Newsletter of the Colorado Council of Professional Archaeologists, Volume 3, Number 2, pp. 9-15: .. In Newsletter of the Colorado Council of Professional Archaeologists, Volume 3, Number 2, pp. 9-15. https://coloradoarchaeologists.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/CCPA-Newsletter-Vol-44-No-2.pdf, 2022
In 1859, Elizabeth Minerva Sumner Byers (1834-1920) was one of the first white woman to arrive in... more In 1859, Elizabeth Minerva Sumner Byers (1834-1920) was one of the first white woman to arrive in Denver—the eighth or ninth woman in fact. Stepping off of the buckboard she had ridden from Kearney, Nebraska, along with her husband, William Newton Byers, and their two young children, Frank and Mary Eve (Byers Robinson)—she found a community with only dirt roads, no sanitation or plumbing, and numerous unemployed miners with families, many people homeless, sick and starving. This pioneer country was quite a contrast for a “splendid type of the cultured, refined woman” of an old and prominent colonial family with roots in Ohio and Iowa. Her grandfather, Governor Robert Lucas, was both a territorial and an elected governor of Ohio, and twice governor of Iowa.
In 1893, Elizabeth M. Byers established a home for boys who were orphaned or whose families could not fully support them. It was first called the Working Boys Home and School at South Fifteenth Street and West Eleventh Avenue in Denver (now 11th Ave. & Acoma St., although some sources mention a home at 11th and Bannock. Whether they were two separate homes, or two different interpretations of historic Denver street names in not clear). The house Mrs. Byers purchased was remodeled to house twenty boys ranging in age from 8 to 16 years. According to an article published in The Denver Republican newspaper in 1896, this was one of three known homes in the US and Canada supported “nearly in toto by a woman.” When Elizabeth Byers built a new home located at 64 West Alameda Street, the name was changed to E.M. Byers Home for Boys, established and incorporated in September 1903. As an extension of the boys’ home in Denver, a summer camp program was conceived and likely implemented by Elizabeth Byers, William Crawford, and the E.M. Byers Home for Boys board of directors, as early as 1896.
A camp called the E.M. Byers Home for Boys Summer Camp had operated for some time under a Special Use Permit (SUP) on US Forest Service
(USFS) land in the Pike National Forest at South Platte Canyon, Park County, ceasing operation by the late 1960s. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that from 1914 on, the camp was located in Park County, between
the towns of Shawnee and Grant, and that it was likely established there by 1910, if not earlier.
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Papers by Karen L Pierce
In 1893, Elizabeth M. Byers established a home for boys who were orphaned or whose families could not fully support them. It was first called the Working Boys Home and School at South Fifteenth Street and West Eleventh Avenue in Denver (now 11th Ave. & Acoma St., although some sources mention a home at 11th and Bannock. Whether they were two separate homes, or two different interpretations of historic Denver street names in not clear). The house Mrs. Byers purchased was remodeled to house twenty boys ranging in age from 8 to 16 years. According to an article published in The Denver Republican newspaper in 1896, this was one of three known homes in the US and Canada supported “nearly in toto by a woman.” When Elizabeth Byers built a new home located at 64 West Alameda Street, the name was changed to E.M. Byers Home for Boys, established and incorporated in September 1903. As an extension of the boys’ home in Denver, a summer camp program was conceived and likely implemented by Elizabeth Byers, William Crawford, and the E.M. Byers Home for Boys board of directors, as early as 1896.
A camp called the E.M. Byers Home for Boys Summer Camp had operated for some time under a Special Use Permit (SUP) on US Forest Service
(USFS) land in the Pike National Forest at South Platte Canyon, Park County, ceasing operation by the late 1960s. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that from 1914 on, the camp was located in Park County, between
the towns of Shawnee and Grant, and that it was likely established there by 1910, if not earlier.
The two-story log cabin and its outbuildings perch on a hillside among ponderosa pine and aspen trees in the Pike National Forest, about a mile southwest of the Shawnee Historic District in northern Park County. Logging, mining, settlement, and ranching activities increased dramatically in the area beginning around 1860. With the advent of the mining industry and the development of railroads came a steady demand for wood. The arrival of the Denver, South Park & Pacific Railway in 1878 facilitated the shipment of goods. Trains also brought recreationalists to the area, which was a popular fishing and summer community as early as the 1880s and remains an adventurer’s haven today.
The Deatherage/Gibbs Place’s two stories distinguish it from most buildings of Pioneer Log construction, which stand at one story. The materials comprise native logs used in the original log bay, plus milled lumber and unpeeled log siding, likely sourced locally, used to build the newer frame bay. The complex has withstood many periods of change and adaptation, having served as a ranch and logging homestead, a farmhouse, and a summer cabin. Unsubstantiated rumors claimed it had also been a hotel.
The two outbuildings were probably built around the same time as the house, although the different materials and techniques suggest the reuse of logs from earlier structures. Distinguishable from the round nails apparently used to construct the generator house, broken square nails in some of the same structure’s logs provide clues as to the their reuse. A barn and other agricultural buildings once stood in the distance, and historic documents also mention a long-gone “milk house,” through which cool water from the 1887 Callaghan irrigation ditch flowed.
In 1891 Ralston B. Deatherage, who had arrived in Park County in about 1890, filed a claim for this 160 acres of land, which he soon sold to his mother, Catherine Deatherage. Months after Ralston Deatherage filed his claim, he and half-brother Oliver Callaghan agreed to supply the Denver Paper Mill Company with cut logs, mules, wagons, and equipment, and to allow the establishment of a sawmill. In December 1896, a crew member shot and killed Oliver Callaghan, who was working as foreman of a small wood camp near the sawmill, which was presumably elsewhere on the Deatherage property.
Deatherage sold the land to Milton Gibbs, a neighboring homesteader and Civil War veteran who had arrived in Colorado in 1884. Gibbs moved to the ranch with his family in 1899 and likely used Deatherage land for grazing or growing hay prior to purchasing it in 1900. The Gibbs family owned about twenty-five to fifty head of stock and about five or six horses. Although the Gibbs’s land and belongings were eventually auctioned off, they continued to reside here until soon after Milton’s death in 1909. A military headstone marks his grave atop a hill on the property’s westernmost reaches.
The property continued to change hands—a total of eight times after Deatherage’s original ownership—and was even leased to a bootlegger during Prohibition. The rustic log house has been heavily vandalized since the US Forest Service (USFS) purchased the site in 1977. Nevertheless, the workmanship still speaks to the mountain construction culture of early settlers—hewn logs, notched corner joints, and simple construction techniques.
Deatherage/Gibbs Place State Register Nomination Form 5PA.586
In 1933 Albert J. Gould, Jr., a prominent Denver attorney, purchased the majority of a 1880s homestead and then designed this house in 1940. Gould used the house as a base for mountain recreation, to entertain guests, and as headquarters for his small ranching operation. The ca. 1941 A.G. Ranch house is a well-built example of a Rustic-style house with its exterior half-round log siding, stone foundations and chimney, wood trim, and overhanging clipped gable roof, which all convey an association with the house's mountainous setting and characterize the Rustic-style associated with vacation homes and dude ranches that were typically built after 1905.
Books by Karen L Pierce
occupation spans in the Maya Lowlands. First occupied in the Preclassic (ca. 1500 B.C.) and continuously inhabited through the Classic period “collapse,” Lamanai was thriving when the Spanish arrived in A.D. 1540. Lamanai’s lagoon-side location at the head of the New River, with direct access to the Caribbean Sea, allowed for cultural and economic exchange well beyond the immediate region. The N10[3] architectural group (aka Ottawa Group), located in the Central Precinct of Lamanai, has been interpreted as an administrative and elite residential complex, or palace, of some significance due to its lengthy occupation span and its location adjacent to two important ceremonial plaza groups in the Central Precinct. During the Late to Terminal Classic period (A.D. 624–962 at Lamanai), the Ottawa Group underwent a major architectural transformation, which may be an indication of changing functions and strategies on the part of Lamanai elites. These modifications may have played
a role in Lamanai’s persistence during the transition from the Classic to Postclassic periods in Mesoamerica—a time when other cities were abandoned in the Maya Lowlands.
During the massive remodeling of this Ottawa Group, some masonry structures were
razed, while others, such as Structure N10-15, continued to be remodeled. This thesis gives a fresh assessment of the function of the Ottawa Group, describes the architectural sequence of Structure N10-15, and examines the caching patterns present throughout the different architectural stages. When considered together, the architectural changes at Structure N10-15 and associated changes in cache composition and placement signal a change in emphasis shifting away from exclusive elite-led activities associated with divine kingship toward those of a more inclusive and public nature.
from the Preclassic (ca. 1600 BCE) through the Postclassic and into
the Spanish colonial period (1500 – 1700 CE), coupled with extensive
archaeological excavations, has resulted in the discovery of numerous
pottery artifacts. This book includes a Foreword by David Pendergast,
and presents the entire collection of technically illustrated pottery—
over 940 illustrations of more than 800 vessels and pottery objects.
A summary of the results of archaeological research over the past
five decades introduces the site. An overview of Maya pottery forms
and ceramic illustration conventions serve as the foundation for
the visual and contextual data presented with the illustrations. A
brief introduction to ceramic analysis is followed by an outline of
the research at Lamanai that focused on pottery analysis, including
peripheral studies incorporating pottery vessels and assemblages.
Type-variety designations are also provided for the illustrated pottery.
In 1893, Elizabeth M. Byers established a home for boys who were orphaned or whose families could not fully support them. It was first called the Working Boys Home and School at South Fifteenth Street and West Eleventh Avenue in Denver (now 11th Ave. & Acoma St., although some sources mention a home at 11th and Bannock. Whether they were two separate homes, or two different interpretations of historic Denver street names in not clear). The house Mrs. Byers purchased was remodeled to house twenty boys ranging in age from 8 to 16 years. According to an article published in The Denver Republican newspaper in 1896, this was one of three known homes in the US and Canada supported “nearly in toto by a woman.” When Elizabeth Byers built a new home located at 64 West Alameda Street, the name was changed to E.M. Byers Home for Boys, established and incorporated in September 1903. As an extension of the boys’ home in Denver, a summer camp program was conceived and likely implemented by Elizabeth Byers, William Crawford, and the E.M. Byers Home for Boys board of directors, as early as 1896.
A camp called the E.M. Byers Home for Boys Summer Camp had operated for some time under a Special Use Permit (SUP) on US Forest Service
(USFS) land in the Pike National Forest at South Platte Canyon, Park County, ceasing operation by the late 1960s. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that from 1914 on, the camp was located in Park County, between
the towns of Shawnee and Grant, and that it was likely established there by 1910, if not earlier.
The two-story log cabin and its outbuildings perch on a hillside among ponderosa pine and aspen trees in the Pike National Forest, about a mile southwest of the Shawnee Historic District in northern Park County. Logging, mining, settlement, and ranching activities increased dramatically in the area beginning around 1860. With the advent of the mining industry and the development of railroads came a steady demand for wood. The arrival of the Denver, South Park & Pacific Railway in 1878 facilitated the shipment of goods. Trains also brought recreationalists to the area, which was a popular fishing and summer community as early as the 1880s and remains an adventurer’s haven today.
The Deatherage/Gibbs Place’s two stories distinguish it from most buildings of Pioneer Log construction, which stand at one story. The materials comprise native logs used in the original log bay, plus milled lumber and unpeeled log siding, likely sourced locally, used to build the newer frame bay. The complex has withstood many periods of change and adaptation, having served as a ranch and logging homestead, a farmhouse, and a summer cabin. Unsubstantiated rumors claimed it had also been a hotel.
The two outbuildings were probably built around the same time as the house, although the different materials and techniques suggest the reuse of logs from earlier structures. Distinguishable from the round nails apparently used to construct the generator house, broken square nails in some of the same structure’s logs provide clues as to the their reuse. A barn and other agricultural buildings once stood in the distance, and historic documents also mention a long-gone “milk house,” through which cool water from the 1887 Callaghan irrigation ditch flowed.
In 1891 Ralston B. Deatherage, who had arrived in Park County in about 1890, filed a claim for this 160 acres of land, which he soon sold to his mother, Catherine Deatherage. Months after Ralston Deatherage filed his claim, he and half-brother Oliver Callaghan agreed to supply the Denver Paper Mill Company with cut logs, mules, wagons, and equipment, and to allow the establishment of a sawmill. In December 1896, a crew member shot and killed Oliver Callaghan, who was working as foreman of a small wood camp near the sawmill, which was presumably elsewhere on the Deatherage property.
Deatherage sold the land to Milton Gibbs, a neighboring homesteader and Civil War veteran who had arrived in Colorado in 1884. Gibbs moved to the ranch with his family in 1899 and likely used Deatherage land for grazing or growing hay prior to purchasing it in 1900. The Gibbs family owned about twenty-five to fifty head of stock and about five or six horses. Although the Gibbs’s land and belongings were eventually auctioned off, they continued to reside here until soon after Milton’s death in 1909. A military headstone marks his grave atop a hill on the property’s westernmost reaches.
The property continued to change hands—a total of eight times after Deatherage’s original ownership—and was even leased to a bootlegger during Prohibition. The rustic log house has been heavily vandalized since the US Forest Service (USFS) purchased the site in 1977. Nevertheless, the workmanship still speaks to the mountain construction culture of early settlers—hewn logs, notched corner joints, and simple construction techniques.
Deatherage/Gibbs Place State Register Nomination Form 5PA.586
In 1933 Albert J. Gould, Jr., a prominent Denver attorney, purchased the majority of a 1880s homestead and then designed this house in 1940. Gould used the house as a base for mountain recreation, to entertain guests, and as headquarters for his small ranching operation. The ca. 1941 A.G. Ranch house is a well-built example of a Rustic-style house with its exterior half-round log siding, stone foundations and chimney, wood trim, and overhanging clipped gable roof, which all convey an association with the house's mountainous setting and characterize the Rustic-style associated with vacation homes and dude ranches that were typically built after 1905.
occupation spans in the Maya Lowlands. First occupied in the Preclassic (ca. 1500 B.C.) and continuously inhabited through the Classic period “collapse,” Lamanai was thriving when the Spanish arrived in A.D. 1540. Lamanai’s lagoon-side location at the head of the New River, with direct access to the Caribbean Sea, allowed for cultural and economic exchange well beyond the immediate region. The N10[3] architectural group (aka Ottawa Group), located in the Central Precinct of Lamanai, has been interpreted as an administrative and elite residential complex, or palace, of some significance due to its lengthy occupation span and its location adjacent to two important ceremonial plaza groups in the Central Precinct. During the Late to Terminal Classic period (A.D. 624–962 at Lamanai), the Ottawa Group underwent a major architectural transformation, which may be an indication of changing functions and strategies on the part of Lamanai elites. These modifications may have played
a role in Lamanai’s persistence during the transition from the Classic to Postclassic periods in Mesoamerica—a time when other cities were abandoned in the Maya Lowlands.
During the massive remodeling of this Ottawa Group, some masonry structures were
razed, while others, such as Structure N10-15, continued to be remodeled. This thesis gives a fresh assessment of the function of the Ottawa Group, describes the architectural sequence of Structure N10-15, and examines the caching patterns present throughout the different architectural stages. When considered together, the architectural changes at Structure N10-15 and associated changes in cache composition and placement signal a change in emphasis shifting away from exclusive elite-led activities associated with divine kingship toward those of a more inclusive and public nature.
from the Preclassic (ca. 1600 BCE) through the Postclassic and into
the Spanish colonial period (1500 – 1700 CE), coupled with extensive
archaeological excavations, has resulted in the discovery of numerous
pottery artifacts. This book includes a Foreword by David Pendergast,
and presents the entire collection of technically illustrated pottery—
over 940 illustrations of more than 800 vessels and pottery objects.
A summary of the results of archaeological research over the past
five decades introduces the site. An overview of Maya pottery forms
and ceramic illustration conventions serve as the foundation for
the visual and contextual data presented with the illustrations. A
brief introduction to ceramic analysis is followed by an outline of
the research at Lamanai that focused on pottery analysis, including
peripheral studies incorporating pottery vessels and assemblages.
Type-variety designations are also provided for the illustrated pottery.