The literature has suggested that without the implementation of support procedures, placements of... more The literature has suggested that without the implementation of support procedures, placements of children with severe disabilities in full-inclusion classrooms are often unsuccessful. This study assessed whether a support person who taught young elementary school students to use self-management procedures and then faded involvement with them would be effective in increasing these students' appropriate performance on schoolwork tasks and reducing disruptive behavior in full inclusion classrooms. The percentage of time the children engaged in appropriate performance of schoolwork tasks and disruptive behavior was recorded during in-class periods. Data were collected over a 9-month period in a multiple baseline design during the academic year. The results showed that implementation of self-
Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 2004
Many children with autism display reactions to auditory stimuli (hat scent as if the stimuli were... more Many children with autism display reactions to auditory stimuli (hat scent as if the stimuli were painful or otherwise extremely aversive. This article describes, within the contexts of three experimental designs, how procedures of systematic desensitizntioti can he used to treat hypersensitivity lo auditory stimuli in three younĉ hildren with autism. Stimuli included the sounds front a vacuum cleaner, blender, hand-mixer, toilet flushing, and specific animal sounds from musical toys. A chcmginii criterion design was used and data were collected on (a) the number of hierarchical steps completed as comfortable with the stimulus per week and (b) the mean level of anxietv per probe. A clinical replication was implemented using a replication of the desensitization procedures for three children. In addition, a systemaiic replication acro.ss three different stimuli is presented for orw child in a multiple baseline. The data show thai the children s responses could be modified to the point where they were comfortable with these noises. Furthermore, this level of comfort was maintained at follow-up. The discussion suggests that the e.xtreme reactions to auditory stimuli many children with autism exhibit may he decreased with procedures that have been .shown to be effective with reducing phobias, and the possibility that the reactions mav be symptomatic of a phobia rather than actual pain.
Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 1998
112 Koegel, Stiebel, and Koegel Method Participants Three sibling dyads, who lived at home with t... more 112 Koegel, Stiebel, and Koegel Method Participants Three sibling dyads, who lived at home with their parents, participated in this study. Within each dyad the older sibling was diagnosed as having autism or a re-lated developmental disability by an independent diag- ...
Although considerable progress has been made in improving the acquisition of expressive verbal co... more Although considerable progress has been made in improving the acquisition of expressive verbal communication in children with autism, research has documented that a subpopulation of children still fail to acquire speech even with intensive intervention. One variable that might be important in facilitating responding for this nonverbal subgroup of children is the use of antecedent orienting cues. Using a multiple baseline design, this study examined whether individualized orienting cues could be identified, and whether their presentation would result in the production of verbal expressive words. The results showed that this antecedent stimulus control procedure produced improvements in responding to verbal models in all of the children, and subsequent gains in speech for some of the children. Theoretical and applied implications of orienting cues as they relate to antecedent stimulus control for children with autism are discussed.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1997
The purpose of this experiment was to assess whether manipulation of variables related to motivat... more The purpose of this experiment was to assess whether manipulation of variables related to motivation and attention in children with autism would influence performance on standardized tests. Two different testing conditions were compared: One consisted of the usual standardized testing procedures; during the other, specific variables that were hypothesized to relate to each child's responsiveness to task stimuli were manipulated. Data were collected in the context of a repeated reversals experimental design with condition order varied within and across children. Six children participated in a total of 44 separate testing sessions, controlled for order of conditions, number of sessions, and type of test. Results showed consistent differences between the two conditions, suggesting that improving motivation and attention in children with autism may considerably influence test performance and interpretation. Findings are discussed in relation to the difficulty in administering and in...
Accumulating evidence indicates either a primary or secondary cortical dysfunction in the languag... more Accumulating evidence indicates either a primary or secondary cortical dysfunction in the language-dominant hemisphere of autistic children. In this study, the central auditory function of six autistic subjects was assessed experimentally using a battery of tests which included the Staggered Spondaic Word Test, the Competing Environmental Sound Test, and monaural hearing tests, as well as supplementary measures of language and handedness. The autistic subjects ranged from 8 to 24 years in age and displayed a wide range of language abilities and severity of echolalia. The results showed that all the subjects had normal hearing on the monaural speech tests; however, there was indication of central auditory nervous system dysfunction in the language dominant hemisphere, inferred from the dichotic tests, for those subjects displaying echolalia. Essentially normal dichotic test results were obtained for those subjects who were previously diagnosed as autistic but were not longer echolali...
The literature has suggested that without the implementation of support procedures, placements of... more The literature has suggested that without the implementation of support procedures, placements of children with severe disabilities in full-inclusion classrooms are often unsuccessful. This study assessed whether a support person who taught young elementary school students to use self-management procedures and then faded involvement with them would be effective in increasing these students' appropriate performance on schoolwork tasks and reducing disruptive behavior in full inclusion classrooms. The percentage of time the children engaged in appropriate performance of schoolwork tasks and disruptive behavior was recorded during in-class periods. Data were collected over a 9-month period in a multiple baseline design during the academic year. The results showed that implementation of self-
Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 2004
Many children with autism display reactions to auditory stimuli (hat scent as if the stimuli were... more Many children with autism display reactions to auditory stimuli (hat scent as if the stimuli were painful or otherwise extremely aversive. This article describes, within the contexts of three experimental designs, how procedures of systematic desensitizntioti can he used to treat hypersensitivity lo auditory stimuli in three younĉ hildren with autism. Stimuli included the sounds front a vacuum cleaner, blender, hand-mixer, toilet flushing, and specific animal sounds from musical toys. A chcmginii criterion design was used and data were collected on (a) the number of hierarchical steps completed as comfortable with the stimulus per week and (b) the mean level of anxietv per probe. A clinical replication was implemented using a replication of the desensitization procedures for three children. In addition, a systemaiic replication acro.ss three different stimuli is presented for orw child in a multiple baseline. The data show thai the children s responses could be modified to the point where they were comfortable with these noises. Furthermore, this level of comfort was maintained at follow-up. The discussion suggests that the e.xtreme reactions to auditory stimuli many children with autism exhibit may he decreased with procedures that have been .shown to be effective with reducing phobias, and the possibility that the reactions mav be symptomatic of a phobia rather than actual pain.
Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 1998
112 Koegel, Stiebel, and Koegel Method Participants Three sibling dyads, who lived at home with t... more 112 Koegel, Stiebel, and Koegel Method Participants Three sibling dyads, who lived at home with their parents, participated in this study. Within each dyad the older sibling was diagnosed as having autism or a re-lated developmental disability by an independent diag- ...
Although considerable progress has been made in improving the acquisition of expressive verbal co... more Although considerable progress has been made in improving the acquisition of expressive verbal communication in children with autism, research has documented that a subpopulation of children still fail to acquire speech even with intensive intervention. One variable that might be important in facilitating responding for this nonverbal subgroup of children is the use of antecedent orienting cues. Using a multiple baseline design, this study examined whether individualized orienting cues could be identified, and whether their presentation would result in the production of verbal expressive words. The results showed that this antecedent stimulus control procedure produced improvements in responding to verbal models in all of the children, and subsequent gains in speech for some of the children. Theoretical and applied implications of orienting cues as they relate to antecedent stimulus control for children with autism are discussed.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1997
The purpose of this experiment was to assess whether manipulation of variables related to motivat... more The purpose of this experiment was to assess whether manipulation of variables related to motivation and attention in children with autism would influence performance on standardized tests. Two different testing conditions were compared: One consisted of the usual standardized testing procedures; during the other, specific variables that were hypothesized to relate to each child's responsiveness to task stimuli were manipulated. Data were collected in the context of a repeated reversals experimental design with condition order varied within and across children. Six children participated in a total of 44 separate testing sessions, controlled for order of conditions, number of sessions, and type of test. Results showed consistent differences between the two conditions, suggesting that improving motivation and attention in children with autism may considerably influence test performance and interpretation. Findings are discussed in relation to the difficulty in administering and in...
Accumulating evidence indicates either a primary or secondary cortical dysfunction in the languag... more Accumulating evidence indicates either a primary or secondary cortical dysfunction in the language-dominant hemisphere of autistic children. In this study, the central auditory function of six autistic subjects was assessed experimentally using a battery of tests which included the Staggered Spondaic Word Test, the Competing Environmental Sound Test, and monaural hearing tests, as well as supplementary measures of language and handedness. The autistic subjects ranged from 8 to 24 years in age and displayed a wide range of language abilities and severity of echolalia. The results showed that all the subjects had normal hearing on the monaural speech tests; however, there was indication of central auditory nervous system dysfunction in the language dominant hemisphere, inferred from the dichotic tests, for those subjects displaying echolalia. Essentially normal dichotic test results were obtained for those subjects who were previously diagnosed as autistic but were not longer echolali...
Uploads
Papers by Robert Koegel