Papers by Ahmadjokopamungkas Dzulkarnain
partisipasi komunitas, 2020
Introduction • Development intervention approaches in INDIA over the past 60 years have been very... more Introduction • Development intervention approaches in INDIA over the past 60 years have been very much a 'supply oriented one way traffic'. • The limitations of the approaches which we had been following include: • A top down approach • Target oriented • Non involvement of the people • Vertically controlled sectoral approach without any horizontal coordination at the micro level. • The dominant development thinking oriented towards greater inputs (supply) than what people demanded. • Near total absence of self confidence and even self respect. • Lack of appreciation and promotion of indigenous technical knowledge and resources. • The ever growing recipient attitude.
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Papers by Ahmadjokopamungkas Dzulkarnain