Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Nov 30, 2023
Researchers of police psychology must be well-acquainted with police work and culture both nation... more Researchers of police psychology must be well-acquainted with police work and culture both nationally and organizationally. However, most studies developed in police psychology do not fully account for the national context within which a study was done. In this article review, we discuss two social phenomena commonly studied by police psychologists: aggression and violence. Taking primarily a cross-national approach, we focus on the predictive role of individual values on aggression and violence. Schwartz's (1992) values theory, at the individual level of analysis, was chosen due to its importance to cross-cultural psychology, as well as its implications on well-being (e.g., Sagiv & Schwartz, 2000). We discuss how certain values may promote certain attitudes and behaviors (i.e., actions) and assert that human values affect aggression and violence. We review studies that have evidenced the relationship between values and aggression in the police context include suggestions on how to include values in a research agenda about violence and aggression. We discuss possible implications for increasing police officers' education and training, particularly reinforcing social values to guide actions. In order to foster change in aggressive and violent behaviors, it is imperative that police officers become aware of their own values. This must begin with the value of hierarchy, as well as tradition and conformity values. Finally, we pose discussion questions for researchers interested in investigating the interface between police and cross-cultural psychologies in the future, and for the use of educators to guide their in-class teaching.
This study examined the relationship between international and domestic students' demographic fac... more This study examined the relationship between international and domestic students' demographic factors on acculturation and sociocultural adaptation. It also examined the extent to which cultural values, uncertainty avoidance (UA) and power distance (PD), might explain two types of sociocultural adaptation: social interaction and localizing. A sample of 207 international and 173 domestic students from a northern California university completed a self-report survey. As expected, international students had higher sociocultural adaptation than U.S. students, but this difference did not vary by marital status or length of stay. Also, women who came from high UA and large PD countries (vs. low UA and high PD countries) had greater social interaction adaptation. These findings demonstrate that students' cultural backgrounds play an important role in their adaptation. This is an important finding as it signals that counselors in higher education institutes might need to collaborate with academic staff to help international students adjust. Female students from high UA and large PD countries may be especially in need of assistance to cope with sociocultural adaptation. Additional implications and future research needs are discussed.
International Journal of Stress Management, Feb 1, 2011
This is our first editorial together as co-editors of the Journal of Interactive Marketing (JIM) ... more This is our first editorial together as co-editors of the Journal of Interactive Marketing (JIM) and it is our distinct pleasure to provide this. At the outset, we want to thank the outgoing editor, John Deighton, for his invaluable contribution in transforming the erstwhile Journal of Direct Marketing to the broader, more vibrant Journal of Interactive Marketing as it exists today. John Deighton and Rashi Glazer's (the founding editors') vision for JIM and its implementation have enabled us to get this far. We are at an interesting moment in the history of interactive marketing. The world economy, driven primarily by developments in the United States, is trying to make a slow recovery from the dot-com bust, technology disenchantment, heightened privacy fears, and terrorism threats, among other impediments. These developments have important implications for interactive marketing. Many information technology firms may have failed, but Internet usage continues to grow and reshape interactive marketing. Direct mailing took a beating following the anthrax terror scare, but the turn of events has made direct marketers turn to more creative and efficient ways to market to their target customers. Direct and interactive marketers increasingly look toward leading edge ideas, theories, concepts, and practices in their field. The purpose of the Journal of Interactive Marketing is to fulfill these needs.
International Journal of Stress Management, May 1, 2005
This study examined the relationship between shift patterns and role stressors and strains, as we... more This study examined the relationship between shift patterns and role stressors and strains, as well as the extent to which situational variables and individual variables mediate the relationship between shift patterns and strains. Using survey data from 397 Israeli nurses, the author found that nurses working fixed day (vs. rotating) shifts reported less strains, but more stressors. Individual and situational
Aim(s). This two-wave study examines how transformational and laissez-faire leadership affect rol... more Aim(s). This two-wave study examines how transformational and laissez-faire leadership affect role overload and conflict and subsequent outcomes, including anxiety and intention to leave the organization. Background. In today’s healthcare sector, promoting health among employees is more relevant than ever. Health-promoting leadership styles, such as transformational leadership, can positively affect staff well-being, but research on laissez-faire leadership is particularly sparse, though it is believed to be detrimental. Past research suggests that leadership conditions work experiences and can exacerbate or mitigate role stressors that result in individual outcomes. Method(s). Questionnaires were administered to nurses in the USA (n = 208) and Spain (n = 220), with a five- and eight-week separation, respectively. Results. Transformational leadership has a negative and laissez-faire leadership has a positive relationship with adverse outcomes. Furthermore, role overload and conflict...
This series is a call to action for organizations to not only recognize but include, support, and... more This series is a call to action for organizations to not only recognize but include, support, and value employees of all walks of life, regardless of the social stigmas that might create material, affective, or psychological divisions between them and their ostensibly "normal" counterparts. It fills the gap in scholarship surrounding the difficult issues employees or job seekers might face based on their demographics, life events, or other factors. The series explores issues such as mental illness and wellness; and alcohol and drug addiction and recovery. It explores the complex and often times nuanced issues that face sexual minorities, or those who are formerly incarcerated, or military veterans in the context of employment or career decision making. Through rigorous research and contributions from the foremost scholars in human resources, books in the series will provide an indepth exploration of each population and challenge HR scholars and practitioners to effectively consider and embrace these explorations and consider expanding their own awareness. The series speaks on behalf of anyone who has ever been affected-directly or indirectly-by discrimination or exclusion in the context of work, and promotes a positive, productive, and purposeful working environment for employees at all levels.
International Journal of Police Science & Management
Brazilian police officers’ increasing levels of work anxiety and intention to leave the job are c... more Brazilian police officers’ increasing levels of work anxiety and intention to leave the job are consistent with other police forces around the world. Among the important variables that appear to be antecedents of these unwanted organizational outcomes are increasing role stressors associated with police work. We conjecture that how police officers appraise stressors would affect whether adverse outcomes prevail. Specifically, stressors appraised as challenges result in weaker adverse outcomes compared with stressors appraised as hindrances. We also anticipate that a boundary condition that might further attenuate adverse outcomes is having meaningfulness in life (MIL). Likewise, having low MIL can intensify the potential adverse outcomes of stressors appraised as hindrances. This study aims to investigate how role stressors appraised as either challenges or hindrances may influence anxiety and intention to leave among state police officers in the Brazilian Federal District (DF), as ...
For the first half century of industrial, work, and organizational psychology’s (IWOP’s) existenc... more For the first half century of industrial, work, and organizational psychology’s (IWOP’s) existence, the role of culture has been ambiguous at best. Attention to culture in IWOP started to take form in the 1970s, and in the last 20 years culture has begun to be integrated into IWOP research more generally. This integration has led to explorations of culture in the workplace far beyond the initial focus on organizational management theories and practices to looking at cultures’ relationships with all aspects of organizational and employee experiences. Most cross-cultural studies in IWOP research clearly show the importance of understanding societal culture’s impact on organizations, institutions, work, and workers. Merely transferring existing theories and practices of IWOP to new contexts without a clear understanding of whether those theories and practices make sense across cultures is unlikely to be successful. Through globalization and the multiculturalization of workforces, emplo...
Past negative time perspective (PNTP), characterized by rumination on painful past experiences, i... more Past negative time perspective (PNTP), characterized by rumination on painful past experiences, is generally considered harmful to a person’s well-being. However, there is reason to suspect that a PNTP may not make matters worse if a high PNTP is consistent with culture, as in the case of India. Drawing on the person–culture matching hypothesis, we test the moderating effects of PNTP on the relationship between role stressors and both psychological strain and organizational outcomes among Indian employees in India ( n = 253). Two smaller comparison groups of Asian Indians and US-born Americans in the USA were also evaluated to anchor the understanding of the Indians’ score on PNTP. This comparison is particularly important given that pressures of globalization on India’s culture have created a sustained sense of uncertainty for Indians. Results indicate that the mean score on PNTP is greater for Indians than for US-born Americans ( n = 56) and US-Indians ( n = 69). Furthermore, havi...
Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Nov 30, 2023
Researchers of police psychology must be well-acquainted with police work and culture both nation... more Researchers of police psychology must be well-acquainted with police work and culture both nationally and organizationally. However, most studies developed in police psychology do not fully account for the national context within which a study was done. In this article review, we discuss two social phenomena commonly studied by police psychologists: aggression and violence. Taking primarily a cross-national approach, we focus on the predictive role of individual values on aggression and violence. Schwartz's (1992) values theory, at the individual level of analysis, was chosen due to its importance to cross-cultural psychology, as well as its implications on well-being (e.g., Sagiv & Schwartz, 2000). We discuss how certain values may promote certain attitudes and behaviors (i.e., actions) and assert that human values affect aggression and violence. We review studies that have evidenced the relationship between values and aggression in the police context include suggestions on how to include values in a research agenda about violence and aggression. We discuss possible implications for increasing police officers' education and training, particularly reinforcing social values to guide actions. In order to foster change in aggressive and violent behaviors, it is imperative that police officers become aware of their own values. This must begin with the value of hierarchy, as well as tradition and conformity values. Finally, we pose discussion questions for researchers interested in investigating the interface between police and cross-cultural psychologies in the future, and for the use of educators to guide their in-class teaching.
This study examined the relationship between international and domestic students' demographic fac... more This study examined the relationship between international and domestic students' demographic factors on acculturation and sociocultural adaptation. It also examined the extent to which cultural values, uncertainty avoidance (UA) and power distance (PD), might explain two types of sociocultural adaptation: social interaction and localizing. A sample of 207 international and 173 domestic students from a northern California university completed a self-report survey. As expected, international students had higher sociocultural adaptation than U.S. students, but this difference did not vary by marital status or length of stay. Also, women who came from high UA and large PD countries (vs. low UA and high PD countries) had greater social interaction adaptation. These findings demonstrate that students' cultural backgrounds play an important role in their adaptation. This is an important finding as it signals that counselors in higher education institutes might need to collaborate with academic staff to help international students adjust. Female students from high UA and large PD countries may be especially in need of assistance to cope with sociocultural adaptation. Additional implications and future research needs are discussed.
International Journal of Stress Management, Feb 1, 2011
This is our first editorial together as co-editors of the Journal of Interactive Marketing (JIM) ... more This is our first editorial together as co-editors of the Journal of Interactive Marketing (JIM) and it is our distinct pleasure to provide this. At the outset, we want to thank the outgoing editor, John Deighton, for his invaluable contribution in transforming the erstwhile Journal of Direct Marketing to the broader, more vibrant Journal of Interactive Marketing as it exists today. John Deighton and Rashi Glazer's (the founding editors') vision for JIM and its implementation have enabled us to get this far. We are at an interesting moment in the history of interactive marketing. The world economy, driven primarily by developments in the United States, is trying to make a slow recovery from the dot-com bust, technology disenchantment, heightened privacy fears, and terrorism threats, among other impediments. These developments have important implications for interactive marketing. Many information technology firms may have failed, but Internet usage continues to grow and reshape interactive marketing. Direct mailing took a beating following the anthrax terror scare, but the turn of events has made direct marketers turn to more creative and efficient ways to market to their target customers. Direct and interactive marketers increasingly look toward leading edge ideas, theories, concepts, and practices in their field. The purpose of the Journal of Interactive Marketing is to fulfill these needs.
International Journal of Stress Management, May 1, 2005
This study examined the relationship between shift patterns and role stressors and strains, as we... more This study examined the relationship between shift patterns and role stressors and strains, as well as the extent to which situational variables and individual variables mediate the relationship between shift patterns and strains. Using survey data from 397 Israeli nurses, the author found that nurses working fixed day (vs. rotating) shifts reported less strains, but more stressors. Individual and situational
Aim(s). This two-wave study examines how transformational and laissez-faire leadership affect rol... more Aim(s). This two-wave study examines how transformational and laissez-faire leadership affect role overload and conflict and subsequent outcomes, including anxiety and intention to leave the organization. Background. In today’s healthcare sector, promoting health among employees is more relevant than ever. Health-promoting leadership styles, such as transformational leadership, can positively affect staff well-being, but research on laissez-faire leadership is particularly sparse, though it is believed to be detrimental. Past research suggests that leadership conditions work experiences and can exacerbate or mitigate role stressors that result in individual outcomes. Method(s). Questionnaires were administered to nurses in the USA (n = 208) and Spain (n = 220), with a five- and eight-week separation, respectively. Results. Transformational leadership has a negative and laissez-faire leadership has a positive relationship with adverse outcomes. Furthermore, role overload and conflict...
This series is a call to action for organizations to not only recognize but include, support, and... more This series is a call to action for organizations to not only recognize but include, support, and value employees of all walks of life, regardless of the social stigmas that might create material, affective, or psychological divisions between them and their ostensibly "normal" counterparts. It fills the gap in scholarship surrounding the difficult issues employees or job seekers might face based on their demographics, life events, or other factors. The series explores issues such as mental illness and wellness; and alcohol and drug addiction and recovery. It explores the complex and often times nuanced issues that face sexual minorities, or those who are formerly incarcerated, or military veterans in the context of employment or career decision making. Through rigorous research and contributions from the foremost scholars in human resources, books in the series will provide an indepth exploration of each population and challenge HR scholars and practitioners to effectively consider and embrace these explorations and consider expanding their own awareness. The series speaks on behalf of anyone who has ever been affected-directly or indirectly-by discrimination or exclusion in the context of work, and promotes a positive, productive, and purposeful working environment for employees at all levels.
International Journal of Police Science & Management
Brazilian police officers’ increasing levels of work anxiety and intention to leave the job are c... more Brazilian police officers’ increasing levels of work anxiety and intention to leave the job are consistent with other police forces around the world. Among the important variables that appear to be antecedents of these unwanted organizational outcomes are increasing role stressors associated with police work. We conjecture that how police officers appraise stressors would affect whether adverse outcomes prevail. Specifically, stressors appraised as challenges result in weaker adverse outcomes compared with stressors appraised as hindrances. We also anticipate that a boundary condition that might further attenuate adverse outcomes is having meaningfulness in life (MIL). Likewise, having low MIL can intensify the potential adverse outcomes of stressors appraised as hindrances. This study aims to investigate how role stressors appraised as either challenges or hindrances may influence anxiety and intention to leave among state police officers in the Brazilian Federal District (DF), as ...
For the first half century of industrial, work, and organizational psychology’s (IWOP’s) existenc... more For the first half century of industrial, work, and organizational psychology’s (IWOP’s) existence, the role of culture has been ambiguous at best. Attention to culture in IWOP started to take form in the 1970s, and in the last 20 years culture has begun to be integrated into IWOP research more generally. This integration has led to explorations of culture in the workplace far beyond the initial focus on organizational management theories and practices to looking at cultures’ relationships with all aspects of organizational and employee experiences. Most cross-cultural studies in IWOP research clearly show the importance of understanding societal culture’s impact on organizations, institutions, work, and workers. Merely transferring existing theories and practices of IWOP to new contexts without a clear understanding of whether those theories and practices make sense across cultures is unlikely to be successful. Through globalization and the multiculturalization of workforces, emplo...
Past negative time perspective (PNTP), characterized by rumination on painful past experiences, i... more Past negative time perspective (PNTP), characterized by rumination on painful past experiences, is generally considered harmful to a person’s well-being. However, there is reason to suspect that a PNTP may not make matters worse if a high PNTP is consistent with culture, as in the case of India. Drawing on the person–culture matching hypothesis, we test the moderating effects of PNTP on the relationship between role stressors and both psychological strain and organizational outcomes among Indian employees in India ( n = 253). Two smaller comparison groups of Asian Indians and US-born Americans in the USA were also evaluated to anchor the understanding of the Indians’ score on PNTP. This comparison is particularly important given that pressures of globalization on India’s culture have created a sustained sense of uncertainty for Indians. Results indicate that the mean score on PNTP is greater for Indians than for US-born Americans ( n = 56) and US-Indians ( n = 69). Furthermore, havi...
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