Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology, 2015
In this research, we perceived that some approaches adopted by environmentalist and researchers t... more In this research, we perceived that some approaches adopted by environmentalist and researchers to remediate crude oil contaminated soil, by using microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergilus nigar and Azotobacter have obvious drawback. Thus we set out to adopt synergistic application of earthworms and brewery mash as consortiums for cleaning-up crude oil contaminated soil. The result gave significant reduction of contaminants in the soil. The efficiency of this approach arose due to considerable biological influence of earthworms in the soil by burrowing, feeding on the brewery mash, promoting aeration and facilitating rapid oxidation of the contaminants. The brewery mash was introduced as nutritional additive that would supplement for the depleted nitrogen and phosphorus, to facilitate associated feeding regimes. Wherein the brewery mash serve as carbon source to the earthworms. The results suggest that the co-application of Nsukkadrilus mbae and brewery mash promoted the reduction of both recalcitrant TPH and PAHs crude oil-contaminated soil. It equally showed that by increasing the number of earthworms, will further enhanced loss of contaminants. Considering the relative availability and affordability of earthworms and brewery mash, this approach is unarguably economical. Field application of earthworms and brewery mash for bioremediation would require careful consideration in matching earthworm treatment approach with appropriate earthworm species. Thus, earthworms enhance oil degradation via oxidation processes due to the aeration resulting from burrowing activities, increased microbial availability of hydrocarbons due to bioturbation and facilitate microbial activities. The observed increase in respiration rate by microorganisms indicates that earthworms and brewery mash have positive influence on microbial activities. In general, if given longer time, the synergistic application/activities of earthworm and brewery mash contaminants clean-up would be absolute, beneficial and economic approach to bio-remediate dissolvable and recalcitrant contaminated hydrocarbons in polluted soil.
Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health, 2017
Various concentrations of lead (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) were prepared by dissolving 1 g, 1.5 g,... more Various concentrations of lead (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) were prepared by dissolving 1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g and 3 g of the salt in deionized water and making up to volume to100ml. Soil samples were prepared and allowed to equilibrate with the different concentrations of the salt samples. After equilibration, earthworm species which had been acclimatized to the in-situ environment were introduced the equilibrated soil samples. The earthworms were allowed to stay between 3-5 days in the soil samples. They were harvested and the lead (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) content of the earthworm samples. The result showed that the earthworms possessed the ability to bioaccumulate the salt samples and the statistical analysis showed increase in bioaccumulation with increase in the salt content.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained from palm wine and used for the extraction of peroxidase. P... more Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained from palm wine and used for the extraction of peroxidase. Peroxidase isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was partially purified and characterized. A twelve-day pilot study was carried out which gave the highest activity on day eight. The crude enzyme-specific activity-0.751 U/ mg with 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation of peroxidase was achieved. Peroxidase was partially purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, following gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Two peaks connoted as fractions (A & B) on the elution profile of the gel filtration were obtained. The optimum operational conditions for peroxidase-substrate reactions were evaluated. A combined purification fold for both fractions yielded 0.657 with specific activity-0.494 U/ mg. A purification fold of 2.470 with specific activity-1.855 U/mg was obtained for fraction A, while 2.269 fold with specific activity-1.704 U/mg was for fraction B. The optimum pH and temperature were 6.5 and 30 °C for fraction A and 6.0 and 40 °C for fraction B. The peroxidase activity was stable at a pH range of 5.5-7.0 and below 40 °C. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K m) for o-dianisidine and hydrogen peroxide were 0.2 mM, 0.1111 mM, and 0.0833 mM, 0.1428 mM for fractions A and B. The maximum velocity (V max) for o-dianisidine and hydrogen peroxide were 10 U/min, 7.1428 U/min, and 8.333 U/min, 9.0909 U/min for fraction A and B. considering these characteristics of peroxidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it helps to understand how yeast cells operate during fermentation.
The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The... more The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The spills from spend engine oil posed serious problems to the land and aquatic habitats. Efficient methods but low-cost technique for remediating spends engine oil contaminated soil and restorations of soil fertility are being explored. In response to used engine oil pollution to the soil, the present investigation examined the comparative biodegradation level of spend engine oil contaminated soil using fermented chicken droppings. The soil sample was collected from the uncontaminated site 10 cm below ground level. The sandy/loam soil was sieved with 2.5 mm mesh. A 4 kg of the soil was weighed into each bucket and contaminated with spend engine oil, the soil was contaminated with 150 ml of the spend engine oil at a ratio of 1:27. A 27 kg of chicken droppings was mixed with 27 liters of water in a ratio of 1 kg: 1L. The mixture was left for 7days to ferment and increase the microbial load. ...
Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, Jan 17, 2020
The inhibitive action of (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-... more The inhibitive action of (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid (Levaquin) on API 5L X-52 steel in 2 M HCl solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization method and quantum chemical study. Levaquin drug showed good inhibition efficiency of 88 and 95 % at 303 and 323 K, respectively. The results of experimental measurements revealed that Levaquin drug works as a mixed type inhibitor. Langmuir thermodynamic model was tested to describe the mode of inhibitor adsorption on the steel surface. The quantum chemical calculations confirmed the efficacy of Levaquin drug as a corrosion inhibitor.
The cases of metabolic disorder and diseases have been linked to the toxicity of heavy metals in ... more The cases of metabolic disorder and diseases have been linked to the toxicity of heavy metals in foods crops. This study evaluates the degree of heavy metals in selected fruits sold at Umuahia market in Nigeria. Ten different fruits were randomly selected. The fresh fruits comprised Solanum lycopersicum (Tomatoes), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber), Solanum melongena (Nigerian Egggarden), Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon), Dacryodes edulis (African bush pear), Juglans regia (Walnut), Syzgium malaccense (Mountain apple), Annona muricata (Soursop), Pachycarpa kschum (Monkey kola), and Dennettia tripetala (Pepper fruit), respectively. These fruits were slices to pieces and air dried; they were ground and digested. The heavy metals were screened with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Their health risk assessment was analyzed based on established models. Results showed that zinc and lead were undetected in fruits such as C.
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2016
This investigation was carried out in four different locations mapped out along the river bank. T... more This investigation was carried out in four different locations mapped out along the river bank. Twelve water samples were collected and six different fresh fish species that are frequently consumed were caught. They include: African red snapper (Lutjanus agennes), Yellow tail (Seriola lalandi), Barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), Atlantic Croker (Micropogonias undulates), Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Samples were subjected to screening using gas chromatography and flame ionization detector instrument. Results revealed presence of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminant in all the fish samples and varies with species significantly at p >0.05. The profound TPH compound is Nonane with molecular formula C 9 H 20. 9 x 10-9 mg/l was adapted as Nonane concentration in water samples. Nonane concentration in fish samples showed African red snapper 3.9565±4.64648mg/l, Yellow tail 8.7243±2.15546 mg/l, Barracuda 6.2555±0.48889 mg/l, Atlantic Croker 9.3866±0.42208 mg/l, Catfish 4.1973±1.52959mg/l and Tilapia 6.0039±0.96487mg/l respectively. The bioaccumulation factor varies in fish species, where the Yellow tail have higher bioaccumulation factor 969,369061, followed by
American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mar 1, 2017
This research investigated the modulatory effect of methanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leav... more This research investigated the modulatory effect of methanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves on peroxidation indices of CCl 4induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty rats of average weight 150g divided into six groups of 5 rats each were used for the study. Group one (control) received water and paraffin for ten days. Group two (treatment control) received water only, group 3 (standard control), received a 100 mg/kg b.w of ascorbic acid, groups 4, 5 and 6 received 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.w of Bryophyllum pinnatum extract, respectively. Hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl 4 administration in groups 2 to 6 on the 7 th and 8 th days. There was significant increase in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-significant decreases in total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in the extract treated groups (4-6) compared to group two (CCl 4 untreated). There was a significant increase in the level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the extract treated groups (4-6) compared to group one. Animals in groups 4-6 showed a significant decrease in MDA concentration compared to that of group one. Report from this study shows that Bryophyllum pinnatum extract has modulatory effect on the lipid profile of Wistar rats intoxicated with CCL 4 .
This study examined the dietary outcome of Alstonia boonei stem bark. A. boonei stem bark was ext... more This study examined the dietary outcome of Alstonia boonei stem bark. A. boonei stem bark was extracted with ethanol after air-drying and grinding. Hematological indices of Wistar albino rats were impacted with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4). Eighteen male albino mice were used to check acute toxicity of the extract while 30 albino rats were used to examine the hematological functions-Packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, total white blood cell (WBC) count, total red blood cell (RBC) count and platelet count. The rats were separated into six sets of five rats each. Set-1 stands for normal control, and 2 ml/kg body weight of distilled water was given to them. Set-2 to 6 rats were induced with CCl 4, though set-2 was untreated, it represents negative control while set-3 was treated with Silymarin drug and represents positive control. Set-4 to 6 rats were given 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg body weight of A. boonei extract for 14 days. The acute toxicity study of A. boonei extract showed greater safeties as no death was recorded after 24 h. After giving classified doses of A. boonei extract, a non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in albumin concentration was observed which proposes no toxic effect, an indication that the extract may have protective properties for hepatocytes. It was warned that the extract may be toxic to bile function since there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in total bilirubin for all the sets that were given A. boonei stem bark extract. The no significant (p > 0.05) decrease in PCV count, also suggests a marked loss of red blood cells. The no significant (p > 0.05) increase in hemoglobin concentration recommended that a low concentration of the extract was not toxic to hemoglobin concentration. The non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in WBC and RBC count in rats-given a low dose of A. boonei extract show that at low concentration, the extract may exercise antibody effect. The non-significant (p > 0.05) decrease in platelet concentration in all the sets given A. boonei extract compared to the normal control (set-1) might offer homeostatic properties or decreased platelet production due to A. boonei stem bark extract. The findings advocate that A. boonei stem bark if consumed, may protect hepatic cells due to its potentials against assault from intoxicants.
The quest to improving the nutritional quality of a growing population is critical. Nutritional q... more The quest to improving the nutritional quality of a growing population is critical. Nutritional quality is lacking in terms of which vegetable will yield the desired nutrient. This research investigates the nutritional quality of some wild edible vegetables and their effect on rats. Two different delicacies were prepared with two novel vegetables -Adenia cissampeloides (ACD) and Arthropteris Palisoti (APD) plants. The mineral and vitamin profiles in these vegetables were determined using standard methods. Twenty four weanling rats with weight ranging from -43.99 to 81.49 g, were randomly designated into four groups (n = 6). Two groups of the experimental rats were fed with the formulated experimental diets, while the other two groups were fed with protein-free (casein) and basal diets. Carbohydrate, protein, vitamins C and E were significant at p < 0.05 in the two wild vegetables; the mineral composition showed significance at p < 0.05 for delicacies with low Na + content while Ca 2+ concentration was significantly high in ACD and APD. Mg 2+ was high in ACD while Phosphorus concentration was high in APD. The ACD-fed rats had a higher value (2.37 ± 0.01 %) compared to APD (2.18 ± 0.01). The reference group consumed more food (97.06 ± 14.70 g) followed by the basal group (88.98 ± 10.61), ACD (43.89 ± 14.34), and APD (42.02 ± 7.98), respectively. There was no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed in the body weight changes, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, net protein retention, true digestibility, fecal and carcass protein levels in all the groups. Findings suggest that nutrients in these vegetables are of good quality to benefit the user hence it is recommended in routine diet preparations.
In women, testosterone is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and fat cells. Women may produ... more In women, testosterone is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and fat cells. Women may produce much or little of testosterone. Excess Testosterones and deficiencies are among the common hormonal disorders in women. Testosterone in women plays a role in the hormonal cascade that kick-starts puberty and stimulates hair growth. In adult women, testosterone is necessary for estrogen synthesis and have played a key role in the prevention of bone loss, sexual desire, and satisfaction. Testosterone can affect the breast and it is well implicated in testosterone therapy for women. The need to bring about shreds of evidence linking specific human health effect due to testosterone imbalance in women for the assessment of reproduction insufficiency was the purpose of this investigation. Results from clinical observations and epidemiological studies implicate testosterone imbalance as a significant treatment of public health. A total of 186 women of Eket Community in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, were purposively and disproportionately selected, using simplified sample size formula. Blood serums were prepared using the blood obtained from donors. The in vitro assay of the testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin was achieved using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The ratio of sex hormone binding globulin to testosterone was calculated and free testosterone was obtained. The in vitro hormonal quantification showed that 38 (20%) of women had testosterone level above the reference range -4.42-32.02 ng/ml/mmol/L, while 148 (80%) had low testosterone level. This showed that a fraction of women in Eket community with high levels of a form of testosterone called "free" testosterone may have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by irregular or absent of menstrual periods, infertility, blood sugar disorders (pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes), and, in some cases, symptoms such as acne and excess hair growth may set in.
According to the Nigerian National Population Commission 2006, the population of the nation was c... more According to the Nigerian National Population Commission 2006, the population of the nation was conservatively estimated to be over one hundred and seventy million. The challenge of nutritional quality to feed an increasing national population places a higher demand on poorly grown conventional plants. Thus the need to incorporate wild edible plants to bridge the extended gap between the conventional vegetable and the wild indigenous edible plants informs this research. The daily intake of vitamins and minerals are obtained from vegetables. Wild edible plants serve as food and medicine. In this study, the delicacies were prepared from two novel wild edible vegetables -Ceiba Pentandra (CPD) and Ficus glumosa (FGD). They were evaluated for nutritional quality. Their minerals and vitamins content were determined using standard methods. These delicacies were fortified with a diet of experimental rats. Twenty four (24) albino rats weighing 43.99 -81.49 g were randomly arranged into six groups (n = 6) of six rats per group. Two groups were fed with the formulated experimental diets, while the other two were fed with protein-free (casein) and basal diets. Vitamins C and E, carbohydrate and protein were significant in CPD delicacy at (28.47±3.17%). The mineral composition showed low Na + level, while Ca 2+ concentration was also low in CPD and FGD. Phosphorus and Mg +2 were high in FGD. The FGD-fed rats had a low biological value (%) (1.38±0.01%) compared to CPD (2.29±0.01) and reference (casein) group (3.02±0.01). The reference group consumed the highest amount of food -97.06±14.70 g, followed by the basal group (88.98±10.61, with CPD having (76.46±18.78) and FGD (48.27±18.27), respectively. There were no differences in the body weight, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, net protein retention, true digestibility, fecal and carcass protein levels in all the test groups. Findings indicate that nutrients from these wild vegetable delicacies may have good quality and could meet the nutritional needs of the consumer if utilize as per the standard.
Study areas include cell biology, genomics, microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, biochemi... more Study areas include cell biology, genomics, microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, immunogenetics, cell and tissue culture, molecular ecology, genetic engineering and biological engineering, bioremediation and biodegradation, bioinformatics, biotechnology regulations, gene therapy, organismal biology, microbial and environmental biotechnology, marine sciences. The JJBS welcomes the submission of manuscript that meets the general criteria of significance and academic excellence. All articles published in JJBS are peerreviewed. Papers will be published approximately one to two months after acceptance.
The need to establish a broad base environmental monitoring and toxicological assessment of conta... more The need to establish a broad base environmental monitoring and toxicological assessment of contaminants on water resources and public health gave rise to this investigation. Environmental contaminants monitoring is one of the key issues in understanding and managing hazards to human health and ecosystems. In many ways our modern day 'pollution wonder-environment' has turned into a contamination nightmare, and few examples are more startling than those caused by pathogens and other associated microorganisms. In this study, River water resources of Qua-Iboe River in Eket Community of Akwa Ibom State, was analysed. The analysed include biochemical, physicochemical and bacteriological quality. The results revealed that pH ranged from 4.66 to 7.51 with mean temperature 18 to 23 °C. Other physicochemical parameters including, biochemical oxygen demand, microbial characterization values exceeded the recommended level for surface water quality. Results of Bacteriological analyses such as total heterotrophic count, total coliform and thermo tolerant coliform counts revealed high degree of faecal pollution of the River. The microorganisms, Serratia liquefaciens, Proteus vulgaris, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were detected. It's inferred that the Qua-Iboe River is polluted, bacteriologically contaminated and unsafe for human and animal consumption.
Oil-in-water emulsion was produced from the oil extracted from fluted pumpkin seeds, the extracti... more Oil-in-water emulsion was produced from the oil extracted from fluted pumpkin seeds, the extraction were carried out using two different solvent systems such as normal hexane and petroleum ether separately. Production of oil in water emulsion was also carried out with olive oil as reference standard. The physical and chemical properties of emulsions were determined after extraction of the oil and production of emulsions. The relative density of the emulsion showed that the petroleum ether emulsion were denser 0.93880kg/m3 compare n-hexane emulsion 0.93328kg/m3 and olive oil emulsion 0.93582kg/m3 respectively. The viscosity values of the emulsion, 1.90v was for olive oil emulsion; whilst 1.8v and 1.8v are for n-hexane extracts emulsion and petroleum ether emulsion respectively. The chemical characterization of the emulsions showed acid values of n-hexane emulsion (0.32±0.02mgKOH/g) and petroleum ether emulsion (0.32±0.01 mgKOH/g) respectively. The iodine values of the emulsion, 60.15±0.02 mgI2/g olive oil, n-hexane oil emulsion 73.18±0.02 mgI2/g and petroleum ether oil emulsion 72.81±0.13 mgI2/g respectively. Petroleum ether emulsion 140.4+ 0.20mgKOH/g, which was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to emulsion extracted with n-hexane 148.1± 2.01mgKOH/g Saponification values. Peroxide value of emulsion extracted with n-hexane 0.22+0.02mEq/kg, peroxide value of emulsion extracted with petroleum ether 0.22+0.15mEq/kg and this was not significant (p<0.05). This low peroxide values, were observed to be non-significant at 95% confidence interval. This result suggests that emulsions produced from olive oil had microbial load or contamination 6.67x104 cell/ml, while microbial contamination of 2.67x105 cells/ml was detected for N-hexane and pet ether emulsion.
Six years after oil spill occur in Qua Ibeo river, environmental monitoring was set out to invest... more Six years after oil spill occur in Qua Ibeo river, environmental monitoring was set out to investigate residual petroleum compounds (PHCs) that are bio-accumulated by fish. Bio-concentration of residual Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish tissues was determined in six fresh fish species. Twelve water samples were collected from Qua Ibeo river 1 KM apart. The screening was conducted using Agilent gas chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. Results revealed 17 PAHs accumulated at variable concentrations. Bio-concentration factor and free PAHs in water was calculated by finding the ratio of PAHs concentration in fish tissue to water free PAHs concentration. The contaminant body load was extrapolated by summation of individual PAHs concentration. Results shows African Red snipper (Lutjanus agennes) 20.822±0.6132 with body load as the highest, Yellow tail (Seriola lalandi) 13.111±1.247, Atlantic Crocker (Micropogonias undulates) 9.8439±6.569, Tilpia (Oreochromis niloticus) 9.7790±12.305, Cat Fish (Clarias gariepinus) 7.298±4.529 and Barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) 6.853±7.937 respectively. The percentage PAHs concentration in samples was also determined, for instance, African red snapper have 10.9%
Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology, 2015
In this research, we perceived that some approaches adopted by environmentalist and researchers t... more In this research, we perceived that some approaches adopted by environmentalist and researchers to remediate crude oil contaminated soil, by using microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergilus nigar and Azotobacter have obvious drawback. Thus we set out to adopt synergistic application of earthworms and brewery mash as consortiums for cleaning-up crude oil contaminated soil. The result gave significant reduction of contaminants in the soil. The efficiency of this approach arose due to considerable biological influence of earthworms in the soil by burrowing, feeding on the brewery mash, promoting aeration and facilitating rapid oxidation of the contaminants. The brewery mash was introduced as nutritional additive that would supplement for the depleted nitrogen and phosphorus, to facilitate associated feeding regimes. Wherein the brewery mash serve as carbon source to the earthworms. The results suggest that the co-application of Nsukkadrilus mbae and brewery mash promoted the reduction of both recalcitrant TPH and PAHs crude oil-contaminated soil. It equally showed that by increasing the number of earthworms, will further enhanced loss of contaminants. Considering the relative availability and affordability of earthworms and brewery mash, this approach is unarguably economical. Field application of earthworms and brewery mash for bioremediation would require careful consideration in matching earthworm treatment approach with appropriate earthworm species. Thus, earthworms enhance oil degradation via oxidation processes due to the aeration resulting from burrowing activities, increased microbial availability of hydrocarbons due to bioturbation and facilitate microbial activities. The observed increase in respiration rate by microorganisms indicates that earthworms and brewery mash have positive influence on microbial activities. In general, if given longer time, the synergistic application/activities of earthworm and brewery mash contaminants clean-up would be absolute, beneficial and economic approach to bio-remediate dissolvable and recalcitrant contaminated hydrocarbons in polluted soil.
Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health, 2017
Various concentrations of lead (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) were prepared by dissolving 1 g, 1.5 g,... more Various concentrations of lead (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) were prepared by dissolving 1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g and 3 g of the salt in deionized water and making up to volume to100ml. Soil samples were prepared and allowed to equilibrate with the different concentrations of the salt samples. After equilibration, earthworm species which had been acclimatized to the in-situ environment were introduced the equilibrated soil samples. The earthworms were allowed to stay between 3-5 days in the soil samples. They were harvested and the lead (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) content of the earthworm samples. The result showed that the earthworms possessed the ability to bioaccumulate the salt samples and the statistical analysis showed increase in bioaccumulation with increase in the salt content.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained from palm wine and used for the extraction of peroxidase. P... more Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained from palm wine and used for the extraction of peroxidase. Peroxidase isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was partially purified and characterized. A twelve-day pilot study was carried out which gave the highest activity on day eight. The crude enzyme-specific activity-0.751 U/ mg with 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation of peroxidase was achieved. Peroxidase was partially purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, following gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Two peaks connoted as fractions (A & B) on the elution profile of the gel filtration were obtained. The optimum operational conditions for peroxidase-substrate reactions were evaluated. A combined purification fold for both fractions yielded 0.657 with specific activity-0.494 U/ mg. A purification fold of 2.470 with specific activity-1.855 U/mg was obtained for fraction A, while 2.269 fold with specific activity-1.704 U/mg was for fraction B. The optimum pH and temperature were 6.5 and 30 °C for fraction A and 6.0 and 40 °C for fraction B. The peroxidase activity was stable at a pH range of 5.5-7.0 and below 40 °C. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K m) for o-dianisidine and hydrogen peroxide were 0.2 mM, 0.1111 mM, and 0.0833 mM, 0.1428 mM for fractions A and B. The maximum velocity (V max) for o-dianisidine and hydrogen peroxide were 10 U/min, 7.1428 U/min, and 8.333 U/min, 9.0909 U/min for fraction A and B. considering these characteristics of peroxidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it helps to understand how yeast cells operate during fermentation.
The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The... more The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The spills from spend engine oil posed serious problems to the land and aquatic habitats. Efficient methods but low-cost technique for remediating spends engine oil contaminated soil and restorations of soil fertility are being explored. In response to used engine oil pollution to the soil, the present investigation examined the comparative biodegradation level of spend engine oil contaminated soil using fermented chicken droppings. The soil sample was collected from the uncontaminated site 10 cm below ground level. The sandy/loam soil was sieved with 2.5 mm mesh. A 4 kg of the soil was weighed into each bucket and contaminated with spend engine oil, the soil was contaminated with 150 ml of the spend engine oil at a ratio of 1:27. A 27 kg of chicken droppings was mixed with 27 liters of water in a ratio of 1 kg: 1L. The mixture was left for 7days to ferment and increase the microbial load. ...
Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, Jan 17, 2020
The inhibitive action of (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-... more The inhibitive action of (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid (Levaquin) on API 5L X-52 steel in 2 M HCl solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization method and quantum chemical study. Levaquin drug showed good inhibition efficiency of 88 and 95 % at 303 and 323 K, respectively. The results of experimental measurements revealed that Levaquin drug works as a mixed type inhibitor. Langmuir thermodynamic model was tested to describe the mode of inhibitor adsorption on the steel surface. The quantum chemical calculations confirmed the efficacy of Levaquin drug as a corrosion inhibitor.
The cases of metabolic disorder and diseases have been linked to the toxicity of heavy metals in ... more The cases of metabolic disorder and diseases have been linked to the toxicity of heavy metals in foods crops. This study evaluates the degree of heavy metals in selected fruits sold at Umuahia market in Nigeria. Ten different fruits were randomly selected. The fresh fruits comprised Solanum lycopersicum (Tomatoes), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber), Solanum melongena (Nigerian Egggarden), Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon), Dacryodes edulis (African bush pear), Juglans regia (Walnut), Syzgium malaccense (Mountain apple), Annona muricata (Soursop), Pachycarpa kschum (Monkey kola), and Dennettia tripetala (Pepper fruit), respectively. These fruits were slices to pieces and air dried; they were ground and digested. The heavy metals were screened with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Their health risk assessment was analyzed based on established models. Results showed that zinc and lead were undetected in fruits such as C.
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2016
This investigation was carried out in four different locations mapped out along the river bank. T... more This investigation was carried out in four different locations mapped out along the river bank. Twelve water samples were collected and six different fresh fish species that are frequently consumed were caught. They include: African red snapper (Lutjanus agennes), Yellow tail (Seriola lalandi), Barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), Atlantic Croker (Micropogonias undulates), Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Samples were subjected to screening using gas chromatography and flame ionization detector instrument. Results revealed presence of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminant in all the fish samples and varies with species significantly at p >0.05. The profound TPH compound is Nonane with molecular formula C 9 H 20. 9 x 10-9 mg/l was adapted as Nonane concentration in water samples. Nonane concentration in fish samples showed African red snapper 3.9565±4.64648mg/l, Yellow tail 8.7243±2.15546 mg/l, Barracuda 6.2555±0.48889 mg/l, Atlantic Croker 9.3866±0.42208 mg/l, Catfish 4.1973±1.52959mg/l and Tilapia 6.0039±0.96487mg/l respectively. The bioaccumulation factor varies in fish species, where the Yellow tail have higher bioaccumulation factor 969,369061, followed by
American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mar 1, 2017
This research investigated the modulatory effect of methanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leav... more This research investigated the modulatory effect of methanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves on peroxidation indices of CCl 4induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty rats of average weight 150g divided into six groups of 5 rats each were used for the study. Group one (control) received water and paraffin for ten days. Group two (treatment control) received water only, group 3 (standard control), received a 100 mg/kg b.w of ascorbic acid, groups 4, 5 and 6 received 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.w of Bryophyllum pinnatum extract, respectively. Hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl 4 administration in groups 2 to 6 on the 7 th and 8 th days. There was significant increase in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-significant decreases in total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in the extract treated groups (4-6) compared to group two (CCl 4 untreated). There was a significant increase in the level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the extract treated groups (4-6) compared to group one. Animals in groups 4-6 showed a significant decrease in MDA concentration compared to that of group one. Report from this study shows that Bryophyllum pinnatum extract has modulatory effect on the lipid profile of Wistar rats intoxicated with CCL 4 .
This study examined the dietary outcome of Alstonia boonei stem bark. A. boonei stem bark was ext... more This study examined the dietary outcome of Alstonia boonei stem bark. A. boonei stem bark was extracted with ethanol after air-drying and grinding. Hematological indices of Wistar albino rats were impacted with carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4). Eighteen male albino mice were used to check acute toxicity of the extract while 30 albino rats were used to examine the hematological functions-Packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, total white blood cell (WBC) count, total red blood cell (RBC) count and platelet count. The rats were separated into six sets of five rats each. Set-1 stands for normal control, and 2 ml/kg body weight of distilled water was given to them. Set-2 to 6 rats were induced with CCl 4, though set-2 was untreated, it represents negative control while set-3 was treated with Silymarin drug and represents positive control. Set-4 to 6 rats were given 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg body weight of A. boonei extract for 14 days. The acute toxicity study of A. boonei extract showed greater safeties as no death was recorded after 24 h. After giving classified doses of A. boonei extract, a non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in albumin concentration was observed which proposes no toxic effect, an indication that the extract may have protective properties for hepatocytes. It was warned that the extract may be toxic to bile function since there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in total bilirubin for all the sets that were given A. boonei stem bark extract. The no significant (p > 0.05) decrease in PCV count, also suggests a marked loss of red blood cells. The no significant (p > 0.05) increase in hemoglobin concentration recommended that a low concentration of the extract was not toxic to hemoglobin concentration. The non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in WBC and RBC count in rats-given a low dose of A. boonei extract show that at low concentration, the extract may exercise antibody effect. The non-significant (p > 0.05) decrease in platelet concentration in all the sets given A. boonei extract compared to the normal control (set-1) might offer homeostatic properties or decreased platelet production due to A. boonei stem bark extract. The findings advocate that A. boonei stem bark if consumed, may protect hepatic cells due to its potentials against assault from intoxicants.
The quest to improving the nutritional quality of a growing population is critical. Nutritional q... more The quest to improving the nutritional quality of a growing population is critical. Nutritional quality is lacking in terms of which vegetable will yield the desired nutrient. This research investigates the nutritional quality of some wild edible vegetables and their effect on rats. Two different delicacies were prepared with two novel vegetables -Adenia cissampeloides (ACD) and Arthropteris Palisoti (APD) plants. The mineral and vitamin profiles in these vegetables were determined using standard methods. Twenty four weanling rats with weight ranging from -43.99 to 81.49 g, were randomly designated into four groups (n = 6). Two groups of the experimental rats were fed with the formulated experimental diets, while the other two groups were fed with protein-free (casein) and basal diets. Carbohydrate, protein, vitamins C and E were significant at p < 0.05 in the two wild vegetables; the mineral composition showed significance at p < 0.05 for delicacies with low Na + content while Ca 2+ concentration was significantly high in ACD and APD. Mg 2+ was high in ACD while Phosphorus concentration was high in APD. The ACD-fed rats had a higher value (2.37 ± 0.01 %) compared to APD (2.18 ± 0.01). The reference group consumed more food (97.06 ± 14.70 g) followed by the basal group (88.98 ± 10.61), ACD (43.89 ± 14.34), and APD (42.02 ± 7.98), respectively. There was no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed in the body weight changes, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, net protein retention, true digestibility, fecal and carcass protein levels in all the groups. Findings suggest that nutrients in these vegetables are of good quality to benefit the user hence it is recommended in routine diet preparations.
In women, testosterone is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and fat cells. Women may produ... more In women, testosterone is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and fat cells. Women may produce much or little of testosterone. Excess Testosterones and deficiencies are among the common hormonal disorders in women. Testosterone in women plays a role in the hormonal cascade that kick-starts puberty and stimulates hair growth. In adult women, testosterone is necessary for estrogen synthesis and have played a key role in the prevention of bone loss, sexual desire, and satisfaction. Testosterone can affect the breast and it is well implicated in testosterone therapy for women. The need to bring about shreds of evidence linking specific human health effect due to testosterone imbalance in women for the assessment of reproduction insufficiency was the purpose of this investigation. Results from clinical observations and epidemiological studies implicate testosterone imbalance as a significant treatment of public health. A total of 186 women of Eket Community in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, were purposively and disproportionately selected, using simplified sample size formula. Blood serums were prepared using the blood obtained from donors. The in vitro assay of the testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin was achieved using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The ratio of sex hormone binding globulin to testosterone was calculated and free testosterone was obtained. The in vitro hormonal quantification showed that 38 (20%) of women had testosterone level above the reference range -4.42-32.02 ng/ml/mmol/L, while 148 (80%) had low testosterone level. This showed that a fraction of women in Eket community with high levels of a form of testosterone called "free" testosterone may have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by irregular or absent of menstrual periods, infertility, blood sugar disorders (pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes), and, in some cases, symptoms such as acne and excess hair growth may set in.
According to the Nigerian National Population Commission 2006, the population of the nation was c... more According to the Nigerian National Population Commission 2006, the population of the nation was conservatively estimated to be over one hundred and seventy million. The challenge of nutritional quality to feed an increasing national population places a higher demand on poorly grown conventional plants. Thus the need to incorporate wild edible plants to bridge the extended gap between the conventional vegetable and the wild indigenous edible plants informs this research. The daily intake of vitamins and minerals are obtained from vegetables. Wild edible plants serve as food and medicine. In this study, the delicacies were prepared from two novel wild edible vegetables -Ceiba Pentandra (CPD) and Ficus glumosa (FGD). They were evaluated for nutritional quality. Their minerals and vitamins content were determined using standard methods. These delicacies were fortified with a diet of experimental rats. Twenty four (24) albino rats weighing 43.99 -81.49 g were randomly arranged into six groups (n = 6) of six rats per group. Two groups were fed with the formulated experimental diets, while the other two were fed with protein-free (casein) and basal diets. Vitamins C and E, carbohydrate and protein were significant in CPD delicacy at (28.47±3.17%). The mineral composition showed low Na + level, while Ca 2+ concentration was also low in CPD and FGD. Phosphorus and Mg +2 were high in FGD. The FGD-fed rats had a low biological value (%) (1.38±0.01%) compared to CPD (2.29±0.01) and reference (casein) group (3.02±0.01). The reference group consumed the highest amount of food -97.06±14.70 g, followed by the basal group (88.98±10.61, with CPD having (76.46±18.78) and FGD (48.27±18.27), respectively. There were no differences in the body weight, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, net protein retention, true digestibility, fecal and carcass protein levels in all the test groups. Findings indicate that nutrients from these wild vegetable delicacies may have good quality and could meet the nutritional needs of the consumer if utilize as per the standard.
Study areas include cell biology, genomics, microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, biochemi... more Study areas include cell biology, genomics, microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, immunogenetics, cell and tissue culture, molecular ecology, genetic engineering and biological engineering, bioremediation and biodegradation, bioinformatics, biotechnology regulations, gene therapy, organismal biology, microbial and environmental biotechnology, marine sciences. The JJBS welcomes the submission of manuscript that meets the general criteria of significance and academic excellence. All articles published in JJBS are peerreviewed. Papers will be published approximately one to two months after acceptance.
The need to establish a broad base environmental monitoring and toxicological assessment of conta... more The need to establish a broad base environmental monitoring and toxicological assessment of contaminants on water resources and public health gave rise to this investigation. Environmental contaminants monitoring is one of the key issues in understanding and managing hazards to human health and ecosystems. In many ways our modern day 'pollution wonder-environment' has turned into a contamination nightmare, and few examples are more startling than those caused by pathogens and other associated microorganisms. In this study, River water resources of Qua-Iboe River in Eket Community of Akwa Ibom State, was analysed. The analysed include biochemical, physicochemical and bacteriological quality. The results revealed that pH ranged from 4.66 to 7.51 with mean temperature 18 to 23 °C. Other physicochemical parameters including, biochemical oxygen demand, microbial characterization values exceeded the recommended level for surface water quality. Results of Bacteriological analyses such as total heterotrophic count, total coliform and thermo tolerant coliform counts revealed high degree of faecal pollution of the River. The microorganisms, Serratia liquefaciens, Proteus vulgaris, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were detected. It's inferred that the Qua-Iboe River is polluted, bacteriologically contaminated and unsafe for human and animal consumption.
Oil-in-water emulsion was produced from the oil extracted from fluted pumpkin seeds, the extracti... more Oil-in-water emulsion was produced from the oil extracted from fluted pumpkin seeds, the extraction were carried out using two different solvent systems such as normal hexane and petroleum ether separately. Production of oil in water emulsion was also carried out with olive oil as reference standard. The physical and chemical properties of emulsions were determined after extraction of the oil and production of emulsions. The relative density of the emulsion showed that the petroleum ether emulsion were denser 0.93880kg/m3 compare n-hexane emulsion 0.93328kg/m3 and olive oil emulsion 0.93582kg/m3 respectively. The viscosity values of the emulsion, 1.90v was for olive oil emulsion; whilst 1.8v and 1.8v are for n-hexane extracts emulsion and petroleum ether emulsion respectively. The chemical characterization of the emulsions showed acid values of n-hexane emulsion (0.32±0.02mgKOH/g) and petroleum ether emulsion (0.32±0.01 mgKOH/g) respectively. The iodine values of the emulsion, 60.15±0.02 mgI2/g olive oil, n-hexane oil emulsion 73.18±0.02 mgI2/g and petroleum ether oil emulsion 72.81±0.13 mgI2/g respectively. Petroleum ether emulsion 140.4+ 0.20mgKOH/g, which was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to emulsion extracted with n-hexane 148.1± 2.01mgKOH/g Saponification values. Peroxide value of emulsion extracted with n-hexane 0.22+0.02mEq/kg, peroxide value of emulsion extracted with petroleum ether 0.22+0.15mEq/kg and this was not significant (p<0.05). This low peroxide values, were observed to be non-significant at 95% confidence interval. This result suggests that emulsions produced from olive oil had microbial load or contamination 6.67x104 cell/ml, while microbial contamination of 2.67x105 cells/ml was detected for N-hexane and pet ether emulsion.
Six years after oil spill occur in Qua Ibeo river, environmental monitoring was set out to invest... more Six years after oil spill occur in Qua Ibeo river, environmental monitoring was set out to investigate residual petroleum compounds (PHCs) that are bio-accumulated by fish. Bio-concentration of residual Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish tissues was determined in six fresh fish species. Twelve water samples were collected from Qua Ibeo river 1 KM apart. The screening was conducted using Agilent gas chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. Results revealed 17 PAHs accumulated at variable concentrations. Bio-concentration factor and free PAHs in water was calculated by finding the ratio of PAHs concentration in fish tissue to water free PAHs concentration. The contaminant body load was extrapolated by summation of individual PAHs concentration. Results shows African Red snipper (Lutjanus agennes) 20.822±0.6132 with body load as the highest, Yellow tail (Seriola lalandi) 13.111±1.247, Atlantic Crocker (Micropogonias undulates) 9.8439±6.569, Tilpia (Oreochromis niloticus) 9.7790±12.305, Cat Fish (Clarias gariepinus) 7.298±4.529 and Barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) 6.853±7.937 respectively. The percentage PAHs concentration in samples was also determined, for instance, African red snapper have 10.9%
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