionts considered a key group in soil syste... more Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are mutualistic symbionts considered a key group in soil systems involved in the provision of several ecosystem services. Recently they have been listed by EFSA as organisms to be included in the test battery for the risk assessment of plant protection product (PPPs). This study aimed to contribute to improve the ISO Protocol (ISO 10832: 2009) by assessing the feasibility of using other AMF species under different test conditions. Overall, results showed that AMF species Gigaspora albida and Rhizophagus clarus (selected out of five AMF species) are suitable to be used in spore germination tests using the ISO protocol (14 days incubation with sand or artificial soil as substrate) to test PPPs. However, several modifications to the protocol were made in order to accommodate the use of the tested isolates, namely the incubation temperature (28 °C instead of 24 °C) and the change of reference substance (boric acid instead of cadmium nitrate). The need ...
Scientia Agraria, 2016
Os coleópteros (Coleoptera) se distribuem em diferentes áreas e profundidades do solo e são impor... more Os coleópteros (Coleoptera) se distribuem em diferentes áreas e profundidades do solo e são importantes executores de serviços ambientais. Seu estudo representa um excelente foco para elucidar os efeitos da perturbação antrópica sobre a biodiversidade e funções dos ecossistemas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de famílias de coleópteros em sistemas de uso do solo (SUS), bem como a relação destes com os atributos edáficos. Os sistemas estudados envolvem: floresta nativa (FN), reflorestamento de eucalipto (RE), pastagem (PA), integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) e lavoura com plantio direto (PD). As amostras foram coletadas em grade de amostragem de 3 × 3 pontos, distanciados entre si em 30 m, nos períodos de inverno e verão, em três municípios do Planalto Sul Catarinense, considerados réplicas verdadeiras. Os invertebrados edáficos foram coletados pelos métodos Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) e Pitfall traps (armadilhas de queda). Nos mesmos pontos coletaram...
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2005
O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o impacto da queima tradicional de campo nativo e do monocult... more O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o impacto da queima tradicional de campo nativo e do monocultivo de Pinus sp. em Lages (SC), no CO total do solo (COT), carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração basal (C-CO2), quociente metabólico microbiano (qCO2) e relação CBM:COT. Foram selecionadas quatro áreas representativas da região, de 0,5 ha cada, sendo: (a) Campo nativo, sem queima nos últimos 50 anos (CN); (b) Campo nativo submetido à queima tradicional (CNQ), ambas, pastagens naturais; (c) Mata natural com predominância de Araucaria angustifolia (MATA); e (d) Reflorestamento de Pinus taeda com oito anos (PINUS). Para tanto, coletaram-se seis amostras, compostas de nove subamostras de solo em cada área, na profundidade de 0-5 cm, em dezembro de 2002. Para avaliar o CBM, foi utilizado o método da fumigação-extração. O C-CO2 foi determinado em laboratório. Os maiores valores de liberação de C-CO2 foram encontrados na MATA e no PINUS, seguidos de CNQ e CN, respectivamente. Os maio...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
The objective was to evaluate the relationship of soil fertility in areas with productivities gra... more The objective was to evaluate the relationship of soil fertility in areas with productivities gradients of soybean managed under no-tillage system (NT) in Western Santa Catarina, Brazil, and the interaction of this fertility with the physical and biological attributes of the soil. Areas with NT of High (NTH), Medium (NTM) and Low (NTL) soybean productivity were selected during the agricultural years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. In each system, a sampling grid of 3 × 3 points, positioned 30 m apart, was used. Univariate analysis of the data showed no difference between the systems. However, principal component analysis helped identify the attributes that can affect productivity. Redundancy analysis identified the influence of biological attributes on some soil nutrients. The explanation for higher soybean productivities in NT system should not consider just the chemical fertility of the soil, but a holistic approach to fertility.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Annals of Applied Biology
Chemosphere
h i g h l i g h t s Mancozeb offer a risk to key-groups of non-target species in subtropical soil... more h i g h l i g h t s Mancozeb offer a risk to key-groups of non-target species in subtropical soils. F. candida and E. crypticus were the most sensitive speciesto Mancozeb. Tests with earthworms were insufficient to protect other non-target invertebrates populations. A multicriteria approach (soil types and organisms) is needed for pesticides risk assessment.
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Papers by Osmar Klauberg-Filho