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Julianne Nyhan

University College London, Department of Information Studies, Faculty Member

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I'm a Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in Digital Information Studies. My interests include the history of computing, oral history and most aspects of digital humanities. My recent publications include Computation and the Humanities: towards an Oral History of Digital Humanities (Springer 2016) and the co-edited Digital Humanities in Practice (Facet 2012), Digital Humanities: a Reader (Ashgate 2013). I'm now at work on a new book about the female punched card operators who worked with Roberto Busa S.J. on what is often held to be the first Digital Humanities project.

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Uppsala University

Elizabeth Liddy

Syracuse University

Syracuse University

Matteo Pasquinelli

Università Ca' Foscari Venezia

Vassilis Galanos

University of Stirling

Johanna Drucker

UCLA Graduate School of Education

University of East London

Gwen Robbins Schug

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Gabriel Gutierrez-Alonso

University of Salamanca

Macquarie University

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Books by Julianne Nyhan

Text encoding and digital scholarly editions

Digital Humanities in practice, 2012

This chapter gives an introduction to scholarly digital editions and how metamarkup languages lik... more

New Publication Cultures in the Humanities Exploring the Paradigm Shift

In this paper we will present two case studies of research that has been carried out on the digit... more In this paper we will present two case studies of research that has been carried out on the digital remediation of German and Luxemburgish dialectal, regional and historical lexicography. In doing so, we will take some initial steps towards setting out what we hold the critical value of this research to be. The focus of the following reflections is not mere image digitisation; rather, we aim to reflect on a host of new research findings that can be created via the scholarly evaluation, interpretation, semantic annotation and subsequent analysis of research material and data using computational methods. To close we will briefly address the “absence of broad professional involvement” noted by McGann. By exploring how the German and Luxemburgish lexicographical material described here might both benefit from and enrich a global information space, such as the emerging Semantic Web, we will argue that Humanists need to engage with such developments so that their unique knowledge and learning may inform them

Computation and the Humanities: Towards an Oral History of Digital Humanities (Springer Series on Cultural Computing Computation and the Humanities)

This book addresses the application of computing to cultural heritage and the discipline of Digit... more This book addresses the application of computing to cultural heritage and the discipline of Digital Humanities that formed around it. Digital Humanities research is transforming how the Human record can be transmitted, shaped, understood, questioned and imagined and it has been ongoing for more than 70 years. However, we have no comprehensive histories of its research trajectory or its disciplinary development. The authors make a first contribution towards remedying this by uncovering, documenting, and analysing a number of the social, intellectual and creative processes that helped to shape this research from the 1950s until the present day.

By taking an oral history approach, this book explores questions like, among others, researchers’ earliest memories of encountering computers and the factors that subsequently prompted them to use the computer in Humanities research.

Computation and the Humanities will be an essential read for cultural and computing historians, digital humanists and those interested in developments like the digitisation of cultural heritage and artefacts.

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license

Papers by Julianne Nyhan

Questions for Discussion

ESF Science Policy briefing on research infrastructures in the digital humanities: landscapes, ecosystems and cultures

the European Science Foundation (ESF) published a so called Science Policy Briefing (SPB) on Rese... more the European Science Foundation (ESF) published a so called Science Policy Briefing (SPB) on Research Infrastructures in the Digital Humanities; 1 the first ESF publication of this type entirely commissioned by the scientific governance representing the Humanities-a unique body in Europe: the Standing Committee for the Humanities (SCH), chaired by Professor Milena Žic Fuchs. The report aims both at serving a research community that is expanding and eager to see its efforts of engaging with computational modelling recognised as authoritative research in need of adequate research infrastructures, and the policy makers arena, where strategies on research infrastructures for the humanities are rarely shared at the international or national level. The research community and information professionals-involved in various fashions in the development of this ESF publication as workshop participants, authors, 2 reviewers, 3 commentators-can make and are making use of this 1 The report is available in PDF at <http://www.esf.org/publications.html>. Recommendations are collected at the end of the report but also appeared in a separate leaflet, the executive summary, also available at the same link. The ESF is an umbrella organisation representing national research performing and funding organisations from 30 European countries. Since its funding in 1974, it has been active in directing research policy in Europe by, amongst other actions, publishing many such policy reports. Note that the ESF is undergoing a major restructuring phase; for more information, see: <http://www.esf.org/esf-today/recent-developments.html> 2 The expert group of authors was chaired by Professor Claudine Moulin

Tecnología digital en Humanidades y aprendizaje integrado

Postmodern Culture and more: an Oral History Conversation between John Unsworth and Anne Welsh

Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2012

UCL logo UCL Discovery. ...

Content-based recommender systems for heritage: Developing a personalised museum tour

On Making in the Digital Humanities: The scholarship of digital humanities development in honour of John Bradley

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 30, 2023

Defining Digital Humanities : A Reader

Integrative Learning and Digital Humanities

Whether in universities, cultural heritage organizations such as museums, libraries and archives,... more Whether in universities, cultural heritage organizations such as museums, libraries and archives, commercial contexts and even in individuals' homes the application of computing to cultural heritage is transforming how the human record can be transmitted, shaped, understood, questioned and imagined. An increasingly mainstream area of academic research, in 2011 some 134 different academic courses offering Digital Humanities were identified (Spiro, 2011) and anecdotally it is clear that this number has increased since. The MA/MSc in DH in the Department of Information Studies, UCL was launched in 2010i. It is an interdisciplinary programme, exploring the intersection of digital technologies, humanities scholarship, and cultural heritage. Through it students with humanities backgrounds can develop necessary skills in digital technologies; students with technical backgrounds can develop necessary skills in humanities. It is designed to produce students capable of performing the role...

LPh 1, 2013 NOTES & DISCUSSIONS SCIENCE POLICY BRIEFING ON RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES: LANDSCAPES, ECOSYSTEM AND CULTURES

the European Science Foundation (ESF) published a so called Science Policy Briefing (SPB) on Rese... more the European Science Foundation (ESF) published a so called Science Policy Briefing (SPB) on Research Infrastructures in the Digital Humanities; 1 the first ESF publication of this type entirely commissioned by the scientific governance representing the Humanities-a unique body in Europe: the Standing Committee for the Humanities (SCH), chaired by Professor Milena Žic Fuchs. The report aims both at serving a research community that is expanding and eager to see its efforts of engaging with computational modelling recognised as authoritative research in need of adequate research infrastructures, and the policy makers arena, where strategies on research infrastructures for the humanities are rarely shared at the international or national level. The research community and information professionals-involved in various fashions in the development of this ESF publication as workshop participants, authors, 2 reviewers, 3 commentators-can make and are making use of this 1 The report is available in PDF at <http://www.esf.org/publications.html>. Recommendations are collected at the end of the report but also appeared in a separate leaflet, the executive summary, also available at the same link. The ESF is an umbrella organisation representing national research performing and funding organisations from 30 European countries. Since its funding in 1974, it has been active in directing research policy in Europe by, amongst other actions, publishing many such policy reports. Note that the ESF is undergoing a major restructuring phase; for more information, see: <http://www.esf.org/esf-today/recent-developments.html> 2 The expert group of authors was chaired by Professor Claudine Moulin

defoe: A Spark-Based Toolbox for Analysing Digital Historical Textual Data

2019 15th International Conference on eScience (eScience), 2019

This work presents defoe, a new scalable and portable digital eScience toolbox that enables histo... more This work presents defoe, a new scalable and portable digital eScience toolbox that enables historical research. It allows for running text mining queries across large datasets, such as historical newspapers and books in parallel via Apache Spark. It handles queries against collections that comprise several XML schemas and physical representations. The proposed tool has been successfully evaluated using five different large-scale historical text datasets and two HPC environments, as well as on desktops. Results shows that defoe allows researchers to query multiple datasets in parallel from a single command-line interface and in a consistent way, without any HPC environment-specific requirements.

The challenges and prospects of the intersection of humanities and data science: A White Paper from The Alan Turing Institute

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material inf... more Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

Uncovering ‘hidden' contributions to the history of Digital Humanities: the Index Thomisticus' female keypunch operators

Who undertook the foundational work of the discipline now known as Digital Humanities (DH)? Whose... more Who undertook the foundational work of the discipline now known as Digital Humanities (DH)? Whose work merits inclusion in the history of the genesis of DH the leaders of scholarly projects? Their research assistants? Their administrators? Their funders? Have important contributions to early DH projects gone unacknowledged or been silenced by the field’s dominant ‘founding father’ narratives? How can a better understanding of previously undocumented contributions to the founding of DH allow us to evaluate the centrality of processes like collaboration and interdisciplinarity to the development and establishment of DH? This paper describes our research on the ‘hidden contributions’ to the Index Thomisticus project of Fr Roberto Busa S.J. (1913-2011). Busa is often said to be the founding father of DH: “Most fields cannot point to a single progenitor, much less a divine one, but humanities computing has Father Busa, who began working (with IBM) in the late 1940s on a concordance [the ...

WHITEPAPER and Final Performance Report: “Reconstructing the First Humanities Computing Center”: NEH Digital Humanities Advancement Grant HAA-255991-17 USF, TAMPA, FL, 2017-2019

Selected Definitions from the Day of Digital Humanities: 2009–2012

Reverse Engineering the First Humanities Computing Center

Digit. Humanit. Q., 2017

How can digital methods be used to conceptualize historical research projects, including their te... more How can digital methods be used to conceptualize historical research projects, including their teams, approaches, methods, and outputs? What methodologies can be used to synthesize and analyze archival records, workshop plans, photographic evidence, and oral histories? This co-authored paper describes an ongoing effort by a collaborative group* to understand and recover the work of Father Roberto Busa, commonly thought to be the “founding father” of Digital Humanities. Starting in 1949, Roberto Busa, S.J., began a landmark collaboration with IBM to build a lemmatized concordance to the works of St. Thomas Aquinas. In 1956 Busa founded the world’s first humanities computing center in Gallarate, Italy, located after 1961 in a former textile factory stocked with rows of IBM punched-card machines. This was CAAL, the Centro per L’Automazione dell’Analisi Letteraria—the Center for the Automation of Literary Analysis. There Busa and his mostly female student operators processed the monumen...

Borderlines VII Conference Proceedings

Selected Further Reading

Text encoding and digital scholarly editions

Digital Humanities in practice, 2012

This chapter gives an introduction to scholarly digital editions and how metamarkup languages lik... more

New Publication Cultures in the Humanities Exploring the Paradigm Shift

In this paper we will present two case studies of research that has been carried out on the digit... more In this paper we will present two case studies of research that has been carried out on the digital remediation of German and Luxemburgish dialectal, regional and historical lexicography. In doing so, we will take some initial steps towards setting out what we hold the critical value of this research to be. The focus of the following reflections is not mere image digitisation; rather, we aim to reflect on a host of new research findings that can be created via the scholarly evaluation, interpretation, semantic annotation and subsequent analysis of research material and data using computational methods. To close we will briefly address the “absence of broad professional involvement” noted by McGann. By exploring how the German and Luxemburgish lexicographical material described here might both benefit from and enrich a global information space, such as the emerging Semantic Web, we will argue that Humanists need to engage with such developments so that their unique knowledge and learning may inform them

Computation and the Humanities: Towards an Oral History of Digital Humanities (Springer Series on Cultural Computing Computation and the Humanities)

This book addresses the application of computing to cultural heritage and the discipline of Digit... more This book addresses the application of computing to cultural heritage and the discipline of Digital Humanities that formed around it. Digital Humanities research is transforming how the Human record can be transmitted, shaped, understood, questioned and imagined and it has been ongoing for more than 70 years. However, we have no comprehensive histories of its research trajectory or its disciplinary development. The authors make a first contribution towards remedying this by uncovering, documenting, and analysing a number of the social, intellectual and creative processes that helped to shape this research from the 1950s until the present day.

By taking an oral history approach, this book explores questions like, among others, researchers’ earliest memories of encountering computers and the factors that subsequently prompted them to use the computer in Humanities research.

Computation and the Humanities will be an essential read for cultural and computing historians, digital humanists and those interested in developments like the digitisation of cultural heritage and artefacts.

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license

Questions for Discussion

ESF Science Policy briefing on research infrastructures in the digital humanities: landscapes, ecosystems and cultures

the European Science Foundation (ESF) published a so called Science Policy Briefing (SPB) on Rese... more the European Science Foundation (ESF) published a so called Science Policy Briefing (SPB) on Research Infrastructures in the Digital Humanities; 1 the first ESF publication of this type entirely commissioned by the scientific governance representing the Humanities-a unique body in Europe: the Standing Committee for the Humanities (SCH), chaired by Professor Milena Žic Fuchs. The report aims both at serving a research community that is expanding and eager to see its efforts of engaging with computational modelling recognised as authoritative research in need of adequate research infrastructures, and the policy makers arena, where strategies on research infrastructures for the humanities are rarely shared at the international or national level. The research community and information professionals-involved in various fashions in the development of this ESF publication as workshop participants, authors, 2 reviewers, 3 commentators-can make and are making use of this 1 The report is available in PDF at <http://www.esf.org/publications.html>. Recommendations are collected at the end of the report but also appeared in a separate leaflet, the executive summary, also available at the same link. The ESF is an umbrella organisation representing national research performing and funding organisations from 30 European countries. Since its funding in 1974, it has been active in directing research policy in Europe by, amongst other actions, publishing many such policy reports. Note that the ESF is undergoing a major restructuring phase; for more information, see: <http://www.esf.org/esf-today/recent-developments.html> 2 The expert group of authors was chaired by Professor Claudine Moulin

Tecnología digital en Humanidades y aprendizaje integrado

Postmodern Culture and more: an Oral History Conversation between John Unsworth and Anne Welsh

Digital Humanities Quarterly, 2012

UCL logo UCL Discovery. ...

Content-based recommender systems for heritage: Developing a personalised museum tour

On Making in the Digital Humanities: The scholarship of digital humanities development in honour of John Bradley

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 30, 2023

Defining Digital Humanities : A Reader

Integrative Learning and Digital Humanities

Whether in universities, cultural heritage organizations such as museums, libraries and archives,... more Whether in universities, cultural heritage organizations such as museums, libraries and archives, commercial contexts and even in individuals' homes the application of computing to cultural heritage is transforming how the human record can be transmitted, shaped, understood, questioned and imagined. An increasingly mainstream area of academic research, in 2011 some 134 different academic courses offering Digital Humanities were identified (Spiro, 2011) and anecdotally it is clear that this number has increased since. The MA/MSc in DH in the Department of Information Studies, UCL was launched in 2010i. It is an interdisciplinary programme, exploring the intersection of digital technologies, humanities scholarship, and cultural heritage. Through it students with humanities backgrounds can develop necessary skills in digital technologies; students with technical backgrounds can develop necessary skills in humanities. It is designed to produce students capable of performing the role...

LPh 1, 2013 NOTES & DISCUSSIONS SCIENCE POLICY BRIEFING ON RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES: LANDSCAPES, ECOSYSTEM AND CULTURES

the European Science Foundation (ESF) published a so called Science Policy Briefing (SPB) on Rese... more the European Science Foundation (ESF) published a so called Science Policy Briefing (SPB) on Research Infrastructures in the Digital Humanities; 1 the first ESF publication of this type entirely commissioned by the scientific governance representing the Humanities-a unique body in Europe: the Standing Committee for the Humanities (SCH), chaired by Professor Milena Žic Fuchs. The report aims both at serving a research community that is expanding and eager to see its efforts of engaging with computational modelling recognised as authoritative research in need of adequate research infrastructures, and the policy makers arena, where strategies on research infrastructures for the humanities are rarely shared at the international or national level. The research community and information professionals-involved in various fashions in the development of this ESF publication as workshop participants, authors, 2 reviewers, 3 commentators-can make and are making use of this 1 The report is available in PDF at <http://www.esf.org/publications.html>. Recommendations are collected at the end of the report but also appeared in a separate leaflet, the executive summary, also available at the same link. The ESF is an umbrella organisation representing national research performing and funding organisations from 30 European countries. Since its funding in 1974, it has been active in directing research policy in Europe by, amongst other actions, publishing many such policy reports. Note that the ESF is undergoing a major restructuring phase; for more information, see: <http://www.esf.org/esf-today/recent-developments.html> 2 The expert group of authors was chaired by Professor Claudine Moulin

defoe: A Spark-Based Toolbox for Analysing Digital Historical Textual Data

2019 15th International Conference on eScience (eScience), 2019

This work presents defoe, a new scalable and portable digital eScience toolbox that enables histo... more This work presents defoe, a new scalable and portable digital eScience toolbox that enables historical research. It allows for running text mining queries across large datasets, such as historical newspapers and books in parallel via Apache Spark. It handles queries against collections that comprise several XML schemas and physical representations. The proposed tool has been successfully evaluated using five different large-scale historical text datasets and two HPC environments, as well as on desktops. Results shows that defoe allows researchers to query multiple datasets in parallel from a single command-line interface and in a consistent way, without any HPC environment-specific requirements.

The challenges and prospects of the intersection of humanities and data science: A White Paper from The Alan Turing Institute

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material inf... more Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.

Uncovering ‘hidden' contributions to the history of Digital Humanities: the Index Thomisticus' female keypunch operators

Who undertook the foundational work of the discipline now known as Digital Humanities (DH)? Whose... more Who undertook the foundational work of the discipline now known as Digital Humanities (DH)? Whose work merits inclusion in the history of the genesis of DH the leaders of scholarly projects? Their research assistants? Their administrators? Their funders? Have important contributions to early DH projects gone unacknowledged or been silenced by the field’s dominant ‘founding father’ narratives? How can a better understanding of previously undocumented contributions to the founding of DH allow us to evaluate the centrality of processes like collaboration and interdisciplinarity to the development and establishment of DH? This paper describes our research on the ‘hidden contributions’ to the Index Thomisticus project of Fr Roberto Busa S.J. (1913-2011). Busa is often said to be the founding father of DH: “Most fields cannot point to a single progenitor, much less a divine one, but humanities computing has Father Busa, who began working (with IBM) in the late 1940s on a concordance [the ...

WHITEPAPER and Final Performance Report: “Reconstructing the First Humanities Computing Center”: NEH Digital Humanities Advancement Grant HAA-255991-17 USF, TAMPA, FL, 2017-2019

Selected Definitions from the Day of Digital Humanities: 2009–2012

Reverse Engineering the First Humanities Computing Center

Digit. Humanit. Q., 2017

How can digital methods be used to conceptualize historical research projects, including their te... more How can digital methods be used to conceptualize historical research projects, including their teams, approaches, methods, and outputs? What methodologies can be used to synthesize and analyze archival records, workshop plans, photographic evidence, and oral histories? This co-authored paper describes an ongoing effort by a collaborative group* to understand and recover the work of Father Roberto Busa, commonly thought to be the “founding father” of Digital Humanities. Starting in 1949, Roberto Busa, S.J., began a landmark collaboration with IBM to build a lemmatized concordance to the works of St. Thomas Aquinas. In 1956 Busa founded the world’s first humanities computing center in Gallarate, Italy, located after 1961 in a former textile factory stocked with rows of IBM punched-card machines. This was CAAL, the Centro per L’Automazione dell’Analisi Letteraria—the Center for the Automation of Literary Analysis. There Busa and his mostly female student operators processed the monumen...

Borderlines VII Conference Proceedings

Selected Further Reading

Object-based learning and research-based education: Case studies from the UCL curricula

This chapter explores the strong relationship that exists between object-based learning and resea... more This chapter explores the strong relationship that exists between object-based learning and research-based education. Object-based learning as applied here prioritises interaction with museum objects to enhance critical thinking and key skills in university learners. Research-based education is focused on the students themselves engaging in the process and practice of primary research, rather than teachers imparting their research through their teaching. Our three case studies taken from current teaching at University College London (UCL) demonstrate how object-based learning using museum objects can be used effectively within research-based curricula. In this context this article responds to UCL’s Connected Curriculum initiative which will see a gear-change in teaching and learning at the University – one that prioritises holistic degree programmes with research practice and teacher-student collaboration at their core.

Sustaining Digital Humanities in the UK

This report is based on the findings of a workshop sponsored by the Software Sustainability Insti... more This report is based on the findings of a workshop sponsored by the Software Sustainability Institute, held at the University of Oxford's e-Research Centre (OeRC) on 21 June 2018. The workshop was led by an advisory board of Digital Humanities practitioners, representing a range of career stages, roles, and disciplines. The

The Atlas of Digitised Newspapers: Reports from Oceanic Exchanges

Between 2017 and 2019, <i>Oceanic Exchanges</i>, funded through the Transatlantic Par... more Between 2017 and 2019, <i>Oceanic Exchanges</i>, funded through the Transatlantic Partnership for Social Sciences and Humanities 2016 Digging into Data Challenge (https://diggingintodata.org), brought together leading efforts in computational periodicals research from six countries—Finland, Germany, Mexico, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States—to examine patterns of information flow across national and linguistic boundaries. Over the past thirty years, national libraries, universities and commercial publishers around the world have made available hundreds of millions of pages of historical newspapers through mass digitisation and currently release over one million new pages per month worldwide. These have become vital resources not only for academics but for journalists, politicians, schools, and the general public. However, these digitisation programmes share a critical weakness: the very creation of national newspapers collections obscures the fact that international news exchange was central to the nineteenth-century press. The <i>Atlas of Digitised Newspapers and Metadata </i>is an open access guide to digitised newspapers around the world. Its initial selection is limited in scope, being comprised of the ten databases (including the aggregator Europeana) for which we were able to secure access and licensing to the machine-readable data. Nonetheless, it aims to form the foundation of a wider mapping of collections beyond its current North Atlantic and Anglophone-Pacific focus. It brings together their histories and digitisation choices with a deeper look at the language of the digitised newspaper, the evolution of newspaper terminology and the variety of metadata available in these collections. It explores how machine-readable information about an issue, volume, page, and author is stored in the digital file alongside the raw content or text, and provides a controlled vocabulary designed to be used across disciplines, within academia and beyond.

Uncovering 'hidden' contributions to the history of Digital Humanities: the Index Thomisticus' female keypunch operators

by Julianne Nyhan and Melissa Terras