Papers by Muhammad Farhan
Abstract-Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) [1, 2], which is an on-demand routing protocol, becomes the... more Abstract-Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) [1, 2], which is an on-demand routing protocol, becomes the most popular source routing protocol for MANET. Each mobile node is required to maintain route caches that contain the source routes of which the mobile is aware. Although DSR ...
PLOS One, 2012
Cough airflow dynamics have been previously studied using a variety of experimental methods. In t... more Cough airflow dynamics have been previously studied using a variety of experimental methods. In this study, real-time, noninvasive shadowgraph imaging was applied to obtain additional analyses of cough airflows produced by healthy volunteers. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, mean age 32.2612.9 years; 10 men, mean age 25.362.5 years) were asked to cough freely, then into their sleeves (as per current US CDC recommendations) in this study to analyze cough airflow dynamics. For the 10 females (cases 1-10), their maximum detectable cough propagation distances ranged from 0.16-0.55 m, with maximum derived velocities of 2.2-5.0 m/s, and their maximum detectable 2-D projected areas ranged from 0.010-0.11 m 2 , with maximum derived expansion rates of 0.15-0.55 m 2 /s. For the 10 males (cases 11-20), their maximum detectable cough propagation distances ranged from 0.31-0.64 m, with maximum derived velocities of 3.2-14 m/s, and their maximum detectable 2-D projected areas ranged from 0.04-0.14 m 2 , with maximum derived expansion rates of 0.25-1.4 m 2 /s. These peak velocities were measured when the visibility of the exhaled airflows was optimal and compare favorably with those reported previously using other methods, and may be seen as a validation of these previous approaches in a more natural setting. However, the propagation distances can only represent a lower limit due to the inability of the shadowgraph method to visualize these cough airflows once their temperature cools to that of the ambient air, which is an important limitation of this methodology. The qualitative high-speed video footage of these volunteers coughing into their sleeves demonstrates that although this method rarely completely blocks the cough airflow, it decelerates, splits and redirects the airflow, eventually reducing its propagation. The effectiveness of this intervention depends on optimum positioning of the arm over the nose and mouth during coughing, though unsightly stains on sleeves may make it unacceptable to some.
Spyware is one of the biggest emerging threats that can target both home users and organisations ... more Spyware is one of the biggest emerging threats that can target both home users and organisations simultaneously. Lots of Anti-Spyware products are available in the market which can protect from Spyware threat. Existing research shows that Spyware causes financial loss and efforts are being made to test Spyware to propose the best Anti-Spyware products to the end users. This research focuses on different aspects of Anti-Spyware testing that the test should be conducted in real life environment in which the users operate. Anti-Spyware programs are selected by carefully researching through existing test result s conducted by different internet security companies. The products are evaluated and tested to propose the suitable products to the end users. Some recommendations are also proposed on the basis of this research to help end user to increase their Spyware security.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010
Note to users: The section "Articles in Press" contains peer reviewed a... more Note to users: The section "Articles in Press" contains peer reviewed accepted articles to be published in this journal. When the final article is assigned to an issue of the journal, the "Article in Press" version will be removed from this section and will appear in the associated ...
AbstractGermanium dioxide nanowires have been synthesized on gold-coated silicon substrate in th... more AbstractGermanium dioxide nanowires have been synthesized on gold-coated silicon substrate in the temperature range 400-500 ºC utilizing a simple quartz tube furnace setup. The source vapor of germanium oxide was formed by thermal evaporation of metallic germanium in ...
This study evaluated 100 raw milk samples for bacterial contamination. Milk samples were collecte... more This study evaluated 100 raw milk samples for bacterial contamination. Milk samples were collected from 10 main regions of District Lahore and tested for total plate count (TPC), total coliforms and faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacilli and Salmonella. The bacterial counts (cfu mL -1 ) were 2.
Dispersive clays have been identified as soils which highly erosive because they have a higher pe... more Dispersive clays have been identified as soils which highly erosive because they have a higher percentage of dissolve sodium in their pore water than ordinary clays. The dominant sodium ions increase the thickness of the diffused double water layer surrounding the individual clay particles. This causes the repulsive forces to exceed the attractive forces so that the individual clay particles go into suspension in the presence of water. Their detrimental effect on the performance of dams, canals has been recognized. Piping in earth dams which lead to the failure of dams due to the presence of dispersive clays has been identified in Australia, United States, South Africa and many countries throughout the world. This research presented the tests using various available methods to identify the degree of dispersive of embankment material for Duriangkang dam, the first estuary dam in Indonesia. Analyses to the results were also discussed. The decision not to include the suspected dispersive and moderate dispersive clays in the embankment of Duriangkang dam was taken in order to minimize the risk of eroded and piping progress in the dam body.
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Papers by Muhammad Farhan