The De Gruyter Handbook of Automated Futures, 2024
The current framing regarding the future of jobs and automation is primed by developed countries’... more The current framing regarding the future of jobs and automation is primed by developed countries’ imaginaries, discourses, and sociohistorical experiences during the Third Industrial Revolution (3IR). From an economic perspective, the problems of automation, the displacement of workers and the forecasted changes in the demand for skills, abilities, and competencies are the key to defining the winners and losers of technological change. Still, those assume that the same global dynamics and imaginaries appear problematic, especially for analysing technological change in developing countries. This chapter argues that the Third (3IR) and Fourth Industrial Revolutions (4IR) processes differed in Latin America, producing a differential material and technological imagination for situated automated futures. Disentangling the mainstream narratives of technological change from the sociohistorical process of national economies’ organization and the structure of the labour markets risks unsituated automated futures and unhelpful images of the future for Latin American labour, jobs, and development. Using a directed approach, we provide evidence related to automation in the region to connect them with the main current economic clusters, discussing how these experiences could shape better images of automated futures in the region.
Developed nations have experienced a longstanding trend of reshaping the labour market's occupati... more Developed nations have experienced a longstanding trend of reshaping the labour market's occupational structure. This trend, named job market polarization, describes how middle-level jobs have decreased their relative share of the labour market in favour of high- and low-complexity jobs. The literature has pointed to technological change as the main factor in setting this configuration, which accompanied the transition to a knowledge economy as a source of competitive advantages. Still, the narratives of technological change are anchored to specific technologies and times that do not fit the emerging challenges of the fourth industrial revolution and the increasing relevance of the digital economy. In this paper, I explore how job polarization dynamics have interacted with active labour market policies' effectiveness by focusing on job training skill premiums. I use nationally representative data to evaluate cross-sectionally and longitudinally the relationship between job training access, job polarization, and wages. The results show that polarization poses a wage penalty while it increases the relative value of training skill premium. I discuss how the setting of a polarized market could be considered for future skill-based interventions concerning digital technologies.
During the last fifty years, the world has experienced the full effects of the third industrial r... more During the last fifty years, the world has experienced the full effects of the third industrial revolution (workplace computerization and ICTs) and the beginnings of the fourth industrial revolution (automation and digitalization of the production process). As massive transformations for societies and national economies, those technological disruptions have brought several changes for companies' and individuals' interactions in the labor market. The relationship between technology and work has been primarily studied from economics, sociology, and managerial perspectives. However, the dispersion of the narratives of technological change and the disciplinary perspectives provides a complex standpoint for analyzing the phenomenon between both moments of technological disruption. This paper presents a history of how the labor market has evolved in the context of technological change.
International Journal of Educational Development, 2024
This paper examines educational mismatch in Chile, a stable developing economy in Latin America, ... more This paper examines educational mismatch in Chile, a stable developing economy in Latin America, through the lens of incomplete markets. I offer three significant contributions to the field. Firstly, I develop a theoretical framework rooted in the job competition model and incomplete markets theory, placing educational mismatch in a historical context. This perspective broadens the discourse beyond conventional economic and sociological viewpoints, considering factors like the timing of higher education. Secondly, I explore the connection between educational mismatch's impact on wages and labor market discrimination, particularly gender-based disparities. This sheds light on how female workers are affected by educational mismatch. Lastly, I address methodological concerns by utilizing longitudinal data to refine our analysis, responding to critiques about using cross-sectional data to estimate educational mismatch. This study enhances the understanding of educational mismatch, offering insights specific to Chile's developing economy and contributing to a more comprehensive view of this issue in emerging economies.
Lifelong education has proven to be a significant challenge in the policy arena. The combination ... more Lifelong education has proven to be a significant challenge in the policy arena. The combination of formal education and labor-centered institutions has pressed the development of different mechanisms to understand the role of human capital accumulation in socioeconomic mobility and organizational performance. While the narratives of lifelong education have primed labor and educational studies across developed economies, in the case of developing economies, those logics appear contested by development economics conditions. In this paper, I use the context of the expansion of the graduate educational market and its policy reforms to analyze how a developing economy copes with a change in the availability of a highly educated workforce. Using panel and pseudo-panel data, I examine the evolution of educational returns for the graduate workforce in Chile between 1990 and 2018, considering the differences between industries and public and private sectors. The results point out that there are no public-private differences and high heterogeneity across economic sectors. The policy- and individual-level consequences are discussed.
Límite | Revista Interdisciplinaria de Filosofía y Psicología, 2022
El acoso, maltrato u hostigamiento laboral es un problema de larga data para la literatura de sal... more El acoso, maltrato u hostigamiento laboral es un problema de larga data para la literatura de salud ocupacional y comportamiento organizacional. La investigación en ambas áreas muestra que situaciones de maltrato laboral afectan en resultados relevantes para las organizaciones como lo son la rotación de personal, el desempeño grupal o individual, y la tasa de ausentismo. A nivel individual está relacionado con síntomas de estrés, problemas psicosomáticos y el desarrollo de conductas extrarrol. Debido a los marcos legales que determinan las conductas adecuadas o no adecuadas en el lugar de trabajo, es de utilidad para las organizaciones contar con instrumentos diagnósticos que den cuenta de forma oportuna de la existencia de fenómenos de maltrato laboral. Este artículo da cuenta del proceso de análisis de la confiabilidad y validez interna del Cuestionario de Terror Psicológico de Leymann Modificado (LIPT-60) en población chilena, tomando como eje de análisis el comprobar si la estructura factorial empírica da cuenta del cuerpo teórico que le sustenta. Se concluye que, a pesar de poseer buenos índices de confiabilidad y consistencia interna, la dimensionalidad de las facetas del modelo de Leymann no es representada de forma adecuada por la construcción y adaptación del LIPT-60.
Using a unique dataset built around published papers in top quality public policy, public adminis... more Using a unique dataset built around published papers in top quality public policy, public administration and program evaluation journals, we find that 29.7% of respondent authors indicate that the knowledge from their articles was used by policymakers or public administrators. These data are used to test for different patterns of use for policy vs management knowledge. Findings suggest that journal quality positively affects policy use but negatively affects management use and that topics suggested by practitioners affect management use but not policy use. The researchers’ degree of motivation to have their work used is important in both types of knowledge use. Overall, the results suggest there may be greater spillovers to practical use derived from standard academic publishing pursuits than generally believed.
The process of technological change brings significant challenges to societies. While private sec... more The process of technological change brings significant challenges to societies. While private sector organizations seek to include new technologies in their production processes, individuals and government agencies look for possibilities for adaptation. In the context of highly unequal countries such as those in Latin America, the way the adaptation occurs can play a significant role in social mobility and family wealth creation. As the literature suggests, one of the essential policy tools to cope with changes in the labor market lies in job training policies. In this article, I assess the effectiveness of the Chilean training system, focusing on how training affects wages. Using the Casen household survey and the Social Protection Survey longitudinal versions, I estimate a training skill premium near 11%. While the different data sources show that job training has an effect, differentiation of this effect lies with the decision maker in the training process.
Industrialised countries are currently facing the knowledge-to-digital economy transition. That t... more Industrialised countries are currently facing the knowledge-to-digital economy transition. That transition is strictly defined by how the labour market is organised and operates in the national economy. Some old to new phenomena are determinants of those dimensions, such as educational mismatch, credential inflation, and job polarisation. These phenomena affect the relationship between schooling and earnings, carrying consequences for social mobility, household welfare, and an individual's social progression perspective. Those phenomena remain understudied in the context of Latin America. Chile's case has gained relevance in the region due to the highly deregulated organisation of its educational market, the quality increase in its higher education institutions, and its funding policies for higher education. This work attempts to provide an extended diagnosis of the Chilean labour market, considering the impact of these emerging issues on the educational market and policymaking. The results show that 83.6% of Chilean employees experience an educational mismatch (overeducation and undereducation); credential inflation has depreciated the value of education over five of the six occupational categories – besides the polarisation index for industrialised countries such as the United Kingdom.
International Journal of Educational Development, 2021
In 2005 Chilean congress approved a bill that established a new funding tool for higher education... more In 2005 Chilean congress approved a bill that established a new funding tool for higher education funding through a "private system" of student loans (named CAE). The system aimed to support higher education inclusion among students with academic merits overcoming the lack of resources for ensuring access. Politicians have referred to this reform in higher education funding as a critical factor for expanding higher education enrollment. By its immediate results, it is a great strategy to cope with inequality and social mobility issues. However, there is little empirical evidence about labor market variables' overall effects, such as gender discrimination. This work attempts to estimate the new instrument's impact on the three standard measures of gender labor discrimination: labor participation, the gender wage gap, and the glass ceiling. The empirical strategy uses a difference-in-difference approach to provide estimates. The results indicate that the CAE policy changed women's labor market participation and contributed to close the gender pay gap in the labor market. However, the glass ceiling increased in the entire labor market, but not in the white-collar job market in specific.
The expansion of higher education across the globe changed the dynamics of social inclusion and e... more The expansion of higher education across the globe changed the dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion during the last century. As a result of the increase in higher-education enrollment, societies have reduced social gaps in education and labor. Moreover, higher-education expansion policies have led to a diversification in the quality of higher-education institutions and workforce configurations, which has allowed for the increased participation of women in the education and labor market. Evidence on higher-education expansion has shown only a minor decrease in gender gaps in the labor market. One explanation is the presence of credential market configuration, where degrees signal social status. This research focuses on how educational credentialism affects the gender wage gap, using the CASEN Household Survey of Chile. It aims to assess the effects of a credential on earnings, using a regression framework and data set between 2013 and 2017. The results point to a differential effect of credentials across genders, interpreted as a systematic bias toward human capital pricings, with particular effects on the gender wage gap.
La literatura respecto a diferencias generacionales ha sido difundida en el ámbito de las ciencia... more La literatura respecto a diferencias generacionales ha sido difundida en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, tanto en la explicación del comportamiento del consumidor, patrones de voto, compromiso social, valores cívicos hasta elementos relacionados con la gestión de las organizaciones. En este punto, la visión centrada en la repetición de los patrones culturales de Estados Unidos ha establecido la existencia de generaciones que poseen alineamientos valóricos y conductuales, los cuales la literatura ha replicado a través del mundo, sin ahondar en la validez del análisis en contextos culturales diferentes. Este trabajo utiliza este cuerpo teórico buscando establecer la validez de la comparación de las diferencias generacionales en el dominio de rasgos de personalidad, valores individuales, laborales y sociales, considerando el contexto sociocultural de una sociedad como la chilena. A través de un estudio transversal, con una encuesta diseñada para estos fines (N=2865) se da cuenta de...
Las transformaciones en la fuerza de trabajo y los procesos productivos a raíz de laglobalización... more Las transformaciones en la fuerza de trabajo y los procesos productivos a raíz de laglobalización y desarrollo tecnológico, han generado presiones sobre las unidadesde recursos humanos para atraer, retener y desarrollar el talento al interior de lasorganizaciones. Uno de los aportes de la psicología del trabajo ha sido proponer elajuste entre los valores individuales y la cultura de la organización como una variable relevante en dichas tareas. Este trabajo busca evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Encuesta deValores Laborales (EVAT 30). Este instrumento, basado en el modelo de valores universalesde Schwartz, permite evaluar y analizar los valores del trabajo de las personas. A travésde un chequeo progresivo de las propiedades del instrumento, que incluyó confiabilidad,escalamiento multidimensional, análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, en unamuestra de 2826 personas, se encontraron resultados favorables respecto de la utilidad ycalidad del instrumento.
International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie, Jan 28, 2015
Two surveys were conducted in Chile with indigenous Mapuche participants (N study 1: 573; N study... more Two surveys were conducted in Chile with indigenous Mapuche participants (N study 1: 573; N study 2: 198). In line with previous theorising, it was predicted that intergroup contact with the non-indigenous majority reduces prejudice. It was expected that this effect would be because of contact leading to more knowledge about the outgroup, which would then lead to less intergroup anxiety. The two studies yielded converging support for these predictions.
Organizational cynicism, as the topic of organizational behavior has been poorly developed in the... more Organizational cynicism, as the topic of organizational behavior has been poorly developed in the literature compared with other dimensions such as justice, commitment or satisfaction with the work. This article seeks to describe what are the organizational conditions that cause the emergence of cynicism. Through a study in three Chilean companies (n = 1242), we tested a mediational model about the relationship of job security, perceived organizational politics and cynicism. The results show that justice and organizational commitment work well as mediators. The theoretical implications and empirical addressed in the discussion.
The De Gruyter Handbook of Automated Futures, 2024
The current framing regarding the future of jobs and automation is primed by developed countries’... more The current framing regarding the future of jobs and automation is primed by developed countries’ imaginaries, discourses, and sociohistorical experiences during the Third Industrial Revolution (3IR). From an economic perspective, the problems of automation, the displacement of workers and the forecasted changes in the demand for skills, abilities, and competencies are the key to defining the winners and losers of technological change. Still, those assume that the same global dynamics and imaginaries appear problematic, especially for analysing technological change in developing countries. This chapter argues that the Third (3IR) and Fourth Industrial Revolutions (4IR) processes differed in Latin America, producing a differential material and technological imagination for situated automated futures. Disentangling the mainstream narratives of technological change from the sociohistorical process of national economies’ organization and the structure of the labour markets risks unsituated automated futures and unhelpful images of the future for Latin American labour, jobs, and development. Using a directed approach, we provide evidence related to automation in the region to connect them with the main current economic clusters, discussing how these experiences could shape better images of automated futures in the region.
Developed nations have experienced a longstanding trend of reshaping the labour market's occupati... more Developed nations have experienced a longstanding trend of reshaping the labour market's occupational structure. This trend, named job market polarization, describes how middle-level jobs have decreased their relative share of the labour market in favour of high- and low-complexity jobs. The literature has pointed to technological change as the main factor in setting this configuration, which accompanied the transition to a knowledge economy as a source of competitive advantages. Still, the narratives of technological change are anchored to specific technologies and times that do not fit the emerging challenges of the fourth industrial revolution and the increasing relevance of the digital economy. In this paper, I explore how job polarization dynamics have interacted with active labour market policies' effectiveness by focusing on job training skill premiums. I use nationally representative data to evaluate cross-sectionally and longitudinally the relationship between job training access, job polarization, and wages. The results show that polarization poses a wage penalty while it increases the relative value of training skill premium. I discuss how the setting of a polarized market could be considered for future skill-based interventions concerning digital technologies.
During the last fifty years, the world has experienced the full effects of the third industrial r... more During the last fifty years, the world has experienced the full effects of the third industrial revolution (workplace computerization and ICTs) and the beginnings of the fourth industrial revolution (automation and digitalization of the production process). As massive transformations for societies and national economies, those technological disruptions have brought several changes for companies' and individuals' interactions in the labor market. The relationship between technology and work has been primarily studied from economics, sociology, and managerial perspectives. However, the dispersion of the narratives of technological change and the disciplinary perspectives provides a complex standpoint for analyzing the phenomenon between both moments of technological disruption. This paper presents a history of how the labor market has evolved in the context of technological change.
International Journal of Educational Development, 2024
This paper examines educational mismatch in Chile, a stable developing economy in Latin America, ... more This paper examines educational mismatch in Chile, a stable developing economy in Latin America, through the lens of incomplete markets. I offer three significant contributions to the field. Firstly, I develop a theoretical framework rooted in the job competition model and incomplete markets theory, placing educational mismatch in a historical context. This perspective broadens the discourse beyond conventional economic and sociological viewpoints, considering factors like the timing of higher education. Secondly, I explore the connection between educational mismatch's impact on wages and labor market discrimination, particularly gender-based disparities. This sheds light on how female workers are affected by educational mismatch. Lastly, I address methodological concerns by utilizing longitudinal data to refine our analysis, responding to critiques about using cross-sectional data to estimate educational mismatch. This study enhances the understanding of educational mismatch, offering insights specific to Chile's developing economy and contributing to a more comprehensive view of this issue in emerging economies.
Lifelong education has proven to be a significant challenge in the policy arena. The combination ... more Lifelong education has proven to be a significant challenge in the policy arena. The combination of formal education and labor-centered institutions has pressed the development of different mechanisms to understand the role of human capital accumulation in socioeconomic mobility and organizational performance. While the narratives of lifelong education have primed labor and educational studies across developed economies, in the case of developing economies, those logics appear contested by development economics conditions. In this paper, I use the context of the expansion of the graduate educational market and its policy reforms to analyze how a developing economy copes with a change in the availability of a highly educated workforce. Using panel and pseudo-panel data, I examine the evolution of educational returns for the graduate workforce in Chile between 1990 and 2018, considering the differences between industries and public and private sectors. The results point out that there are no public-private differences and high heterogeneity across economic sectors. The policy- and individual-level consequences are discussed.
Límite | Revista Interdisciplinaria de Filosofía y Psicología, 2022
El acoso, maltrato u hostigamiento laboral es un problema de larga data para la literatura de sal... more El acoso, maltrato u hostigamiento laboral es un problema de larga data para la literatura de salud ocupacional y comportamiento organizacional. La investigación en ambas áreas muestra que situaciones de maltrato laboral afectan en resultados relevantes para las organizaciones como lo son la rotación de personal, el desempeño grupal o individual, y la tasa de ausentismo. A nivel individual está relacionado con síntomas de estrés, problemas psicosomáticos y el desarrollo de conductas extrarrol. Debido a los marcos legales que determinan las conductas adecuadas o no adecuadas en el lugar de trabajo, es de utilidad para las organizaciones contar con instrumentos diagnósticos que den cuenta de forma oportuna de la existencia de fenómenos de maltrato laboral. Este artículo da cuenta del proceso de análisis de la confiabilidad y validez interna del Cuestionario de Terror Psicológico de Leymann Modificado (LIPT-60) en población chilena, tomando como eje de análisis el comprobar si la estructura factorial empírica da cuenta del cuerpo teórico que le sustenta. Se concluye que, a pesar de poseer buenos índices de confiabilidad y consistencia interna, la dimensionalidad de las facetas del modelo de Leymann no es representada de forma adecuada por la construcción y adaptación del LIPT-60.
Using a unique dataset built around published papers in top quality public policy, public adminis... more Using a unique dataset built around published papers in top quality public policy, public administration and program evaluation journals, we find that 29.7% of respondent authors indicate that the knowledge from their articles was used by policymakers or public administrators. These data are used to test for different patterns of use for policy vs management knowledge. Findings suggest that journal quality positively affects policy use but negatively affects management use and that topics suggested by practitioners affect management use but not policy use. The researchers’ degree of motivation to have their work used is important in both types of knowledge use. Overall, the results suggest there may be greater spillovers to practical use derived from standard academic publishing pursuits than generally believed.
The process of technological change brings significant challenges to societies. While private sec... more The process of technological change brings significant challenges to societies. While private sector organizations seek to include new technologies in their production processes, individuals and government agencies look for possibilities for adaptation. In the context of highly unequal countries such as those in Latin America, the way the adaptation occurs can play a significant role in social mobility and family wealth creation. As the literature suggests, one of the essential policy tools to cope with changes in the labor market lies in job training policies. In this article, I assess the effectiveness of the Chilean training system, focusing on how training affects wages. Using the Casen household survey and the Social Protection Survey longitudinal versions, I estimate a training skill premium near 11%. While the different data sources show that job training has an effect, differentiation of this effect lies with the decision maker in the training process.
Industrialised countries are currently facing the knowledge-to-digital economy transition. That t... more Industrialised countries are currently facing the knowledge-to-digital economy transition. That transition is strictly defined by how the labour market is organised and operates in the national economy. Some old to new phenomena are determinants of those dimensions, such as educational mismatch, credential inflation, and job polarisation. These phenomena affect the relationship between schooling and earnings, carrying consequences for social mobility, household welfare, and an individual's social progression perspective. Those phenomena remain understudied in the context of Latin America. Chile's case has gained relevance in the region due to the highly deregulated organisation of its educational market, the quality increase in its higher education institutions, and its funding policies for higher education. This work attempts to provide an extended diagnosis of the Chilean labour market, considering the impact of these emerging issues on the educational market and policymaking. The results show that 83.6% of Chilean employees experience an educational mismatch (overeducation and undereducation); credential inflation has depreciated the value of education over five of the six occupational categories – besides the polarisation index for industrialised countries such as the United Kingdom.
International Journal of Educational Development, 2021
In 2005 Chilean congress approved a bill that established a new funding tool for higher education... more In 2005 Chilean congress approved a bill that established a new funding tool for higher education funding through a "private system" of student loans (named CAE). The system aimed to support higher education inclusion among students with academic merits overcoming the lack of resources for ensuring access. Politicians have referred to this reform in higher education funding as a critical factor for expanding higher education enrollment. By its immediate results, it is a great strategy to cope with inequality and social mobility issues. However, there is little empirical evidence about labor market variables' overall effects, such as gender discrimination. This work attempts to estimate the new instrument's impact on the three standard measures of gender labor discrimination: labor participation, the gender wage gap, and the glass ceiling. The empirical strategy uses a difference-in-difference approach to provide estimates. The results indicate that the CAE policy changed women's labor market participation and contributed to close the gender pay gap in the labor market. However, the glass ceiling increased in the entire labor market, but not in the white-collar job market in specific.
The expansion of higher education across the globe changed the dynamics of social inclusion and e... more The expansion of higher education across the globe changed the dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion during the last century. As a result of the increase in higher-education enrollment, societies have reduced social gaps in education and labor. Moreover, higher-education expansion policies have led to a diversification in the quality of higher-education institutions and workforce configurations, which has allowed for the increased participation of women in the education and labor market. Evidence on higher-education expansion has shown only a minor decrease in gender gaps in the labor market. One explanation is the presence of credential market configuration, where degrees signal social status. This research focuses on how educational credentialism affects the gender wage gap, using the CASEN Household Survey of Chile. It aims to assess the effects of a credential on earnings, using a regression framework and data set between 2013 and 2017. The results point to a differential effect of credentials across genders, interpreted as a systematic bias toward human capital pricings, with particular effects on the gender wage gap.
La literatura respecto a diferencias generacionales ha sido difundida en el ámbito de las ciencia... more La literatura respecto a diferencias generacionales ha sido difundida en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, tanto en la explicación del comportamiento del consumidor, patrones de voto, compromiso social, valores cívicos hasta elementos relacionados con la gestión de las organizaciones. En este punto, la visión centrada en la repetición de los patrones culturales de Estados Unidos ha establecido la existencia de generaciones que poseen alineamientos valóricos y conductuales, los cuales la literatura ha replicado a través del mundo, sin ahondar en la validez del análisis en contextos culturales diferentes. Este trabajo utiliza este cuerpo teórico buscando establecer la validez de la comparación de las diferencias generacionales en el dominio de rasgos de personalidad, valores individuales, laborales y sociales, considerando el contexto sociocultural de una sociedad como la chilena. A través de un estudio transversal, con una encuesta diseñada para estos fines (N=2865) se da cuenta de...
Las transformaciones en la fuerza de trabajo y los procesos productivos a raíz de laglobalización... more Las transformaciones en la fuerza de trabajo y los procesos productivos a raíz de laglobalización y desarrollo tecnológico, han generado presiones sobre las unidadesde recursos humanos para atraer, retener y desarrollar el talento al interior de lasorganizaciones. Uno de los aportes de la psicología del trabajo ha sido proponer elajuste entre los valores individuales y la cultura de la organización como una variable relevante en dichas tareas. Este trabajo busca evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Encuesta deValores Laborales (EVAT 30). Este instrumento, basado en el modelo de valores universalesde Schwartz, permite evaluar y analizar los valores del trabajo de las personas. A travésde un chequeo progresivo de las propiedades del instrumento, que incluyó confiabilidad,escalamiento multidimensional, análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, en unamuestra de 2826 personas, se encontraron resultados favorables respecto de la utilidad ycalidad del instrumento.
International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie, Jan 28, 2015
Two surveys were conducted in Chile with indigenous Mapuche participants (N study 1: 573; N study... more Two surveys were conducted in Chile with indigenous Mapuche participants (N study 1: 573; N study 2: 198). In line with previous theorising, it was predicted that intergroup contact with the non-indigenous majority reduces prejudice. It was expected that this effect would be because of contact leading to more knowledge about the outgroup, which would then lead to less intergroup anxiety. The two studies yielded converging support for these predictions.
Organizational cynicism, as the topic of organizational behavior has been poorly developed in the... more Organizational cynicism, as the topic of organizational behavior has been poorly developed in the literature compared with other dimensions such as justice, commitment or satisfaction with the work. This article seeks to describe what are the organizational conditions that cause the emergence of cynicism. Through a study in three Chilean companies (n = 1242), we tested a mediational model about the relationship of job security, perceived organizational politics and cynicism. The results show that justice and organizational commitment work well as mediators. The theoretical implications and empirical addressed in the discussion.
Libro orientado a la descripción de modo teórico del funcionamiento de la economía de acuerdo a l... more Libro orientado a la descripción de modo teórico del funcionamiento de la economía de acuerdo a los principios de la economía civil.
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Papers by Nicolás Didier