Acta Linguistica Petropolitana 18.1 (Miscellanea in Honorem Nikolai N. Kazansky Septuagenarii), 2022
A neuter s-stem based on PIE *dʰu̯ eh₂-'(produce) smoke' is well-attested from the earliest Greek... more A neuter s-stem based on PIE *dʰu̯ eh₂-'(produce) smoke' is well-attested from the earliest Greek: Myc. tu-wo /tʰu(u̯)os/ 'aromatic substance' (incense, perfume), pl. tu-we-a ~ tu-we-a₂ /tʰu(u̯)eha/, Hom.+ θύος (pl. θύεα) 'burnt offering(s)'. But a "face-value" Transponat PIE nom./acc. *dʰúh₂-os, obl. *dʰuh₂-es-violates the standard Erlangen model of accent-ablaut patterns in the inflection of athematic formations, where an s-stem with zero-grade root is anomalous (cf. [Schindler 1975]): s-stems belong to the "proterokinetic" inflectional type, with ideal structure nom./acc. R(é)-os, obl. R(Ø)-és-. Greek has other s-stems with zero-grade root; but most are transparently secondary, e.g. βάρος 'weight' (Hdt., Aesch.+) ← βαρύς 'heavy' (Hom.+). For θύος, the only available secondary pattern is the deverbative one, i.e., θύος ← θύω 'offer, sacrifice (a victim)' (Hom.+). Nevertheless, Greek deverbative s-stems are otherwise mostly late. Given the early attestation of Myc. tu-wo and Hom. θύος, these forms may continue an inherited s-stem, for which the anomalous zero-grade root vocalism invites further comment. Such a structure is not isolated. Schindler [1975: 264-265] had already identified two probable PIE s-stems with pervasive zero-grade root, i.e. *sríHg-os 'cold, frost' (Gk. ῥῖγος, Lat. frīgus) and *púH-os 'pus' (Gk. πύος, Lat. pūs). And it may be possible to add another such item, i.e. Ved. dúvas-'gift, offering', better assigned (as *dúH-es-) to 2. deu-'(religiös) verehren etc.' [IEW: 218-219] than to the questionable construct *deh₃u-'give'. Recent scholarship has leveled significant criticism against the Erlangen model (the "paradigmatic" approach), with proterokinetic inflection itself as a major target (cf. [Kümmel 2014]), in favor of a new theory of Indo-European accent (the "compositional" approach, cf. [Kiparsky 2010]). Yet this revisionist discussion has had nothing to say about aberrant s-stems with zero-grade root vocalism. What, then, can be said about s-stems like *sríHg-es-, *púH-es-, and (if the analyses here are correct) *dʰúh₂-es-and *dúH-es-? Beside *sríHg-es-, no full grade is attested for any of the root's nominal or verbal forms. Despite Stüber [2002: 152], there is no reason to regard *sriHg-as a "secondary root" with unspecified origin. Much the same picture appears for *púH-es-; the idea [Stüber 2002: 200] that the pervasive zero grade reflects an early "generalization" Brent Vine 445 based on a primordial ablauting paradigm is merely an article of faith. For the root of *dʰúh₂-es-: full-grade forms are virtually unattested, and the uncertainty about the root shape ([LIV 1 ] *dʰeuh₂-vs. [LIV 2 ] *dʰu̯ eh₂-) is symptomatic. All of this is strongly reminiscent of other PIE "non-apophonic zero-grade roots", of which the bestknown is *bʰuH-'be, become', in the classic analysis by Jasanoff [1997]. Cf. also PIE *suH-i̯ u-~ *suH-nu-'son', notorious precisely for its failure to conform to expectations about proterokinetic inflection, much as with the zero-grade s-stems. For the underlying verbal root ([LIV 2 ] ?*seu̯ H-'gebären'), no verbal full grades are attested, and there are no nominal forms with arguably archaic full grades. Additional cases probably exist, e.g. *ḱu̯ eh₁-'swell' [LIV 2 : 339-340], with no verbal full grades, symptomatic Schwebeablaut material, and a zero-grade proterokinetic men-stem in Gk. κῦμα 'wave'. In sum, neuter s-stems with pervasive zero-grade root represent a hitherto neglected contributor to the reevaluation of proterokinetic inflection and, more broadly, the reappraisal of the "Erlangen" (paradigmatic) approach to the reconstruction of accent and ablaut in athematic inflectional categories.
Dérivation nominale et innovations dans les langues indo-européennes anciennes, 2021
sous la direction d'Alain Blanc et Isabelle Boehm LITTÉRATURE & LINGUISTIQUE // 3 Les treize étud... more sous la direction d'Alain Blanc et Isabelle Boehm LITTÉRATURE & LINGUISTIQUE // 3 Les treize études réunies dans ce volume sont consacrées au phénomène de la dérivation depuis l'indo-européen (sanskrit védique, tokharien, vieux norrois, vieux slave, grec ancien, latin) jusqu'à nos langues modernes. Les contributions réunies ici proposent, pour une part d'entre elles, de nouvelles hypothèses sur l'origine de certains suffixes, tandis que d'autres exposent les résultats de leurs évolutions et leur productivité. Les observations synchroniques et diachroniques sur le comportement suffixal concernent à la fois la sémantique, la question du développement du vocabulaire spécialisé et celle de leur rôle proprement grammatical, en particulier le rapport entre adjectif et substantif. Une contribution centrée sur l'accentuation forme la conclusion de l'ensemble. The thirteen papers brought together in this volume are devoted to the phenomenon of derivation from Indo-European (Vedic Sanskrit, Tokharian, Old Norse, Old Slavic, Ancient Greek, Latin) up to our modern languages. The contributions gathered here offer, for a part of them, new hypotheses on the origin of certain suffixes, while others expose the results of their evolutions and their productivity. Synchronic and diachronic observations on suffixal behavior concern semantics, the question of the development of specialized vocabulary and that of their strictly grammatical role, in particular the relationship between adjective and substantive. A contribution focused on the accent concludes the volume.
Beginning with the synchronic metrical distribution of ná and ná ‘NEG’, we attempted to formulate... more Beginning with the synchronic metrical distribution of ná and ná ‘NEG’, we attempted to formulate, first, certain principles of Rig-Vedic exegesis (which we applied to several obscure or hitherto imperfectly understood passages), and second, a theory concerning the origin of the comparative function of ná. Unlike previous explanations, the theory described above accounts in a systematic way for the formal, functional, and metrical features of ná.We considered, in addition, the following theoretical points: possible implications of ná phraseology for the historical analysis of Rig-Vedic meters; the lack of universal principles, as yet, for predicting the direction and nature of secondary marking in the case of functional split of a particle; the interaction of secondary phraseological patterns with original phraseology, resulting in synchronic irregularity in metrical distribution.Finally, we suggested that the syntactic behavior of ná and ná ‘NEG’ confirms the theory presented here ...
Gk. στωμύλος ‘chatty’ (Old Com.+) belongs with στόμα ‘mouth’; yet the serious formal problem with... more Gk. στωμύλος ‘chatty’ (Old Com.+) belongs with στόμα ‘mouth’; yet the serious formal problem with the -ω-, often acknowledged, remains without explanation. Part of the conundrum: despite the connection with στόμα (a synchronic n-stem and historically a men-stem), an n-stem or men-stem basis for στωμύλος is not workable. Two different solutions, however, can be proposed, on the basis of hitherto neglected Greek data; these point to the existence of forms that can support analyses in terms of vr̥ddhi (Solution #1) or in terms of a different type of morphological lengthened grade (Solution #2). These analyses, in turn, may shed light on the anomalous o-grade of Gk. στόμα itself, with broader implications for the study of PIE nominal morphology.
В этом году в России и в мире отмечают девяностолетие Вячеслава Всеволодовича Иванова (1929–2017)... more В этом году в России и в мире отмечают девяностолетие Вячеслава Всеволодовича Иванова (1929–2017), выдающегося ученого-энциклопедиста, организатора науки, интеллигента, ставшего моральным компасом для многих своих современников. Найдется немного специалистов, способных оценить научные заслуги юбиляра во всей их полноте. В настоящем очерке мы сосредоточимся на вкладе Вячеслава Всеволодовича в сравнительную индоевропеистику и смежные аспекты лингвистики. Вместе с тем, поскольку научная деятельность юбиляра едва ли может обсуждаться в отрыве от его личной судьбы, мы постараемся подробнее остановиться на тех обстоятельствах, которые могли помочь или, напротив, помешать раскрытию его таланта.
"Essays in Poetics, Literary History and Linguistics Presented to Viacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday", ed. L. Fleishman et al., pp. 520-6, 1999
Acta Linguistica Petropolitana 18.1 (Miscellanea in Honorem Nikolai N. Kazansky Septuagenarii), 2022
A neuter s-stem based on PIE *dʰu̯ eh₂-'(produce) smoke' is well-attested from the earliest Greek... more A neuter s-stem based on PIE *dʰu̯ eh₂-'(produce) smoke' is well-attested from the earliest Greek: Myc. tu-wo /tʰu(u̯)os/ 'aromatic substance' (incense, perfume), pl. tu-we-a ~ tu-we-a₂ /tʰu(u̯)eha/, Hom.+ θύος (pl. θύεα) 'burnt offering(s)'. But a "face-value" Transponat PIE nom./acc. *dʰúh₂-os, obl. *dʰuh₂-es-violates the standard Erlangen model of accent-ablaut patterns in the inflection of athematic formations, where an s-stem with zero-grade root is anomalous (cf. [Schindler 1975]): s-stems belong to the "proterokinetic" inflectional type, with ideal structure nom./acc. R(é)-os, obl. R(Ø)-és-. Greek has other s-stems with zero-grade root; but most are transparently secondary, e.g. βάρος 'weight' (Hdt., Aesch.+) ← βαρύς 'heavy' (Hom.+). For θύος, the only available secondary pattern is the deverbative one, i.e., θύος ← θύω 'offer, sacrifice (a victim)' (Hom.+). Nevertheless, Greek deverbative s-stems are otherwise mostly late. Given the early attestation of Myc. tu-wo and Hom. θύος, these forms may continue an inherited s-stem, for which the anomalous zero-grade root vocalism invites further comment. Such a structure is not isolated. Schindler [1975: 264-265] had already identified two probable PIE s-stems with pervasive zero-grade root, i.e. *sríHg-os 'cold, frost' (Gk. ῥῖγος, Lat. frīgus) and *púH-os 'pus' (Gk. πύος, Lat. pūs). And it may be possible to add another such item, i.e. Ved. dúvas-'gift, offering', better assigned (as *dúH-es-) to 2. deu-'(religiös) verehren etc.' [IEW: 218-219] than to the questionable construct *deh₃u-'give'. Recent scholarship has leveled significant criticism against the Erlangen model (the "paradigmatic" approach), with proterokinetic inflection itself as a major target (cf. [Kümmel 2014]), in favor of a new theory of Indo-European accent (the "compositional" approach, cf. [Kiparsky 2010]). Yet this revisionist discussion has had nothing to say about aberrant s-stems with zero-grade root vocalism. What, then, can be said about s-stems like *sríHg-es-, *púH-es-, and (if the analyses here are correct) *dʰúh₂-es-and *dúH-es-? Beside *sríHg-es-, no full grade is attested for any of the root's nominal or verbal forms. Despite Stüber [2002: 152], there is no reason to regard *sriHg-as a "secondary root" with unspecified origin. Much the same picture appears for *púH-es-; the idea [Stüber 2002: 200] that the pervasive zero grade reflects an early "generalization" Brent Vine 445 based on a primordial ablauting paradigm is merely an article of faith. For the root of *dʰúh₂-es-: full-grade forms are virtually unattested, and the uncertainty about the root shape ([LIV 1 ] *dʰeuh₂-vs. [LIV 2 ] *dʰu̯ eh₂-) is symptomatic. All of this is strongly reminiscent of other PIE "non-apophonic zero-grade roots", of which the bestknown is *bʰuH-'be, become', in the classic analysis by Jasanoff [1997]. Cf. also PIE *suH-i̯ u-~ *suH-nu-'son', notorious precisely for its failure to conform to expectations about proterokinetic inflection, much as with the zero-grade s-stems. For the underlying verbal root ([LIV 2 ] ?*seu̯ H-'gebären'), no verbal full grades are attested, and there are no nominal forms with arguably archaic full grades. Additional cases probably exist, e.g. *ḱu̯ eh₁-'swell' [LIV 2 : 339-340], with no verbal full grades, symptomatic Schwebeablaut material, and a zero-grade proterokinetic men-stem in Gk. κῦμα 'wave'. In sum, neuter s-stems with pervasive zero-grade root represent a hitherto neglected contributor to the reevaluation of proterokinetic inflection and, more broadly, the reappraisal of the "Erlangen" (paradigmatic) approach to the reconstruction of accent and ablaut in athematic inflectional categories.
Dérivation nominale et innovations dans les langues indo-européennes anciennes, 2021
sous la direction d'Alain Blanc et Isabelle Boehm LITTÉRATURE & LINGUISTIQUE // 3 Les treize étud... more sous la direction d'Alain Blanc et Isabelle Boehm LITTÉRATURE & LINGUISTIQUE // 3 Les treize études réunies dans ce volume sont consacrées au phénomène de la dérivation depuis l'indo-européen (sanskrit védique, tokharien, vieux norrois, vieux slave, grec ancien, latin) jusqu'à nos langues modernes. Les contributions réunies ici proposent, pour une part d'entre elles, de nouvelles hypothèses sur l'origine de certains suffixes, tandis que d'autres exposent les résultats de leurs évolutions et leur productivité. Les observations synchroniques et diachroniques sur le comportement suffixal concernent à la fois la sémantique, la question du développement du vocabulaire spécialisé et celle de leur rôle proprement grammatical, en particulier le rapport entre adjectif et substantif. Une contribution centrée sur l'accentuation forme la conclusion de l'ensemble. The thirteen papers brought together in this volume are devoted to the phenomenon of derivation from Indo-European (Vedic Sanskrit, Tokharian, Old Norse, Old Slavic, Ancient Greek, Latin) up to our modern languages. The contributions gathered here offer, for a part of them, new hypotheses on the origin of certain suffixes, while others expose the results of their evolutions and their productivity. Synchronic and diachronic observations on suffixal behavior concern semantics, the question of the development of specialized vocabulary and that of their strictly grammatical role, in particular the relationship between adjective and substantive. A contribution focused on the accent concludes the volume.
Beginning with the synchronic metrical distribution of ná and ná ‘NEG’, we attempted to formulate... more Beginning with the synchronic metrical distribution of ná and ná ‘NEG’, we attempted to formulate, first, certain principles of Rig-Vedic exegesis (which we applied to several obscure or hitherto imperfectly understood passages), and second, a theory concerning the origin of the comparative function of ná. Unlike previous explanations, the theory described above accounts in a systematic way for the formal, functional, and metrical features of ná.We considered, in addition, the following theoretical points: possible implications of ná phraseology for the historical analysis of Rig-Vedic meters; the lack of universal principles, as yet, for predicting the direction and nature of secondary marking in the case of functional split of a particle; the interaction of secondary phraseological patterns with original phraseology, resulting in synchronic irregularity in metrical distribution.Finally, we suggested that the syntactic behavior of ná and ná ‘NEG’ confirms the theory presented here ...
Gk. στωμύλος ‘chatty’ (Old Com.+) belongs with στόμα ‘mouth’; yet the serious formal problem with... more Gk. στωμύλος ‘chatty’ (Old Com.+) belongs with στόμα ‘mouth’; yet the serious formal problem with the -ω-, often acknowledged, remains without explanation. Part of the conundrum: despite the connection with στόμα (a synchronic n-stem and historically a men-stem), an n-stem or men-stem basis for στωμύλος is not workable. Two different solutions, however, can be proposed, on the basis of hitherto neglected Greek data; these point to the existence of forms that can support analyses in terms of vr̥ddhi (Solution #1) or in terms of a different type of morphological lengthened grade (Solution #2). These analyses, in turn, may shed light on the anomalous o-grade of Gk. στόμα itself, with broader implications for the study of PIE nominal morphology.
В этом году в России и в мире отмечают девяностолетие Вячеслава Всеволодовича Иванова (1929–2017)... more В этом году в России и в мире отмечают девяностолетие Вячеслава Всеволодовича Иванова (1929–2017), выдающегося ученого-энциклопедиста, организатора науки, интеллигента, ставшего моральным компасом для многих своих современников. Найдется немного специалистов, способных оценить научные заслуги юбиляра во всей их полноте. В настоящем очерке мы сосредоточимся на вкладе Вячеслава Всеволодовича в сравнительную индоевропеистику и смежные аспекты лингвистики. Вместе с тем, поскольку научная деятельность юбиляра едва ли может обсуждаться в отрыве от его личной судьбы, мы постараемся подробнее остановиться на тех обстоятельствах, которые могли помочь или, напротив, помешать раскрытию его таланта.
"Essays in Poetics, Literary History and Linguistics Presented to Viacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday", ed. L. Fleishman et al., pp. 520-6, 1999
Kazuhiko Yoshida – “Kazu” to those who know him – has deservedly earned this wide-ranging volume ... more Kazuhiko Yoshida – “Kazu” to those who know him – has deservedly earned this wide-ranging volume as a tribute to his distinguished career in Anatolian and Indo-European linguistics. Stimulating contributions to the linguistic study of Greek, Vedic Sanskrit, Avestan, Tocharian, Old Persian, Armenian, Latin, Icelandic, and some other languages rub shoulders with papers on the Anatolian languages themselves. This panoply gives a valuable snapshot of cutting-edge research across the length and breadth of Indo-European studies.
Soon after the publication of my libellus on PIE *-etó-and its development in Greek, I regretted ... more Soon after the publication of my libellus on PIE *-etó-and its development in Greek, I regretted my failure to provide a word index, for which I have been justly chided on many occasions. Since, as it seems, the book continues to be consulted, and on the principle of " better late than never " (though at the risk of seeming to invest the work with more significance than it actually has), I hereby remedy this deficiency.
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Papers by Brent Vine
лингвистики. Вместе с тем, поскольку научная деятельность юбиляра едва ли может обсуждаться в отрыве от его личной судьбы, мы постараемся подробнее остановиться на тех обстоятельствах, которые могли помочь или, напротив, помешать раскрытию его таланта.
лингвистики. Вместе с тем, поскольку научная деятельность юбиляра едва ли может обсуждаться в отрыве от его личной судьбы, мы постараемся подробнее остановиться на тех обстоятельствах, которые могли помочь или, напротив, помешать раскрытию его таланта.