Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2017
In this work we propose a new method allowing gas temperature determination in argon non-thermal ... more In this work we propose a new method allowing gas temperature determination in argon non-thermal plasma jets, based on the measurement of the collisional broadening of different argon atomic lines corresponding to transitions into both resonance levels s 2 and s 4 of the 3p 5 4s configuration. The method was developed for fourteen lines:
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2017
In this work a new spectroscopic method, allowing gas temperature determination in argon non-ther... more In this work a new spectroscopic method, allowing gas temperature determination in argon non-thermal plasmas sustained at atmospheric pressure, is presented. The method is based on the measurements of selected pairs of argon atomic lines (Ar I 603.2 nm/Ar I 549.6 nm, Ar I 603.2 nm/Ar I 522.1 nm, Ar I 549.6 nm/Ar I 522.1 nm). For gas temperature determination using the proposed method, there is no need of knowing the electron density, neither making assumptions on the degree of thermodynamic equilibrium existing in the plasma. The values of the temperatures obtained using this method, have been compared with the rotational temperatures derived from the OH ro-vibrational bands, using both, the well-known Boltzmann-plot technique and the best fitting to simulated ro-vibrational bands. A very good agreement has been found.
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2021
Abstract The applicability of high voltage electrical discharge to reform Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as... more Abstract The applicability of high voltage electrical discharge to reform Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as an environmental pollutant is a technique extensively proved. By this motive, the study of plasma with pure CO2 or its mixtures with other gases is the current interest. In this work, the physical and technical characteristics of a positive direct-current plasma discharge of an Ar/CO2 mixture in a point-to-plate reactor is experimentally and numerically analyzed, and its dependence on Ar fraction studied. Through the optical emission spectroscopy method, the experiments are performed to analyze the emitted spectra from the plasma discharge of the Ar/CO2 mixture. The rotation, vibration, and excitation temperatures and the electron density are also obtained. It was found that all the temperatures decrease as the argon ratio in the Ar/CO2 mixtures increases. Besides, using a 2D PIC-MCC method, the density of three charged species and excitation temperatures are spatially and temporally computed. At the study conditions, a relatively good experimental/modeling agreement is observed for the density and temperature of electrons. Also, the spatial and temporal variations of electric potential and total current density in the discharge medium are numerically calculated by this model, allow us to know the electric characteristic of the discharge.
The publication presents the results of research on soil temperature distribution at a depth of 0... more The publication presents the results of research on soil temperature distribution at a depth of 0.25–3 m in three measurement locations. Two boreholes were located in Białystok in the temperate climatic zone and one measuring well was installed in Belmez in the subtropical climatic zone. Measurements were made in homogeneous soil layers in sand (Białystok) and in clay (Białystok and Belmez). Based on the results of the measurements, a simplified model of temperature distributions as a function of depth and the number of days in a year was developed. The presented model can be used as a boundary condition to determine heat losses of district heating pipes located in the ground and to estimate the thermal efficiency of horizontal heat exchangers in very low-temperature geothermal energy applications.
In this work, a new plasma reactor operating with a butane/propane (C4H10/C3H8) gaseous mixture, ... more In this work, a new plasma reactor operating with a butane/propane (C4H10/C3H8) gaseous mixture, designed for hydrogen molecule production, was experimentally studied. This reactor is based on a rotating electrode, biased by an AC high voltage. The plasma discharge was investigated for different AC voltages, rotational frequencies, and gas flow rates. A discharge in the filamentary mode was produced as proved by the electrical characterization. Gas Chromatography (GC) was applied to study the LPG remediation. The maximum conversion factors of 70% and 60% were found for the C3H8 and C4H10, respectively, with an H2 selectivity of 98%. Hydrogen atomic lines from the Balmer series and various molecular bands were detected by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The stark broadening of the Hα Balmer line was used for the determination of the electron density. The spectra simulation of the C2 band was permitted to obtain the gas temperature while the first five lines of hydrogen atoms wer...
The chemical characterization of the Ghis-Nekor groundwater has become a concern of many research... more The chemical characterization of the Ghis-Nekor groundwater has become a concern of many researchers in Morocco. It is a crucial indicator for the environment situation and the socioeconomic development of this Moroccan region. Indeed, it helps decisionmakers carry out conscious and sustainable management. For this reason, 20 samples of the Ghis-Nekor aquifer were examined in terms of physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and total alkalinity (Alk), major cations–anions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, and TDS), isotopic elements (δ18O, δ2H, and δ13C), and concentrations of Br and Sr anions in 2020. Furthermore, spatial data analysis with a geographic information system (GIS) using the ArcGis software (Redlands, California, USA). Indeed, static maps show significant water quality information that helps characterize the groundwater of the study area. The spatial analysis by the GIS indicates that except the EC (from 2630 to 69...
Historic urban cities in most European countries are a very important evidence of the past life s... more Historic urban cities in most European countries are a very important evidence of the past life style. The cultural heritage of the last generations should be available to as much people as it is possible to give them information about the national history, art and culture. Nowadays people expectation for indoor climate and technical equipment are much higher than several years ago. It makes buildings’ owners to modernize them, but in a case of the historical parts of towns it could be difficult from a technical point of view or the result would reduce the architectural quality of the object. The paper shows the selected examples of technical improvements done in Spain.
Currently, intensive work is underway in Poland to increase the share of renewable energy sources... more Currently, intensive work is underway in Poland to increase the share of renewable energy sources in the overall energy balance. Therefore, this paper presents the possibilities of using concentrated solar power in zones with a temperate climate. A simplified model based on the energy balance in the solar collectors considering the main operating parameters of the typical solar power plant was developed. It should be noted here that the model does not take into account issues related to heat accumulation and electricity generation in a Solar Thermal Power Station. The simulation of forced convection inside the solar collector absorber was additionally included in the calculations to improve its accuracy. The model was verified using actual heat measurements at the outlet of the parabolic collector installation at a Solar Thermal Power Station located in the south of Spain. The heat generated by a similar solar collector system in a selected region with a temperate climate, the city ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022
The technologies using of renewable sources energy like photovoltaic panels and solar collectors ... more The technologies using of renewable sources energy like photovoltaic panels and solar collectors were used in Europe, mainly in southern countries (like Spain) until recently. EU policy of sustainable development and technological development impact on increase of popularity of those technologies in northern European countries like Poland. The research problem of the work is to determinate the appropriate conditions for the location of above-mentioned technology (panels) in the cityscape. The numerous examples of its destruction were noticed because panels were located using only energy efficiency conditions. The research methodology was based on “in situ” research (Bialystok-Poland, Cordoba – Spain) in order to determinate the categories of urban landscape in which panels are located. Technical, climatic, landscape and composition conditions were analysed in order to establish assessment of completed investments. The result of the science work are categories of the urban landscape ...
En esta tesis se ha desarrollado un modelo 1-dimensional par caracterizar el plasma de helio prod... more En esta tesis se ha desarrollado un modelo 1-dimensional par caracterizar el plasma de helio producido por la antorcha de microondas denominada T.I.A. En dicho modelo se ha incluido el desequilibrio en el plasma mediante el desarrollo de un modelo colisional -radioactivo donde se han tenido en cuenta tanto los procesos electronicos como las colisiones atomicas y moleculares. Mediante dicho modelo se han podido determinar en funcion de la potencia de microondas suministrada por el generador y de la temperatura de gas la distribucion radial de los parametros caracteristicos del plasma ( densidad y temperatura electronica), de la densidad de especies en el mismo y de los caposelectromagneticos en su interior. Para ello se ha resuelto de forma acoplada la ecuacion de los campos electromagneticos conla de balance de energia. Las principales conclusiones obtenidas en este sentido han sido que el campo electrico tienen una caida hacia el interior de la llama mas acusada cuando aumenta la p...
On selecting a constituent part of MU the" Overview of publishing activities" page will... more On selecting a constituent part of MU the" Overview of publishing activities" page will be displayed with information relevant to the selected constituent part. The" Overview of publishing activities" page is not available for non-activated items.
Becoming the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 is currently the most ambitious Euro... more Becoming the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 is currently the most ambitious European goal. Heat pumps are the example of the key technology, which could help to achieve the aim by heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation in an ecological and energy-efficient way. This article characterized a heat pump market in Europe between 2009 and 2020 with a special regard to France, Spain, Poland and Lithuania, for which a more detailed study was presented. The analysis was performed primarily on the grounds of statistics data provided by the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), which determined the number of heat pumps sold based on standard questionnaires from national heat pump associations, statistical offices and research institutes. The highest number of heat pump sold in analysed period of time was recorded in France, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Germany and Spain. Poland was in the middle of the list, while Lithuania was one of the last countries. Consider...
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2017
In this work we propose a new method allowing gas temperature determination in argon non-thermal ... more In this work we propose a new method allowing gas temperature determination in argon non-thermal plasma jets, based on the measurement of the collisional broadening of different argon atomic lines corresponding to transitions into both resonance levels s 2 and s 4 of the 3p 5 4s configuration. The method was developed for fourteen lines:
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2017
In this work a new spectroscopic method, allowing gas temperature determination in argon non-ther... more In this work a new spectroscopic method, allowing gas temperature determination in argon non-thermal plasmas sustained at atmospheric pressure, is presented. The method is based on the measurements of selected pairs of argon atomic lines (Ar I 603.2 nm/Ar I 549.6 nm, Ar I 603.2 nm/Ar I 522.1 nm, Ar I 549.6 nm/Ar I 522.1 nm). For gas temperature determination using the proposed method, there is no need of knowing the electron density, neither making assumptions on the degree of thermodynamic equilibrium existing in the plasma. The values of the temperatures obtained using this method, have been compared with the rotational temperatures derived from the OH ro-vibrational bands, using both, the well-known Boltzmann-plot technique and the best fitting to simulated ro-vibrational bands. A very good agreement has been found.
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2021
Abstract The applicability of high voltage electrical discharge to reform Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as... more Abstract The applicability of high voltage electrical discharge to reform Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as an environmental pollutant is a technique extensively proved. By this motive, the study of plasma with pure CO2 or its mixtures with other gases is the current interest. In this work, the physical and technical characteristics of a positive direct-current plasma discharge of an Ar/CO2 mixture in a point-to-plate reactor is experimentally and numerically analyzed, and its dependence on Ar fraction studied. Through the optical emission spectroscopy method, the experiments are performed to analyze the emitted spectra from the plasma discharge of the Ar/CO2 mixture. The rotation, vibration, and excitation temperatures and the electron density are also obtained. It was found that all the temperatures decrease as the argon ratio in the Ar/CO2 mixtures increases. Besides, using a 2D PIC-MCC method, the density of three charged species and excitation temperatures are spatially and temporally computed. At the study conditions, a relatively good experimental/modeling agreement is observed for the density and temperature of electrons. Also, the spatial and temporal variations of electric potential and total current density in the discharge medium are numerically calculated by this model, allow us to know the electric characteristic of the discharge.
The publication presents the results of research on soil temperature distribution at a depth of 0... more The publication presents the results of research on soil temperature distribution at a depth of 0.25–3 m in three measurement locations. Two boreholes were located in Białystok in the temperate climatic zone and one measuring well was installed in Belmez in the subtropical climatic zone. Measurements were made in homogeneous soil layers in sand (Białystok) and in clay (Białystok and Belmez). Based on the results of the measurements, a simplified model of temperature distributions as a function of depth and the number of days in a year was developed. The presented model can be used as a boundary condition to determine heat losses of district heating pipes located in the ground and to estimate the thermal efficiency of horizontal heat exchangers in very low-temperature geothermal energy applications.
In this work, a new plasma reactor operating with a butane/propane (C4H10/C3H8) gaseous mixture, ... more In this work, a new plasma reactor operating with a butane/propane (C4H10/C3H8) gaseous mixture, designed for hydrogen molecule production, was experimentally studied. This reactor is based on a rotating electrode, biased by an AC high voltage. The plasma discharge was investigated for different AC voltages, rotational frequencies, and gas flow rates. A discharge in the filamentary mode was produced as proved by the electrical characterization. Gas Chromatography (GC) was applied to study the LPG remediation. The maximum conversion factors of 70% and 60% were found for the C3H8 and C4H10, respectively, with an H2 selectivity of 98%. Hydrogen atomic lines from the Balmer series and various molecular bands were detected by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The stark broadening of the Hα Balmer line was used for the determination of the electron density. The spectra simulation of the C2 band was permitted to obtain the gas temperature while the first five lines of hydrogen atoms wer...
The chemical characterization of the Ghis-Nekor groundwater has become a concern of many research... more The chemical characterization of the Ghis-Nekor groundwater has become a concern of many researchers in Morocco. It is a crucial indicator for the environment situation and the socioeconomic development of this Moroccan region. Indeed, it helps decisionmakers carry out conscious and sustainable management. For this reason, 20 samples of the Ghis-Nekor aquifer were examined in terms of physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and total alkalinity (Alk), major cations–anions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, and TDS), isotopic elements (δ18O, δ2H, and δ13C), and concentrations of Br and Sr anions in 2020. Furthermore, spatial data analysis with a geographic information system (GIS) using the ArcGis software (Redlands, California, USA). Indeed, static maps show significant water quality information that helps characterize the groundwater of the study area. The spatial analysis by the GIS indicates that except the EC (from 2630 to 69...
Historic urban cities in most European countries are a very important evidence of the past life s... more Historic urban cities in most European countries are a very important evidence of the past life style. The cultural heritage of the last generations should be available to as much people as it is possible to give them information about the national history, art and culture. Nowadays people expectation for indoor climate and technical equipment are much higher than several years ago. It makes buildings’ owners to modernize them, but in a case of the historical parts of towns it could be difficult from a technical point of view or the result would reduce the architectural quality of the object. The paper shows the selected examples of technical improvements done in Spain.
Currently, intensive work is underway in Poland to increase the share of renewable energy sources... more Currently, intensive work is underway in Poland to increase the share of renewable energy sources in the overall energy balance. Therefore, this paper presents the possibilities of using concentrated solar power in zones with a temperate climate. A simplified model based on the energy balance in the solar collectors considering the main operating parameters of the typical solar power plant was developed. It should be noted here that the model does not take into account issues related to heat accumulation and electricity generation in a Solar Thermal Power Station. The simulation of forced convection inside the solar collector absorber was additionally included in the calculations to improve its accuracy. The model was verified using actual heat measurements at the outlet of the parabolic collector installation at a Solar Thermal Power Station located in the south of Spain. The heat generated by a similar solar collector system in a selected region with a temperate climate, the city ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022
The technologies using of renewable sources energy like photovoltaic panels and solar collectors ... more The technologies using of renewable sources energy like photovoltaic panels and solar collectors were used in Europe, mainly in southern countries (like Spain) until recently. EU policy of sustainable development and technological development impact on increase of popularity of those technologies in northern European countries like Poland. The research problem of the work is to determinate the appropriate conditions for the location of above-mentioned technology (panels) in the cityscape. The numerous examples of its destruction were noticed because panels were located using only energy efficiency conditions. The research methodology was based on “in situ” research (Bialystok-Poland, Cordoba – Spain) in order to determinate the categories of urban landscape in which panels are located. Technical, climatic, landscape and composition conditions were analysed in order to establish assessment of completed investments. The result of the science work are categories of the urban landscape ...
En esta tesis se ha desarrollado un modelo 1-dimensional par caracterizar el plasma de helio prod... more En esta tesis se ha desarrollado un modelo 1-dimensional par caracterizar el plasma de helio producido por la antorcha de microondas denominada T.I.A. En dicho modelo se ha incluido el desequilibrio en el plasma mediante el desarrollo de un modelo colisional -radioactivo donde se han tenido en cuenta tanto los procesos electronicos como las colisiones atomicas y moleculares. Mediante dicho modelo se han podido determinar en funcion de la potencia de microondas suministrada por el generador y de la temperatura de gas la distribucion radial de los parametros caracteristicos del plasma ( densidad y temperatura electronica), de la densidad de especies en el mismo y de los caposelectromagneticos en su interior. Para ello se ha resuelto de forma acoplada la ecuacion de los campos electromagneticos conla de balance de energia. Las principales conclusiones obtenidas en este sentido han sido que el campo electrico tienen una caida hacia el interior de la llama mas acusada cuando aumenta la p...
On selecting a constituent part of MU the" Overview of publishing activities" page will... more On selecting a constituent part of MU the" Overview of publishing activities" page will be displayed with information relevant to the selected constituent part. The" Overview of publishing activities" page is not available for non-activated items.
Becoming the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 is currently the most ambitious Euro... more Becoming the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 is currently the most ambitious European goal. Heat pumps are the example of the key technology, which could help to achieve the aim by heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation in an ecological and energy-efficient way. This article characterized a heat pump market in Europe between 2009 and 2020 with a special regard to France, Spain, Poland and Lithuania, for which a more detailed study was presented. The analysis was performed primarily on the grounds of statistics data provided by the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), which determined the number of heat pumps sold based on standard questionnaires from national heat pump associations, statistical offices and research institutes. The highest number of heat pump sold in analysed period of time was recorded in France, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Germany and Spain. Poland was in the middle of the list, while Lithuania was one of the last countries. Consider...
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