The entity's development is strongly connected to the financial equilibrium which represents ... more The entity's development is strongly connected to the financial equilibrium which represents a part of entity's economic equilibrium. The financial equilibrium is expressed by the equality and correlations between the necessity of resources and the possibilities of collecting these resources. This equilibrium is established by the modality using the entity's patrimony. In this paper we presented the modalities of financial equilibrium with the financing ratios.
In this paper the authors present the results of a study on liquidity in Romanian companies. Rese... more In this paper the authors present the results of a study on liquidity in Romanian companies. Research was conducted on 900 businesses and concerned trade, services and productive activity. Also the research undertaken were identified intervals of liquidity, financial security all sectors of the economy, supported by funding banks.
The study investigates the transition process and core principles of a green economy. At a global... more The study investigates the transition process and core principles of a green economy. At a global level, green growth represents the essence of a green economy. In this context, the process of restructuring the market economy and transitioning toward a green economy implies continuous efforts and interdependence since it cannot be achieved in isolation. The model of restructuring economic activities to the specificity of a green economy addresses the interdependent pillars of sustainable development: environmental concerns; renewable energy; low carbon levels. Nevertheless, the green economy model that is applied to advanced economies cannot be implemented to low-income economies because of development gaps. Moreover, emerging economies also have other goals and priorities that demand changes into the green economy model of advanced economies.
The present book chapter firstly tackles general characteristics and key concepts of business eth... more The present book chapter firstly tackles general characteristics and key concepts of business ethics, defined as the theory of right conduct in the business environment. Business ethics is also scrutinized within the dynamics of the tax game between contributors and tax authorities, where only tax compliance may be qualified as genuine ethical behavior. As it unravels, the book chapter focuses on the ethical precepts guiding institutions and businesses that activate within the public and private economic sectors in Romania. Namely, it discusses the ethics codes of professional accountants, fiscal civil servants and banking sector employees, all categories being expected to act following common precepts like confidentiality, integrity, transparency, nondiscrimination and professionalism. Besides theoretical considerations on the Romanian business ethics guidelines, the chapter includes a brief literature review of the studies performed by academic researchers and international organi...
Bank risk is a reflection of the probability that during the course of activities involving the c... more Bank risk is a reflection of the probability that during the course of activities involving the credit institution would have adverse effects on its effects may take the form of diminishing profits, loss occurrence, failures in the banking or credit institution bankruptcy. In the paper the authors show how risk measurement in 12 banks in Romania using a system linked to financial ratios.
... World, Izmir, 2008 167 Statistic Study of Banking Efficiency Ratios Ioan Batrancea Babes-Boly... more ... World, Izmir, 2008 167 Statistic Study of Banking Efficiency Ratios Ioan Batrancea Babes-Bolyai University, Romania Larissa Batrancea Babes ... Hill Companies, Inc., New York, 1997 Needles BE Jr., Anderson HR, Caldwell JC, Principles of Accounting, Houghton Mifflin Company ...
The study investigated the impact of factors such as non-performing loans, CO2 emissions, bank cr... more The study investigated the impact of factors such as non-performing loans, CO2 emissions, bank credit, and inflation on the variable sustainable economic growth for India, Brazil, and Romania during the period 2005–2017, through a panel data analysis. Specifically, we investigated the timeline before, during, and after economic turmoil, with a special focus on the global financial crisis. Our empirical results are valuable for both developing and developed nations. As a first result, we showed that CO2 emissions increased the level of economic growth, but in this context, authorities should design suitable policies to limit its impact on the overall society. In addition, a single supervision mechanism increased the level of sustainable economic growth. Last but not the least, the period during and after the global financial crisis, sustainable economic growth decreased under the influence of bank credit, inflation, and non-performing loans. Within this framework, public authorities ...
Each country designs its own scheme to achieve green financing and, in general, credit is conside... more Each country designs its own scheme to achieve green financing and, in general, credit is considered to be a fundamental source of greening financial systems. The novelty of this study resides in that we examined green financing initiatives in USA, Canada and Brazil by focusing on major components of the financial systems before, during and after the 2008 world financial crisis. By means of panel data analysis conducted on observations ranging across the period 1970–2018, we investigated variables such as domestic credit from banks, domestic credit from the financial sector, GDP, N2O emissions, CO2 emissions and the value added from agriculture, forest and fishing activities. According to our findings, domestic credit from banks was insufficient to achieve green financing. Namely, in order to increase economic growth while reducing global warming and climate change, the financial sector should assume a bigger role in funding green investments. Moreover, our results showed that domes...
There are two types of processes involved while making a decision: a controlled process, which is... more There are two types of processes involved while making a decision: a controlled process, which is rational, with introspective access and an automatic one, which is called experiential or decision by expertise. Both processes depend on the use of information and are influenced by social affective factors. The present study aims to identify the differences between decision behaviour adopted by managers in Brazil and Romania, when making decisions related to budget level estimation. The study is quantitative and the data were collected via a ten-point scale questionnaire on Brazilian and Romanian samples comprised of MBA students. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling estimated by means of the PLS methodology. Our results show that information search and social-affective factors influence both rational decision and decision by expertise in Brazil and Romania, however, in distinct degrees. Distinctions could arise based on cultural differences between Brazilian and Romanian decision-makers.
In the present study, we analyzed the financial equilibrium factors that have a major impact on S... more In the present study, we analyzed the financial equilibrium factors that have a major impact on SME financial performance, as this performance is considered to have played a pivotal role in Romania's recovery from the economic crisis. Thus, we built econometric models based on return on assets and return on sales in five economic sectors, i.e., pharmaceuticals, furniture manufacturing, leather garment factories, software firms and textile factories. We show how the enterprises' performance was influenced by the independent variables of the equilibrium: fixed assets, current assets, inventory, receivables, equity and liabilities. The results indicate that return on assets is influenced by the current assets ratio and the inventory ratio in all models, as well as by the equity-to-total liabilities ratio in 80% of the models. We also notice that assets ratios have the highest influence on performance evaluation, namely inventory ratio in all models and current assets ratio in 87.5% of the models. In addition, liabilities ratios influence performance as follows: equity-to-total liabilities ratio in 80% of the models and total debt-to-assets ratio in 35% of the models.
Global economic growth is based on increased consumption of electricity both from renewable resou... more Global economic growth is based on increased consumption of electricity both from renewable resources, such as water and wind and non-renewable resources, such as coal (lignite), natural gas or petroleum. Coal continues to represent an important energy source in the European Union, particularly in Germany, France and Spain, where it accounts for 15% of the primary energy, out of which 80% is used in electricity supply. The coal (lignite) mines from the Oltenia region contribute significantly to generating power in Romania. The study aims to show that an increase in production within the coal (lignite) mining industry can be determined by increasing direct and indirect costs or by increasing variable costs and profit. We also examine the non-linear relation between variable costs and production on the one hand and between profit and production on the other hand. Our results show that there is a concave relationship between variable costs and production, and also a concave relationship between profit and production, which indicate that Romanian coal enterprises have an optimal production level that maximises both variable costs and their profitability. In addition, a robustness check of our results confirms that variable costs and profitability decrease as they move away from their optimal level.
The financial equilibrium of the enterprise is an important company function ensuring by itself t... more The financial equilibrium of the enterprise is an important company function ensuring by itself the maintenance of the enterprise of the competitive market. The financial equilibrium is analysed in numerous empirical studies. In this empirical study we highlight for the first time in a research the impact that taxation has on the financial equilibrium of some companies over ten years, period that includes the pre-crisis, the financial crisis and post-crisis periods.
Handbook of Research on Public Finance in Europe and the MENA Region, 2000
The volatility of the global economic market and the fierce competition in attracting foreign inv... more The volatility of the global economic market and the fierce competition in attracting foreign investments have determined European and MENA authorities to reconsider interactions with taxpayers. Thus, benefitting from international assistance, authorities have started implementing tax strategies and models like cooperative compliance, horizontal monitoring, whistleblowing. This empirical investigation is grounded on the "slippery slope" framework that attempts to solve the "riddle of tax compliance" via trust in and power of authorities. The former is proxied by "Trust in national government" (Gallup World Poll), the latter by "Rule of law" (World Bank). The two-step cluster analysis run on 215 countries worldwide, including 35 from Europe, 12 from MENA, yielded four tax climates: trust and power high (T+P+), trust and power low (T-P-), trust high-power low (T+P-), trust low-power high (T-P+). While the majority of European countries are spread between T+P+ and T-P+, MENA countries generally belong to T-P-, demanding stability and efficiency in all major areas of the societies.
The entity's development is strongly connected to the financial equilibrium which represents ... more The entity's development is strongly connected to the financial equilibrium which represents a part of entity's economic equilibrium. The financial equilibrium is expressed by the equality and correlations between the necessity of resources and the possibilities of collecting these resources. This equilibrium is established by the modality using the entity's patrimony. In this paper we presented the modalities of financial equilibrium with the financing ratios.
In this paper the authors present the results of a study on liquidity in Romanian companies. Rese... more In this paper the authors present the results of a study on liquidity in Romanian companies. Research was conducted on 900 businesses and concerned trade, services and productive activity. Also the research undertaken were identified intervals of liquidity, financial security all sectors of the economy, supported by funding banks.
The study investigates the transition process and core principles of a green economy. At a global... more The study investigates the transition process and core principles of a green economy. At a global level, green growth represents the essence of a green economy. In this context, the process of restructuring the market economy and transitioning toward a green economy implies continuous efforts and interdependence since it cannot be achieved in isolation. The model of restructuring economic activities to the specificity of a green economy addresses the interdependent pillars of sustainable development: environmental concerns; renewable energy; low carbon levels. Nevertheless, the green economy model that is applied to advanced economies cannot be implemented to low-income economies because of development gaps. Moreover, emerging economies also have other goals and priorities that demand changes into the green economy model of advanced economies.
The present book chapter firstly tackles general characteristics and key concepts of business eth... more The present book chapter firstly tackles general characteristics and key concepts of business ethics, defined as the theory of right conduct in the business environment. Business ethics is also scrutinized within the dynamics of the tax game between contributors and tax authorities, where only tax compliance may be qualified as genuine ethical behavior. As it unravels, the book chapter focuses on the ethical precepts guiding institutions and businesses that activate within the public and private economic sectors in Romania. Namely, it discusses the ethics codes of professional accountants, fiscal civil servants and banking sector employees, all categories being expected to act following common precepts like confidentiality, integrity, transparency, nondiscrimination and professionalism. Besides theoretical considerations on the Romanian business ethics guidelines, the chapter includes a brief literature review of the studies performed by academic researchers and international organi...
Bank risk is a reflection of the probability that during the course of activities involving the c... more Bank risk is a reflection of the probability that during the course of activities involving the credit institution would have adverse effects on its effects may take the form of diminishing profits, loss occurrence, failures in the banking or credit institution bankruptcy. In the paper the authors show how risk measurement in 12 banks in Romania using a system linked to financial ratios.
... World, Izmir, 2008 167 Statistic Study of Banking Efficiency Ratios Ioan Batrancea Babes-Boly... more ... World, Izmir, 2008 167 Statistic Study of Banking Efficiency Ratios Ioan Batrancea Babes-Bolyai University, Romania Larissa Batrancea Babes ... Hill Companies, Inc., New York, 1997 Needles BE Jr., Anderson HR, Caldwell JC, Principles of Accounting, Houghton Mifflin Company ...
The study investigated the impact of factors such as non-performing loans, CO2 emissions, bank cr... more The study investigated the impact of factors such as non-performing loans, CO2 emissions, bank credit, and inflation on the variable sustainable economic growth for India, Brazil, and Romania during the period 2005–2017, through a panel data analysis. Specifically, we investigated the timeline before, during, and after economic turmoil, with a special focus on the global financial crisis. Our empirical results are valuable for both developing and developed nations. As a first result, we showed that CO2 emissions increased the level of economic growth, but in this context, authorities should design suitable policies to limit its impact on the overall society. In addition, a single supervision mechanism increased the level of sustainable economic growth. Last but not the least, the period during and after the global financial crisis, sustainable economic growth decreased under the influence of bank credit, inflation, and non-performing loans. Within this framework, public authorities ...
Each country designs its own scheme to achieve green financing and, in general, credit is conside... more Each country designs its own scheme to achieve green financing and, in general, credit is considered to be a fundamental source of greening financial systems. The novelty of this study resides in that we examined green financing initiatives in USA, Canada and Brazil by focusing on major components of the financial systems before, during and after the 2008 world financial crisis. By means of panel data analysis conducted on observations ranging across the period 1970–2018, we investigated variables such as domestic credit from banks, domestic credit from the financial sector, GDP, N2O emissions, CO2 emissions and the value added from agriculture, forest and fishing activities. According to our findings, domestic credit from banks was insufficient to achieve green financing. Namely, in order to increase economic growth while reducing global warming and climate change, the financial sector should assume a bigger role in funding green investments. Moreover, our results showed that domes...
There are two types of processes involved while making a decision: a controlled process, which is... more There are two types of processes involved while making a decision: a controlled process, which is rational, with introspective access and an automatic one, which is called experiential or decision by expertise. Both processes depend on the use of information and are influenced by social affective factors. The present study aims to identify the differences between decision behaviour adopted by managers in Brazil and Romania, when making decisions related to budget level estimation. The study is quantitative and the data were collected via a ten-point scale questionnaire on Brazilian and Romanian samples comprised of MBA students. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling estimated by means of the PLS methodology. Our results show that information search and social-affective factors influence both rational decision and decision by expertise in Brazil and Romania, however, in distinct degrees. Distinctions could arise based on cultural differences between Brazilian and Romanian decision-makers.
In the present study, we analyzed the financial equilibrium factors that have a major impact on S... more In the present study, we analyzed the financial equilibrium factors that have a major impact on SME financial performance, as this performance is considered to have played a pivotal role in Romania's recovery from the economic crisis. Thus, we built econometric models based on return on assets and return on sales in five economic sectors, i.e., pharmaceuticals, furniture manufacturing, leather garment factories, software firms and textile factories. We show how the enterprises' performance was influenced by the independent variables of the equilibrium: fixed assets, current assets, inventory, receivables, equity and liabilities. The results indicate that return on assets is influenced by the current assets ratio and the inventory ratio in all models, as well as by the equity-to-total liabilities ratio in 80% of the models. We also notice that assets ratios have the highest influence on performance evaluation, namely inventory ratio in all models and current assets ratio in 87.5% of the models. In addition, liabilities ratios influence performance as follows: equity-to-total liabilities ratio in 80% of the models and total debt-to-assets ratio in 35% of the models.
Global economic growth is based on increased consumption of electricity both from renewable resou... more Global economic growth is based on increased consumption of electricity both from renewable resources, such as water and wind and non-renewable resources, such as coal (lignite), natural gas or petroleum. Coal continues to represent an important energy source in the European Union, particularly in Germany, France and Spain, where it accounts for 15% of the primary energy, out of which 80% is used in electricity supply. The coal (lignite) mines from the Oltenia region contribute significantly to generating power in Romania. The study aims to show that an increase in production within the coal (lignite) mining industry can be determined by increasing direct and indirect costs or by increasing variable costs and profit. We also examine the non-linear relation between variable costs and production on the one hand and between profit and production on the other hand. Our results show that there is a concave relationship between variable costs and production, and also a concave relationship between profit and production, which indicate that Romanian coal enterprises have an optimal production level that maximises both variable costs and their profitability. In addition, a robustness check of our results confirms that variable costs and profitability decrease as they move away from their optimal level.
The financial equilibrium of the enterprise is an important company function ensuring by itself t... more The financial equilibrium of the enterprise is an important company function ensuring by itself the maintenance of the enterprise of the competitive market. The financial equilibrium is analysed in numerous empirical studies. In this empirical study we highlight for the first time in a research the impact that taxation has on the financial equilibrium of some companies over ten years, period that includes the pre-crisis, the financial crisis and post-crisis periods.
Handbook of Research on Public Finance in Europe and the MENA Region, 2000
The volatility of the global economic market and the fierce competition in attracting foreign inv... more The volatility of the global economic market and the fierce competition in attracting foreign investments have determined European and MENA authorities to reconsider interactions with taxpayers. Thus, benefitting from international assistance, authorities have started implementing tax strategies and models like cooperative compliance, horizontal monitoring, whistleblowing. This empirical investigation is grounded on the "slippery slope" framework that attempts to solve the "riddle of tax compliance" via trust in and power of authorities. The former is proxied by "Trust in national government" (Gallup World Poll), the latter by "Rule of law" (World Bank). The two-step cluster analysis run on 215 countries worldwide, including 35 from Europe, 12 from MENA, yielded four tax climates: trust and power high (T+P+), trust and power low (T-P-), trust high-power low (T+P-), trust low-power high (T-P+). While the majority of European countries are spread between T+P+ and T-P+, MENA countries generally belong to T-P-, demanding stability and efficiency in all major areas of the societies.
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