Resumen. En América Latina, emergen controversias en territorios rurales sobre proyectos de desar... more Resumen. En América Latina, emergen controversias en territorios rurales sobre proyectos de desarrollo que a menudo se transforman en conflictos, debido a sus efectos ecológicos, materiales, económicos, sociales y culturales. Para reconstruir las controversias acerca de la promoción estatal de la acuicultura sustentable, se describen los marcos interpretativos que se ponen en juego entre los actores regionales. Este estudio se basó en un análisis sociológico del discurso de tipo hermenéutico de las respuestas orales a las preguntas abiertas originadas en la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado, mediante entrevistas individuales cara a cara, a 27 informantes clave de las regiones del Biobío y de Ñuble en el centro-sur de Chile en el año 2018. En estos territorios rurales del centro-sur de Chile, la controversia sobre la acuicultura es más social que ambiental. Se relaciona con dos marcos o modalidades de interpretación de la acuicultura sustentable y que se enraízan y legitiman por los actores territoriales; un marco enfatiza la acuicultura como una promesa de bienestar a través de nuevas actividades; otro significa la acuicultura en cuanto una actividad económico-política que no solo es cuestionable por su falta de generación de valor socioeconómico en el territorio, sino que involucra las decisiones de los modos de vida futuros. Una historia extractivista, combinada con la ambigüedad del Estado, parece limitar las opciones imaginadas al menos en sus marcos de interpretación; en territorios rurales con un pasado reciente de extractivismo, la promoción estatal de acuicultura seguirá siendo controversial si no se logra generar valor local. Palabras clave: controversia de política; acuicultura; marco interpretativo; sustentabilidad. [en] Promotion of sustainable aquaculture: Controversies over development in centralsouthern Chile Abstract. In Latin America, development projects in rural areas can create controversies that often turn into conflicts due to their ecological, material, economic, social and cultural effects. To reconstruct controversies related to state promotion of sustainable aquaculture, this research describes the interpretive frames at play among regional actors. The results are based on a sociological hermeneutic-discourse analysis of oral responses to open questions of a structured questionnaire applied in face-to-face individual interviews to 27 key informants from the Biobío and Ñuble regions in southern central Chile in 2018. In these rural territories of southern central Chile, the controversy over the promotion of aquaculture is related to social rather than environmental effects. The controversy is present in two interpretative frames or modalities that are rooted and legitimized by territorial actors; one emphasizes aquaculture as a promise of greater well-being through new activities; the other defines aquaculture as an economic-political activity that is questionable because it does not generate socioeconomic value in the territory and also affects future lifestyle decisions. A history with extractive activities combined with state ambiguity seems to limit the options imagined, at least in the interpretative frames; in rural territories with a recent extractive past, state promotion of aquaculture will remain controversial if local value is not generated.
Como reacción a la contaminación del lago Villarrica, actores territoriales se movilizaron para e... more Como reacción a la contaminación del lago Villarrica, actores territoriales se movilizaron para exigir mayor protección ambiental. En respuesta, el gobierno chileno estableció un proceso colaborativo para elaborar el Plan de Descontaminación Ambiental. No obstante, el proceso no logró responder a las expectativas de las organizaciones territoriales, generando un cuestionamiento público hacia el Plan y a las motivaciones del gobierno. Para reducir la brecha entre la teoría y la práctica de gobernanza, se propone una metodología para analizar el proceso de gobernanza colaborativa realizado. Se concluye con recomendaciones para lograr mejores resultados y legitimidad.
Over the last 30 years significant efforts have been made to ensure that Public Administration: A... more Over the last 30 years significant efforts have been made to ensure that Public Administration: An International Quarterly lives up to its international title. In this review article, we highlight some of the key research articles that have been published by the journal which illustrate an international approach to the study of public administration. We show how the journal's historical inclusion of a diverse spectrum of philosophies, methodologies, theories and contexts has contributed to this internationalization. In doing so the journal has contributed to our understanding of equity, social justice and inclusion; ethics, public value and corruption; networks, governance and participation; and environmental governance and crisis management. This historical review also reveals how global challenges, particularly as a consequence of the climate emergency, drive the transnationalization of public administration, which in turn requires further international scholarship
This article describes the adaptation of the Swedish Eco-municipalities to the Chilean institutio... more This article describes the adaptation of the Swedish Eco-municipalities to the Chilean institutional context and its application in three emerging tourism destinations in the Arauco Province of Arauco. Due to the limited attributions and resources of Chilean municipalities, the Chilean Eco-municipalities need to implement strategies with public and private actors and establish territorial governance. The Swedish approach provides a threephase implementation strategy that involves learning, planning and actions. In the Arauco Province, field work included a deliberative process that highlighted the importance of reflecting on the distinct interests as well as different cognitive frameworks with respect to development and sustainability. In this way, public and private actors collaboratively identified the principal problems and proposed shared solutions. Our principal conclusion is that the Eco-municipalities approach in strategic planning for local sustainable development in Chile should consider existing institutional mechanisms and be based in territorial governance.
Even when international promotion of the rights of indigenous people should permeate national pol... more Even when international promotion of the rights of indigenous people should permeate national politics, mass media coverage tends to criminalize indigenous resistance, facilitating attacks on rights defenders. Drawing on mediatization theory, our study analyzes reporting practices, sources and frames of indigenous issues used by political actors in two mainstream media in Chile over a two-year period (2013-2015). Our analysis
La prevención de suicidio es un problema complejo que desafía la capacidad estatal. En 2007, Chil... more La prevención de suicidio es un problema complejo que desafía la capacidad estatal. En 2007, Chile inició la elaboración de una estrategia nacional siguiendo las orientaciones internacionales. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la respuesta del Estado chileno en la prevención del suicidio desde el enfoque de gobernanza colaborativa en el periodo 2013-2021. Siguiendo la tipología sobre regímenes de gobernanza colaborativa, se analizan los documentos oficiales que definen la respuesta estatal para determinar si hubo un proceso colaborativo para coordinar con actores involucrados y construir una comprensión compartida de las causas de suicidio en Chile a partir del modelo de la OMS. En el periodo estudiado, la prevención de suicidio en Chile incluyó colaboración externa para adaptar el modelo internacional a distintos contextos, pero la respuesta estatal no ha establecido espacios formales que permite sumar fuerzas para gobernar la prevención del suicidio. Liderado por el Ministerio de Salud, la colaboración fue acotada y se centró en el diseño de la estrategia nacional a partir de las recomendaciones de la OMS. Aunque plantea un enfoque territorial con mesas regionales intersectoriales, la falta de recursos limitó su implementación. A partir de 2017, se observa un nuevo impulso hacia gobernanza colaborativa en la prevención del suicidio a través de su incorporación a la Red Temática de Salud Mental que se conceptualiza como una red de puntos y nodos al nivel territorial.
Even though no part of the world is untouched by the global economy, the role played by the State... more Even though no part of the world is untouched by the global economy, the role played by the State continues to have an impact on the resistance of indigenous peoples, and Chile is no exception. At present, the Chilean government presents several contrasting faces to indigenous peoples. On the one hand, it offers multicultural public policies based in "Development with Identity", whose formal objective is to generate economic and social development from the ground up. In contrast, in areas where the indigenous communities are in conflict with large companies over the control of natural resources, the Chilean government considers these communities to be terrorists, denying their basic legal rights. At present, there is a diversity of positions within the Mapuche movement and within Mapuche communities with respect to the Chilean State, although the media tend to emphasize only the violent conflicts. Our paper analyzes the development of the "conflict" between the Mapuche and the Chilean State due to the extractive activities of private companies from a systemic perspective, situating this conflict within the larger international political and economic system.
The Chilean province of Concepción was little prepared for the impact of the earthquake and subse... more The Chilean province of Concepción was little prepared for the impact of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami that took place on February 27, 2010. Because of the destruction of roads and bridges, the power outage, and ineffective communication, each neighborhood was essentially left to fend for itself with virtually no assistance from local and provincial authorities. Within the first 24 hours, panic hit, with stores being looted and local politicians calling for a military presence, and neighbors joined together to protect their property from looting gangs, even in the poorest neighborhoods. Most of these committees were not based on the traditional neighborhood councils that had emerged since the return to electoral democracy in 1990. In the emergency camps established by families that had lost their houses, the new leaders established a more autonomous and horizontal leadership style in their search for decent living conditions and a definitive housing solution. At first glance...
This paper explores the tensions generated in Chilean politics by Mapuche responses to the promot... more This paper explores the tensions generated in Chilean politics by Mapuche responses to the promotion of development and the protection of indigenous rights since the end of the military dictatorship in 1990. Working within the norm diffusion model, the present paper will analyze the concept “Indigenous Development” existing at the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and its incorporation into government policy for the period 2008-2011, considering its interaction with the national political context. The first section analyzes the transformation of the United Nations position on indigenous peoples, then characterizes the notion of indigenous development and the norm diffusion model. We then analyze government reports to the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review, International Labor Organization, and the United National Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues to identify the advances. We conclude with a discussion of the tensions present in Chile
Resumen. En América Latina, emergen controversias en territorios rurales sobre proyectos de desar... more Resumen. En América Latina, emergen controversias en territorios rurales sobre proyectos de desarrollo que a menudo se transforman en conflictos, debido a sus efectos ecológicos, materiales, económicos, sociales y culturales. Para reconstruir las controversias acerca de la promoción estatal de la acuicultura sustentable, se describen los marcos interpretativos que se ponen en juego entre los actores regionales. Este estudio se basó en un análisis sociológico del discurso de tipo hermenéutico de las respuestas orales a las preguntas abiertas originadas en la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado, mediante entrevistas individuales cara a cara, a 27 informantes clave de las regiones del Biobío y de Ñuble en el centro-sur de Chile en el año 2018. En estos territorios rurales del centro-sur de Chile, la controversia sobre la acuicultura es más social que ambiental. Se relaciona con dos marcos o modalidades de interpretación de la acuicultura sustentable y que se enraízan y legitiman por los actores territoriales; un marco enfatiza la acuicultura como una promesa de bienestar a través de nuevas actividades; otro significa la acuicultura en cuanto una actividad económico-política que no solo es cuestionable por su falta de generación de valor socioeconómico en el territorio, sino que involucra las decisiones de los modos de vida futuros. Una historia extractivista, combinada con la ambigüedad del Estado, parece limitar las opciones imaginadas al menos en sus marcos de interpretación; en territorios rurales con un pasado reciente de extractivismo, la promoción estatal de acuicultura seguirá siendo controversial si no se logra generar valor local. Palabras clave: controversia de política; acuicultura; marco interpretativo; sustentabilidad. [en] Promotion of sustainable aquaculture: Controversies over development in centralsouthern Chile Abstract. In Latin America, development projects in rural areas can create controversies that often turn into conflicts due to their ecological, material, economic, social and cultural effects. To reconstruct controversies related to state promotion of sustainable aquaculture, this research describes the interpretive frames at play among regional actors. The results are based on a sociological hermeneutic-discourse analysis of oral responses to open questions of a structured questionnaire applied in face-to-face individual interviews to 27 key informants from the Biobío and Ñuble regions in southern central Chile in 2018. In these rural territories of southern central Chile, the controversy over the promotion of aquaculture is related to social rather than environmental effects. The controversy is present in two interpretative frames or modalities that are rooted and legitimized by territorial actors; one emphasizes aquaculture as a promise of greater well-being through new activities; the other defines aquaculture as an economic-political activity that is questionable because it does not generate socioeconomic value in the territory and also affects future lifestyle decisions. A history with extractive activities combined with state ambiguity seems to limit the options imagined, at least in the interpretative frames; in rural territories with a recent extractive past, state promotion of aquaculture will remain controversial if local value is not generated.
Como reacción a la contaminación del lago Villarrica, actores territoriales se movilizaron para e... more Como reacción a la contaminación del lago Villarrica, actores territoriales se movilizaron para exigir mayor protección ambiental. En respuesta, el gobierno chileno estableció un proceso colaborativo para elaborar el Plan de Descontaminación Ambiental. No obstante, el proceso no logró responder a las expectativas de las organizaciones territoriales, generando un cuestionamiento público hacia el Plan y a las motivaciones del gobierno. Para reducir la brecha entre la teoría y la práctica de gobernanza, se propone una metodología para analizar el proceso de gobernanza colaborativa realizado. Se concluye con recomendaciones para lograr mejores resultados y legitimidad.
Over the last 30 years significant efforts have been made to ensure that Public Administration: A... more Over the last 30 years significant efforts have been made to ensure that Public Administration: An International Quarterly lives up to its international title. In this review article, we highlight some of the key research articles that have been published by the journal which illustrate an international approach to the study of public administration. We show how the journal's historical inclusion of a diverse spectrum of philosophies, methodologies, theories and contexts has contributed to this internationalization. In doing so the journal has contributed to our understanding of equity, social justice and inclusion; ethics, public value and corruption; networks, governance and participation; and environmental governance and crisis management. This historical review also reveals how global challenges, particularly as a consequence of the climate emergency, drive the transnationalization of public administration, which in turn requires further international scholarship
This article describes the adaptation of the Swedish Eco-municipalities to the Chilean institutio... more This article describes the adaptation of the Swedish Eco-municipalities to the Chilean institutional context and its application in three emerging tourism destinations in the Arauco Province of Arauco. Due to the limited attributions and resources of Chilean municipalities, the Chilean Eco-municipalities need to implement strategies with public and private actors and establish territorial governance. The Swedish approach provides a threephase implementation strategy that involves learning, planning and actions. In the Arauco Province, field work included a deliberative process that highlighted the importance of reflecting on the distinct interests as well as different cognitive frameworks with respect to development and sustainability. In this way, public and private actors collaboratively identified the principal problems and proposed shared solutions. Our principal conclusion is that the Eco-municipalities approach in strategic planning for local sustainable development in Chile should consider existing institutional mechanisms and be based in territorial governance.
Even when international promotion of the rights of indigenous people should permeate national pol... more Even when international promotion of the rights of indigenous people should permeate national politics, mass media coverage tends to criminalize indigenous resistance, facilitating attacks on rights defenders. Drawing on mediatization theory, our study analyzes reporting practices, sources and frames of indigenous issues used by political actors in two mainstream media in Chile over a two-year period (2013-2015). Our analysis
La prevención de suicidio es un problema complejo que desafía la capacidad estatal. En 2007, Chil... more La prevención de suicidio es un problema complejo que desafía la capacidad estatal. En 2007, Chile inició la elaboración de una estrategia nacional siguiendo las orientaciones internacionales. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la respuesta del Estado chileno en la prevención del suicidio desde el enfoque de gobernanza colaborativa en el periodo 2013-2021. Siguiendo la tipología sobre regímenes de gobernanza colaborativa, se analizan los documentos oficiales que definen la respuesta estatal para determinar si hubo un proceso colaborativo para coordinar con actores involucrados y construir una comprensión compartida de las causas de suicidio en Chile a partir del modelo de la OMS. En el periodo estudiado, la prevención de suicidio en Chile incluyó colaboración externa para adaptar el modelo internacional a distintos contextos, pero la respuesta estatal no ha establecido espacios formales que permite sumar fuerzas para gobernar la prevención del suicidio. Liderado por el Ministerio de Salud, la colaboración fue acotada y se centró en el diseño de la estrategia nacional a partir de las recomendaciones de la OMS. Aunque plantea un enfoque territorial con mesas regionales intersectoriales, la falta de recursos limitó su implementación. A partir de 2017, se observa un nuevo impulso hacia gobernanza colaborativa en la prevención del suicidio a través de su incorporación a la Red Temática de Salud Mental que se conceptualiza como una red de puntos y nodos al nivel territorial.
Even though no part of the world is untouched by the global economy, the role played by the State... more Even though no part of the world is untouched by the global economy, the role played by the State continues to have an impact on the resistance of indigenous peoples, and Chile is no exception. At present, the Chilean government presents several contrasting faces to indigenous peoples. On the one hand, it offers multicultural public policies based in "Development with Identity", whose formal objective is to generate economic and social development from the ground up. In contrast, in areas where the indigenous communities are in conflict with large companies over the control of natural resources, the Chilean government considers these communities to be terrorists, denying their basic legal rights. At present, there is a diversity of positions within the Mapuche movement and within Mapuche communities with respect to the Chilean State, although the media tend to emphasize only the violent conflicts. Our paper analyzes the development of the "conflict" between the Mapuche and the Chilean State due to the extractive activities of private companies from a systemic perspective, situating this conflict within the larger international political and economic system.
The Chilean province of Concepción was little prepared for the impact of the earthquake and subse... more The Chilean province of Concepción was little prepared for the impact of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami that took place on February 27, 2010. Because of the destruction of roads and bridges, the power outage, and ineffective communication, each neighborhood was essentially left to fend for itself with virtually no assistance from local and provincial authorities. Within the first 24 hours, panic hit, with stores being looted and local politicians calling for a military presence, and neighbors joined together to protect their property from looting gangs, even in the poorest neighborhoods. Most of these committees were not based on the traditional neighborhood councils that had emerged since the return to electoral democracy in 1990. In the emergency camps established by families that had lost their houses, the new leaders established a more autonomous and horizontal leadership style in their search for decent living conditions and a definitive housing solution. At first glance...
This paper explores the tensions generated in Chilean politics by Mapuche responses to the promot... more This paper explores the tensions generated in Chilean politics by Mapuche responses to the promotion of development and the protection of indigenous rights since the end of the military dictatorship in 1990. Working within the norm diffusion model, the present paper will analyze the concept “Indigenous Development” existing at the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and its incorporation into government policy for the period 2008-2011, considering its interaction with the national political context. The first section analyzes the transformation of the United Nations position on indigenous peoples, then characterizes the notion of indigenous development and the norm diffusion model. We then analyze government reports to the United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review, International Labor Organization, and the United National Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues to identify the advances. We conclude with a discussion of the tensions present in Chile
La scena globale in cui oggi ci muoviamo appare sempre più violentemente ostile alla politicaalme... more La scena globale in cui oggi ci muoviamo appare sempre più violentemente ostile alla politicaalmeno se per "politica" intendiamo, in primo luogo, uno spazio agonale costruito e abitato da citoyens sujets, "soggetti cittadini" 1 . Ma la politica è ancora possibile entro uno spazio violentemente antipolitico? E se sì, come? Questo è in fondo il problema cruciale di Violence et civilité 2 , raccolta di saggi pubblicata da Étienne Balibar nel 2010 e oggi tradotta in più lingue, ma non disponibile in italiano.
Metodología para la construcción del Modelo de Lógica Difusa para la promoción de la acuicultura sustentable en la Región del Biobío, 2019
Metodología para la construcción del Modelo de Lógica Difusa para la promoción de la acuicultura ... more Metodología para la construcción del Modelo de Lógica Difusa para la promoción de la acuicultura sustentable en la Región del Biobío
Estudio Base: Política Pública Regional para el Desarrollo de la Acuicultura Sustentable. Sistematización de conocimiento tácito y explícito para la promoción de la acuicultura sustentable en la Región del Bío-Bío: Una aproximación mediante la aplicación de lógica difusa., 2019
Estudio Base: Política Pública Regional para el Desarrollo de la Acuicultura Sustentable. Sistema... more Estudio Base: Política Pública Regional para el Desarrollo de la Acuicultura Sustentable. Sistematización de conocimiento tácito y explícito para la promoción de la acuicultura sustentable en la Región del Bío-Bío: Una aproximación mediante la aplicación de lógica difusa.
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